AGUSANDELSURSTATECOLLEGEOFAGRI

CULTUREAND

TECHNOLOGY

Addr
essi
ngSt
udentLackofPar
ti
cipat
iont
hroughAdapt
ingJi
gsaw

Appr
oach

Submi
tt
edby
:

BTLEDI
A-3A
 I
NTRODUCTI
ON

A.THEPROBLEM ANDI
TSBACKGROUND

Tr
adi
ti
onaleducat
ionhadbeenal
ter
edbyt
heCOVI
D-19epi
demi
cinonl
i
ne

cl
assr
oomsf
orcol
l
egesanduni
ver
sit
ieskeepi
ngt
rackofpupi
l
s'at
tendance

I
nter
per
sonali
nter
act
ivi
tyi
nreal
-t
imeonl
i
necl
assesi
sdi
ff
icul
tfori
nst
ruct
ors.

Dur
ingt
hel
ockdown,
avar
iet
yoft
hingshadani
mpactonat
tendanceandonl
i
ne

engagement(
Qut
ishatD,Obei
dal
l
ahR,QawasmehY.2022)
.Theenv
ironmenti
n

av
irt
ualcl
assr
oom i
s consi
der
abl
ydi
ff
erentf
rom a t
radi
ti
onalf
ace-
to-
face

cl
assr
oom.Gr
ouppr
oject
sar
eacommonpar
tofonl
i
necour
ses.Theabi
l
ityt
o

di
vi
det
hei
ronl
i
nest
udent
sint
oteamssot
heycanwor
konpr
oject
stoget
herand

communi
cat
eusi
ngt
hedi
scussi
onf
eat
urei
spr
ovi
dedt
oinst
ruct
ors.Howev
er,

t
headv
ant
ageofbei
ngi
nthesamepl
aceatt
hesamet
imedoesnotexi
sti
nthe

onl
i
necl
assr
oom becauset
hemaj
ori
tyofonl
i
necour
sesar
easy
nchr
onous.Each

memberoft
hegr
oup mustt
her
efor
ekeep up wi
tht
her
equi
red t
asksand

cont
ri
but
e.Thel
ear
ningat
mospher
einanonl
i
necl
assr
oom i
sof
tenmor
eli
vel
y.

Tol
ear
n,st
udent
smustputi
nef
for
t.St
udent
sact
ivel
yengagewi
tht
hecont
ent

anddel
i
ver
yoft
hecour
set
hroughi
nter
act
ionandpar
ti
cipat
ion.Thedi
ff
icul
tyof

notbei
ng abl
eto"
see"t
he i
nst
ruct
ororot
herst
udent
s dur
ing r
eal
-t
ime

i
nter
act
ionsi
spr
esenti
nasy
nchr
onousonl
i
necour
ses.

Themaj
ori
tyofschool
scl
oseddur
ingt
hepandemi
c,sev
erel
yal
ter
ingt
he

l
i
vesofpupi
l
s.Themaj
ori
tyofst
udent
sdonotpar
ti
cipat
einonl
i
necl
assesand
maynotbeabl
etoat
tendcl
assatcer
tai
nti
mes.Oneoft
hebi
ggestpr
obl
emsi
n

onl
i
ne educat
ion i
slow l
ear
nerpar
ti
cipat
ion.Thi
s mi
ghtbe br
oughton by

i
nadequat
elypl
annedpossi
bil
i
tiesf
orl
ear
neri
nter
act
ion.Accor
dingt
oresear
ch,

onl
i
nel
ear
ningcanbej
ustasef
fect
iveasi
n-per
soni
nst
ruct
ion,butonl
yif

l
ear
ner
shav
eaccesst
oengagementact
ivi
ti
est
hatar
ethought
ful
l
ypl
anned

(
Hawki
ns,
Graham,
Sudweeks,
&Bar
bour
,2013)
.

