cVIEW ‘SYNOPSIS: A. Meaning 1 Modes of acquisition oS territorial sovereignity . Plebiscite . Loss of territorial sovereignity * Moves of ACQUISITION oF TERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNIT Y: which does ‘Original mode™ International law generally recognise. 190 of acquiring territorial sovereignity by a state —, (1) Occupation (2) Annexation (3) Accretion |. and (5) Prescription 1, Occupation: When a particular territory is not under the ais. of any other state, a state can establish its sovere,, over such territory occupation. Such territory uninhabited. For e.g., an island or it may be inhal persons whose community is not considered as a Ss» The Permanent Court of International Jus: explained the elements of effective occupation acquiring sovereignity. The occupation to be effe must consist of the following two elements. i. An intention the part of the occupying state to « sovereign called ‘Animus’ ii, The adequate exercise of sovereignty by such S# The effective administration should be estab! within a reasonable time. There is no ™ International Law that requires notificati®? occupation to other States as a condition © validity. As soon as a territory has bee? occu? a by a State, it becomes a subject of Intern: Law ate i$ 7 Thus mere act of discovery by one S18 or wax #9 enough to confer a title by occupation the islands of Palmas Arbitration Ca: a= eandomyesa-e34eD UE PUES) as9¢q aouts ‘uiseq eH uonednss0 UPIPUT Jo wTeTD 4, man 2u2 50 Sue pue eIpul weaMaq aindsIp ey) uo ysapeisury semdsid PUBS] 200% 94 yy A1UO spuetay, © ued sem semeg jo pURs| ay Tey Play vonenigry 20 409 au ‘og “OLT aouIS 1aAa ‘spueysy 9 2 Jo 2Wdoad ay sano A1uBias9A0s pasiozaxa ose pue SiDeIU09 Poustaess pey puey sayi0 aya uo spuepayiay PUEIS] Ot) Ut LoNENstump: BEY Siowiuos poystiqeiss pue 1 patdn 990 sprewued: atl 304d ou sem s191 ‘uredg Sq pasaroasi Sem snow spuee seuTea vein PRY ioenasy ayy Swemne Tense jo uoniqiyxe pe GUuBIozan08 jo asioraxa ay wsnw e st uonedne» PB 4200 SyuStazaa: 409 uoneinigze auL spuryssy PaPLAP LUNES oH UQIe oy pasrajar nu 94 UY “POUDUY OF yy IsueL oy Soy ds pur utedg J0 LoNnas6 109 ayy TaYION “s9N9% yo GUA & JapEM Dury uy 1980) YORDAs gy svuloq SPU PoXOUUE AOU & UayA\ -UONUXaUUR Aq A10;LLI01 Bipno AVUBI212008 [eLs0r4149) samboe aysiu aieig y . MOUPXAULE UF aJ01 daIsioap & skejd sua) JO UWP SUL “IBtNOUR Jo axE1g aU0 Ka sso o YORISINDR 241D405 oy) suBaur uonexauuy iNoLLvxaNNy +z Auowne ans Jo 281219%9 [PME wos 2q os[e pinoys ausyy tr PUP IF 1900 AuBIo10008 ysy 19189 0) uonuayur 4 pINOYS 04943 “K10W11191 & 49, 80 UoHedn320 soy © ¥me9 quaueuriag ayy 19809 puvjuasain wiasoq "Du I "buy aiajduos 43 Jo uonednos0 ayi ‘uo IS] au raa0 Yonensturupe oyenbapr zr aq Puers:ee 240 J9puN Apeoaye K1orss91 0) S9ENED TEMPE YBN, Aiurew poppe sy Aroy1I9) MILF 249UM “SUONEY,,, “aU YBnoIy) pup] Jo asBad9UF P43 St UOHdiooy INOLLHDOy ION PUP {INU 3oUD4 pup Apres 289] ou soy bey dq yemNy JO HONEXOULE ay) yy, PoLwI99 HouNED ANIA OU, “AMS UNO SHE YU s>ye 24} pafiour ‘so10j Jo ast ayy YIM WeMNY JO Uonexou Pur uorseaur saye desl ‘0661 ISNENY UY :*3' 104 SUONEN PaxUP, aq) Jo sasodind