IGCSE Biology Revision Exercise (Chap 5-8)

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Paper 4

1. Enzymes are necessary for many biological processes, such as the digestion of fat.

(a) (i) Explain why enzymes are necessary for biological processes. [3]

(ii) Lipase, protease and amylase are enzymes secreted into the alimentary canal.

Name one organ that secretes each enzyme. Choose your answers from this list.

gall bladder colon pancreas liver salivary glands rectum

You can use each organ only once. [3]

Lipase =

Protease =

Amylase =

(b) A group of students investigated the digestion of fat in milk.

• They added an alkaline solution to the milk.
• They divided the milk into four test-tubes.
• They added lipase and bile salts to some of the test-tubes, as shown in Table 5.1. They
did this at the same time for each test-tube.
• They kept all test-tubes at 40 °C.
• After 5 minutes, they added Universal Indicator solution to each test-tube.
Fig. 5.1 shows the colour of the indicator at different pH values.

(i) Explain why test-tube D was included in the investigation. [2]

(ii) Explain why the colour in test-tube A was orange. [3]

(iii) Explain the results for test-tubes B and C. [4]

2. (a) State the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. [2]

 A student investigated the effect of different wavelengths of light on the rate of photosynthesis
of the water plant, Cabomba. The student used the apparatus shown in Fig. 6.1.

(b) The student collected the gas produced by the plant for five minutes. The results are
shown in Table 6.1.

Describe the effect of wavelength of light on the rate of photosynthesis as shown in

the student’s results in Table 6.1.

You will gain credit if you use data from the table. [3]
 (c) State how the student would calculate the rates of photosynthesis from the results in
Table 6.1. [1]

(d) State why the student:

(i) kept the lamp at the same distance during the investigation, [1]

(ii) used sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. [1]

(e) State three uses in a plant of the carbohydrate produced in photosynthesis. [3]

3. Water moves into plants from the soil and exits through the leaves.

(a) Explain how water moves from the soil into the root. [4]

Water reaches the leaves from the roots through the xylem. Fig. 4.1 shows images of stomata
on the lower surfaces of leaves of two varieties of olive plant, A and B. Both are shown at the
same magnification.
(b) (i) Describe the function of stomata. [2]

(ii) Compare the density of stomata between the two varieties of olive plant, A and B,
shown in Fig. 4.1. [2]

(iii) Under identical environmental conditions the rate of water uptake in plant A is
higher than plant B. Explain why. [3]

(c) The density of stomata is an example of a leaf adaptation to the environmental

conditions. State two other adaptations of leaves for survival in a dry environment. [2]

(d) Water lost from the leaves enters the atmosphere. Describe how water is recycled from
the atmosphere back to the roots. [2]