Theonl
i
net
ransf
erpr
ocessi
sfr
aughtwi
thdi
ff
icul
ti
es,suchast
hecapa

l
ackofcommi
tment
,al
ackofsoci
alconnect
ion,
andal
otofdi
str
act
ion(
Qut
ishat

et
.el
,2022)
.Act
ive st
udentpar
ti
cipat
ions i
n cl
ass pl
ay meani
ngf
ulr
olei
n

sat
isf
yingeducat
ionalobj
ect
ivesandr
aisi
ngst
udent
sper
sonal
i
ty.Toassur
e

qual
i
tyofeducat
ion,enhanci
ngst
udent
s'cl
asspar
ti
cipat
ionhasbecomev
ery

deci
si
veasdi
rectper
sonal
obser
vat
ion,
regi
str
aranddepar
tment
aldocument
sof

st
udent
s show t
hey hav
ever
ylow per
for
mance and i
nter
est f
or cl
ass

par
ti
cipat
ion.St
udent
s engage wi
tht
eacher
s,l
ear
ning mat
eri
als,and ot
her

st
udent
sinal
ear
ningenv
ironmentdur
ingt
hepr
ocessofl
ear
ning(
Boy
d,2019;

Rosci
ano,2015)
.Lear
ningi
sthesuppor
tthateducat
orsgi
vest
udent
ssot
hat

t
heycanacqui
reknowl
edgeandabi
l
iti
es,mast
ert
hem,anddev
elopat
ti
tudes

aboutt
hem (
Espi
nosaetal
.,
2021;
Hosenetal
.,
2021;
C.Li
uetal
.,
2021)
.Tohel
p

st
udent
slear
nef
fect
ivel
y,l
ear
ningi
sapr
ocess.I
nor
dert
oest
abl
i
shar
elaxi
ng

andenj
oyabl
elear
ningenv
ironment
,lear
ningst
rat
egi
esmustbeappl
i
edbased

ont
hechar
act
eri
sti
csoft
hest
udent
s(Amponsahetal
.,
2019)
.

Oneoft
hecol
l
abor
ati
vel
ear
ningt
echni
quesi
sji
gsaw,
inwhi
chst
udent
s

wor
kinsmal
l
,pr
edet
ermi
nedgr
oupst
oassumer
esponsi
bil
i
tyf
orapor
ti
onofa
t
ask.Thej
i
gsaw st
rat
egy
,ar
epl
annedi
nawayt
hatmakespupi
l
srel
yonone

anot
hert
osucceed.St
udent
swhoar
egi
vent
hechancet
opar
ti
cipat
einagr
oup

al
sol
ear
npr
act
icalski
l
lsl
i
kecommuni
cat
ionandadher
ingt
oaschedul
e.Al
ong

wi
thencour
agi
ngdi
alogueandcooper
ati
on,t
hisappr
oachal
sosuppor
tssel
f-

di
rect
edl
ear
ningt
echni
ques.Whenst
udent
scol
l
abor
ate,t
heydev
elopt
heski
l
ls

ofaski
ng quest
ions t
o cl
ari
fyt
hei
runder
standi
ng and gi
vi
ng const
ruct
ive

cr
it
ici
sm i
nthe r
ightcont
ext
.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,t
he j
i
gsaw st
yle ofeducat
ion

successf
ull
yboost
sst
udent
s'academi
cper
for
mancei
nthecr
uci
alcogni
ti
ve

ski
l
lsofpr
obl
em-
sol
vi
ngandanal
ysi
s,(
Hance,2016)
.St
udent
smustact
ivel
y

engagei
nlear
ningact
ivi
ti
esi
nor
dert
opar
ti
cipat
eincooper
ati
vel
ear
ning.I
nthi
s

si
tuat
ion,t
hei
nst
ruct
orshoul
dactasaf
aci
l
itat
orbyf
ost
eri
nganenv
ironment

t
hatencour
agesst
udent
stopar
ti
cipat
eact
ivel
yincl
ass.I
nthi
ssi
tuat
ion,
opt
ions

f
orcooper
ati
vel
ear
ning-
based cl
assr
ooms can i
ncl
ude gr
oup di
scussi
ons,

debat
es,
present
ati
ons,
andgames(
Demi
tr
a&Sar
joko,
2018;
Saguni
,2013)
.