OW tim jusisisuoou! souueUT soyI0 Cue UT 40 a}EIg Aue Jo a2uapuadapur yeonyfod 40 Auaayur peuows9y JsureBe sso9} asn ou [TeYs ayeIg JoquIaW yeYY sareqndys ¥ ered “Z 9}onzy Japun suoNeN payup ay) jo saUeY PHL Te39[11 wWo99q sey UoNexXaUUE YBnos4) uO} Jo won!sinbye “O'N'A Jo 1uaMIYsHqersa oy JOyy “suvow Areyyru-uow §q 40 y9jop eu e Joye Awan aovad v uss 01 Pacd0} u9aq Jota sey ayeg BuIpao aug, rAywany AS T eid 2481 0) pros st uoKexaUUE ‘uayy, -aymg snouODH 24) £q 9peuI St UONexoMUE Jo UOHerE|aap e {{I0ILL2l "Jo isonbuoo 24) 9yy :weREyoag pesoyerun ® AE | ‘shen omy ut 1d aye) ue uo? ‘aseal Jo ues Aq og gop rons 9} yess 01 USEF sey e78iS UBlorA0g y ge Auo papredes st eUBlEl Ue] Jo joedsar ut ikq payed Aymadied ur aseay :B-q -fyean © 0} sapred axp Jo uonusUT juusovap 8} Yous worsen w st sous © ‘o} siunoure osea] Zefnonsed & 1uvouA u op asvay Jo sasvo un IV 5 ig Pam igs 10 UOIS822 ygs00 ]TIESTO? 101 ossoQ pue oseoT suorssao pnyeoeed Jo yyrerey ‘Atzayoipued SP game ay axe ureueg pur TP 0 uopsmboy ‘3a s epuy 4q sayroyrisey youssd J sajquoonasst St apemt 2900 soqes ‘yi & Ka aq oste Aout orstnduzoo 1pun 34 uorsseo ay, “MS .s00 hq wonssinboe ss20 y ‘oseay 10 @BUBYOXE Ee Joq98 oy “Fem Jo yNSeZ BSE 0 Keyunjon 29 Sout ‘10111191 JO “sens jo smoaey ut a0erd S22 ors: °$ 1ooue 0} AroyLLI9} SYP S1AJSUED > yrs & UOUM :wo1ssdQ “b 1 og “emir OT 7 sem oun ee asoueder jo pred se PIU SF asouedep ayy Jo vas TeHOT dnzo over tous cee mat aut ee ur par nye oytoeg ayy ut paBsouro pUelSl uy 3 Me seid sa"? %E kq uos og 12008 Qismboe ‘ares APU jo AY vel ——— «Auswdojaaap ayy Aq Ammquas yioz ayy ur paBuazye diam uonesnfqns pue ysenbuoo jo aury0p ayy ‘uoneSnfqng y8nomyy wopacy a9 Aeme Bupqer q adoad peso] ayy Buneurmop q pamorjos Uy! pur uoRexouue fq Ar011110) Jo uonerdosdde Teorsht S} e194) UsYM so¥]d Saxe} Jsanbuos eaNoayo uy “so110}1119} 93838 Burs Jo skem / sapour jexoaas ay Jo auo st 3] “2020] Burs 4q 10x10 ay BuReazap saaqoaut a ‘souM aWOg “Wopas 143 Aeme Bupjer fq dnosB soyjoue sayeutuop ajdo: Jo dnox3 uo yorym ur ssaso1d aya st uoneSnfang iwonivonrang - “eum Jo yIBUs aIqesoprsuos w 40} aq snUT 3] “onqnd 2q ysnuz 3] paidnuzoiurun pure [nysovad aq ysnur uorssassod yong “21N uBroz9A08 jo ‘wrelo Jopun oq ysnur Aroy12303 yons Jo uorssassod a4, ‘wonduosaid £q A10y1218) armboe oF PorTUITY 9q sn SuORYPUOD SuLmoTTO} ayy, aN sermbow oyeg rauri0y 91 Asoyt1a} 9y3 120 portad Buoy e AyuBra1a008 panunuoo jo asiox: A arg w x ‘uonduosaid 4 1 UeUR ‘aqeIg JoyjoUR J 205 ‘s9UUEUL a[qea0Ved & U Ox9 UL SI ayeIS B LOY wonaniosmd *¢ UID 0} eq PaoNeT 108 Buoy Buoy ayeosayy pur 2661 UW pondxe avo] OU SIB—K 66 Jo potted w 10} 9681 | UIEILIG] 4H OF wUIYD Aq pareId sem aseo] Kq Bud» J 190 AjuSto1onos Kresoduray Jo s9jsuey ayy, :3°q Sor196 ' ple that aggressive war j, Cop | law. This view was expres,” nt of the League of Nations, th. Ket, Pact of 1928, the Charters and Jug Mens, ional Military Tribunals Created a, , World War Il, to try the accused of war ¢ Charter of the United Nations, and num Multipartite Treaties, Declarations, and R Coven eToys, Solu, The territories annexed and subju aggressive wars are now denied le, other