I
nthi
sst
udywi
l
lai
mtoi
mpr
ovet
hepar
ti
cipat
ionofst
udent
sinonl
i
ne

cl
asses and ut
il
ize t
he Ji
gsaw Appr
oach on addr
essi
ng st
udent
slack of

academi
cpar
ti
cipat
ion.
B.STATEMENTOFTHEPROBLEM

Thi
sst
udywi
l
lfocusonaddr
essi
ngst
udent
’sl
ackofpar
ti
cipat
iont
hrough

adapt
ingj
i
gsawappr
oach.Theai
m oft
hisst
udyi
stoi
dent
if
yther
easonoft
he

st
udentl
ackofpar
ti
cipat
ionandt
heef
fect
ivenessoft
heJi
gsawappr
oachasa

st
rat
egyf
orBTLEDI
A-3Ast
udent
s.I
tal
soexpl
oredt
hest
udent
’sexper
iencewi
th

t
heuseoft
hispl
atf
orm.

Cat
egor
ical
l
y,i
tai
mtoanswert
hef
oll
owi
ngessent
ial
quest
ions:

1.Why st
udent
s ar
e notact
ivel
y par
ti
cipat
ing i
nthe cl
assr
oom-
based

t
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningpr
ocess?

2.Whatcoul
d be t
he possi
ble appr
oaches and sol
uti
ons t
o enhance

st
udent
scl
asspar
ti
ci
pat
ion?

3.Whatf
act
orsi
mpedeact
ivepar
ti
cipat
ioni
nthecl
assr
oom-
basedt
eachi
ng

l
ear
ningpr
ocess?
 Concept
ualf
ramewor
k

I
ndependentVar
iabl
es DependentVar
iabl
es

Pr
ofi
leoft
her
espondent
s Self-
eff
icacyi
nonlinel
earni
ng
amongt eachereducat
ion
 Sex students
 Yearl
evel  Lear
ning i
n Onl
i
ne
 Age envi
ronment
 Att
it
udes
 Soci
alsuppor
t  Ti
memanagement

 Technol
ogyuse

f
igur
e1.Concept
ualf
ramewor
k

The exami
ned l
i
ter
atur
e unequi
vocal
l
y demonst
rat
es l
ear
ner

char
act
eri
sti
cs/
hist
ory and desi
gn el
ement
s,some ofwhi
ch ar
eimpor
tant

ef
fi
cacypr
edi
ctor
s.Thef
oll
owi
ngi
sar
epr
esent
ati
onoft
heconcept
ualmodelf
or

ouri
nvest
igat
ion.

C.SI
GNI
FICANCEANDPURPOSEOFTHESTUDY

Themai
npur
poseoft
hisst
udyi
stoaddr
essst
udent
s’l
ackofcl
asspar
ti
cipat
ion

i
nthecaseoft
hir
dyearBTLEDI
A.

Speci
fi
cal
l
y,i
tsoughtt
oident
if
y:

1.Toi
ncr
easet
hel
evel
ofst
udentpar
ti
cipat
iont
hroughj
i
gsawappr
oach.

2.To i
dent
if
yhi
nder
ing f
act
orsf
oract
ive par
ti
cipat
ion i
n cl
assr
oom-
based

t
eachi
ngl
ear
ningpr
ocess.
D.SCOPEANDDELI
MITATI
ON

Thest
udyonl
yfocuseson t
headdr
essi
ng st
udentl
ackofpar
ti
cipat
ion

t
hroughadapt
ingj
i
gsaw appr
oach.Thepopul
ati
oncov
eredt
he27st
udent
s

f
rom Bachel
orofTechnol
ogyLi
vel
i
hoodEducat
ionmaj
ori
nIndust
ri
alAr
tsi
n

t
heAgusandel
SurSt
ateCol
l
egeofAgr
icul
tur
eandTechnol
ogy(
ASSCAT)
.

E.METHODSANDDESI
GN

Thi
ssect
iondescr
ibest
hepar
ti
cipant
soft
hest
udy
,ot
hersour
cesofdat
a,

r
esear
chdesi
gn,dat
agat
her
ingpr
ocedur
esandt
hest
ati
sti
calt
echni
quet
obe

usedi
nthest
udy
.

1.PARTI
CIPANTSAND/
OROTHERSOURCESOFDATAI
NFORMATI
ON

Thi
sst
udywi
l
luseapur
posi
vesampl
i
ng.Thepar
ti
cipant
sar
eBTLEDI
.A3Aonl
y,

whoar
epar
ti
cipat
ingt
hedi
stancel
ear
ningast
heav
ail
abl
elear
ningmet
hodi
n

r
esponseofpandemi
cthatar
efr
om AgusandelSurSt
ateCol
l
egeofAgr
icul
tur
e

and Technol
ogyofS.
Y.2021-
2022.The r
esear
cher
s wi
l
lut
il
ize t
he Ji
gsaw

met
hodf
orst
udentact
ivi
tl
es.Ther
esul
twi
l
lbet
hebasesf
ort
hedev
elopmentof

t
hei
rpar
ti
cipat
ioni
ndi
stancel
ear
ningFol
l
owi
ngt
hemi
nimum heal
thst
andar
ds

setbyI
ATFCOVi
D-19TaskFor
ceDOH,t
hedi
scussi
onsandact
ivi
ti
eswi
l
lbe

t
hrough onl
i
ne pl
atf
orms.TheJi
gsaw act
ivi
ti
eswi
l
lbel
astf
ort
went
y(20)

mi
nut
espersessi
on and wi
l
lbe doneusi
ng di
ff
erentgame st
rat
egi
esand

mechani
cst
hatar
eempl
oyedt
hroughonl
i
nepl
atf
orms.Thest
udywi
l
lexceedt
he
par
ti
cipat
iont
hroughj
i
gsaw act
ivi
ti
esandt
odi
scov
ert
hesi
gni
fi
cantdi
ff
erence

bet
weenacademi
cper
for
manceoft
hest
udent
sbef
oreandaf
terbei
ngexposed

byi
nter
vent
ion.

2.DATAGATHERI
NGMEHODS

I
ntheconductoft
hest
udy
,ther
esear
cherwi
l
lut
il
izet
hedescr
ipt
ive-
eval
uat
ive

r
esear
chdesi
gnandwi
l
lal
sout
il
izeacheckl
i
stast
ool
sthatwhi
chcont
ain

r
elat
edquest
ionst
oident
if
yther
easonsoft
hest
udent
slackofpar
ti
cipat
ion.

Thesewi
l
lbeusedasapr
imar
yinst
rumentt
ogat
herquant
it
ati
vedat
aont
he

par
ti
cipat
ion l
evel
s and al
so t
o ev
aluat
e per
for
mance i
mpr
ovementoft
he

par
ti
cipantbef
oreandaf
tert
heJi
gsawact
ivi
ti
es.

3.DATAANALYSI
SPLAN

Ont
heot
herhand,t
ogett
hei
nst
rumentv
ali
dat
ionf
ort
heJi
gsaw act
ivi
ty,t
he

r
esear
cherwi
l
lappl
yquant
it
ati
vedat
a.Thedat
awi
l
lbet
ail
edandt
abul
atedThe

r
esear
cher
swi
l
luset
hest
ati
sti
calt
ool
s:(
3.1)Fr
equency
-thi
sist
odi
spl
ayhow

manyst
udent
srespondedt
oeachi
tem.(
3.2)Per
cent
age-t
hisi
stodet
ermi
net
he

pr
opor
ti
on ofl
ear
ner
srepl
i
es i
nji
gsaw act
ivi
ti
es.(
3.3)Means t
hisi
sfor

measur
ingt
hev
ali
dit
yofut
il
izat
ionofJi
gsawact
ivi
ti
es.(
3.4)Z-
test
-thi
swi
l
lbe

usedt
oident
if
ythesi
gni
fi
canti
mpr
ovementaf
terusi
ngt
hei
nter
vent
ion.
 Ref
erences