nations. This is known by th Doctrine,(1932) The doctrine was subsequently afin, of Nations Gated th, gal Tecognitio. © name the by the assembly of the League As per the Article XI of the “Draft Declaratio: Rights and Duties of States” (1949) forwarded 5; “International Law Commission of the UN”, the sw are obligated not to Tecogniz, € territorial acquisiti achieved by aggressive war, Although conquest by Y 888ressive wars are outlat som ! Ste the declaration and en in aggressive wars For eg., in 1975 the former Portugue: 1990, the Iraqi gov and attempted to » Indonesia invaded and anné SE Colony of ‘Ast Timor, an ernment of Saq, Waseca ual! annex Kuwait, ae In general, conquest and i rs : NEB ation are now significant, as it once was, because 1 a i 0 3 'S no longer a common ambition ame,"9Pial expat States,~~ 197 ppEBISCITE: ¢ : 4 plebiscite is a direct vote by eligible voters to je an important public question, such as a change tution, secession, or a similar issue of ne consti onal or regional importance. The synonym to plebiscite is referendum. The term ‘plebiscite’ suggests that it is a type of 2 to change the constitution or government of a it isa direct vote in which the entire electorate is ed to accept or refuse a proposal: for eg., The new constitution was ratified in a cite. + is often used in Government, Politics, Diplomacy, + is a direct vote by the electorate of a ‘state, etc, on some question of usually national ance the name “plebiscite” nodern constitutional law. to a vote of the entire people eligible to aginst a proposed ent. submitted to them. If the people vote radical change in powers of the g their choice for or agi will work a or which Is beyond the and is generally “eeding is extraordinary ts characterY 198 in the plebiscites submiy, Louis Napoleon, whereb, i lished. / For example, French people by Empire was estab! it is important that the rules, 9 In plebiscite, p in advance so tha, , the plebiscite are drawn U) knows what they are. Types of plebiscite: : There are two types of plebiscite. : Mandatory plebiscite - meaning the governz must do what the result says. Advisory plebiscite - meaning the result of is only to help the government make the final cho It usually depends on the country’s history = constitution as to what sort of referendum / plebiscite is Problems with plebiscite: The benefit/advantage of plebiscite is that political problems can be solved by asking the Pe? their opinion,because the supporter: : 7 rgunt? will be forced to accept the aes 's of the a e The defects / disadvantages of plebiscite we i 1. The electorates do not have , knowledge to truly understang eau po for. hat they are vo" 2. Philosophers Plato and Madison , 7 are too easily persuaded by theimed that vo" z 'r own inte! aover Trespond exactly overeignity. These met abandonment), by condi f termtory. by operation of natu) fannate occupations as a mode of acquinng serntorial overeignity with the help of decided oases. the various modes of acquisition of state temtory under International Law. Refer to case laws. What is plebiscite? Explain the provisions regarding plebiscite. kk