Amponsah,
S.et
.Al
,(2019)
.Li
n’
scr
eat
ivepedagogyf
ramewor
kasast
rat
egyf
or

f
ost
eri
ngcr
eat
ivel
ear
ningi
nGhanai
anschool
s.Thi
nki
ngSki
l
lsandCr
eat
ivi
ty,

31,
11–18.ht
tps:
//doi
.or
g/10.
1016/
j.
tsc.
2018.
09.
00

Boy
d,L. (
2019)
. Usi
ng Technol
ogy
-Enabl
ed Lear
ning Net
wor
ks t
o Dr
ive

Modul
eImpr
ovement
sint
heUKOpenUni
ver
sit
y.Jour
nalofI
nter
act
iveMedi
ain

Educat
ion,
2019(
1),
1–7.ht
tps:
//doi
.or
g/10.
5334/
ji
me.
529.

Espi
nosa,R.
,Ponce,H.
,&Gut
iér
rez,S.(
2021)
.Cl
i
ck-
eventsounddet
ect
ioni
n

aut
omot
ivei
ndust
ry usi
ng machi
ne/
deep l
ear
ning.Appl
i
ed Sof
tComput
ing,

108.ht
tps:
//doi
.or
g/10.
1016/
j.
asoc.
2021.
107465.

Hasi
buan,M.H.E.
,Ful
diar
atman,F.
,Dewi
,F.
,Sul
ist
iyo,U.
,&Hi
ndar
ti
,S.(
2020)
.

Ji
gsaw Lear
ningSt
rat
egyI
nA Di
ver
seSci
ence-
Classr
oom Set
ti
ng:Feasi
bil
i
ty,

Chal
l
enges, And Adj
ust
ment
. Cakr
awal
a Pendi
dikan, 39(
3).

ht
tps:
//doi
.or
g/10.
21831/
cp.
v39i
3.30634.

Hawki
ns,A.
,Gr
aham,C.R.
,Sudweeks,R.R.
,&Bar
bour
,M.K.(
2013)
.Academi
c

per
for
mance,
cour
secompl
eti
onr
ates,
andst
udentper
cept
ionoft
hequal
i
tyand

f
requencyofi
nter
act
ioni
nav
irt
ualhi
ghschool
.Di
stanceEducat
ion,
34(
1),
64-
83.

doi
:10.
1080/
01587919.
2013.
770430

Hosen,M.et
.al
,(2021)
.Indi
vi
dualmot
ivat
ion and soci
almedi
ainf
luence on

st
udent knowl
edge shar
ing and l
ear
ning per
for
mance:Ev
idence f
rom an

emer
ging economy
. Comput
ers & Educat
ion, 72.

ht
tps:
//doi
.or
g/10.
1016/
j.
compedu.
2021.
104262.
Li
u,C.et
.al
.,(
2021)
.Sel
f-
ori
ent
edl
ear
ningper
fect
ioni
sm and Engl
i
sh l
ear
ning

bur
noutamong EFL l
ear
ner
s usi
ng mobi
l
eappl
i
cat
ions:The medi
ati
ngr
oles

of Engl
i
shl
ear
ning anxi
etyandgr
it
.Lear
ningandI
ndi
vi
dualDi
ff
erences,88.

ht
tps:
//doi
.or
g/10.
1016/
j.
li
ndi
f.
2021.
102011

Qut
ishat
,D.
,Obei
dal
lah,R.
,& Qawasmeh,Y..(
2022)
.An Ov
erv
iew of

At
tendanceandPar
ti
cipat
ioni
nOnl
i
neCl
assDur
ingt
heCOVI
DPandemi
c:ACase

St
udy
.Int
ernat
ionalJour
nalofI
nter
act
iveMobi
l
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