Chapter III

Research Methodology

Research Design

The study will use both quantitative and qualitative research approaches specifically

descriptive-evaluative and descriptive-comparative research design. Imperatively, quantitative

research approach can be seen as being scientific in nature. The use of statistical data for the

research descriptions and analysis reduces the time and effort which the researcher would have

invested in describing his result. Data (numbers, percentages and measurable figures) can be

calculated and conducted by a computer through the use of a statistical package for social

science (SPSS) which save lot of energy and resources Daniel (2016). For the quantitative part,

description of the profile of respondents in terms of participant, age, gender, civil status,

educational attainment and type of vehicle driven will be determined; and level of effectiveness

of traffic management function of Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya in terms of traffic enforcement,

traffic engineering, traffic education, traffic environment/ecology and traffic economy will be

determined. Likewise, level of effectiveness of traffic management functions of Bambang,

Nueva Vizcaya will be compared to their profile variables to determine significant differences.

For the qualitative part, challenges encountered by end users vis-à-vis the various

domains of the standard operating procedures of the traffic management process will be

determined using a face-to-face interview. Qualitative research contains all necessary

 30

instruments that can evoke recall which aids problem-solving. Qualitative data instruments such

as observation, open-ended questions, in-depth interview (audio or video), and field notes are

used to collect data from participants in their natural settings. The methods employed in data

collection give full description of the research with respect to the participants involved (Daniel,

2016).

And as an offshoot of the study, an action plan to improve traffic management functions

of Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya will be crafted based on the salient findings of the study.

Locale of the Study

The history of Bambang, like most towns in the country, has its beginning in the early

period of Spanish Colonization. Hence, to understand and appreciate its history, it is well to

recall and religious reasons. It was not surprising to see religious through the wilderness of the

country’s virgin forests and valleys.

It is worth hearing in mind that the three major aims of Spanish colonization were:

economic wealth, political glory and to spread Christian faith. It is therefore not surprising to see

brave and dedicated religious missionaries plodding their way, side by side the sword-bearing

colonizers and conquistadors, through thick jungles and up and down unchartered rivers. In fact,

the first white men ever seen by the natives were those cross bearing missionaries.

The first mission that dares to penetrate the dangerous wilderness and insect-infested

jungles of what is Southern Nueva Vizcaya today was by Dominican Order in 1607. However, it

was only two years later (1609) when a Dominican Missionary coming from Pangasinan. Father

Tomas Gutierrez by name arrived to establish the first missionary settlement. This settlement

was subsequent called the “Ytug” which today actually comprises the town of Aritao, Bambang
 31

and a part of the Igorot region to the West (now Kayapa). Originally, these paces were inhabited

by the Aetas and the Panypuyes (Aritao), the Ilongots (Dupax and Bambang) and the Igorots in

the area west of Bambang and Aritao. The Isinays of today who for the present day native

population of Dupax, Aritao and Bambang came about by the inter-marriages of the tribes

mentioned above.

Although the seat of the vast missionary settlement of the Ytug, which was Aritao, were

established as early as 1609, it was not until 1751, when Father Franco was able to persuade the

natives scattered in the area now called Bambang, to coverage into one settlement. The site

selected is now the Barangay of San Fernando two kilometers east of the present town proper.

This site, however, was found small for a growing community, so the villages were transferred to

Punawa in 1775. Traces and ruins of old stone wells at the base of the hill, a kilometer east of

Bambang proper could still be found before the last war out now they are gone because of

intensive development of the area.

Later, in the same year (1775) Father Franco was transferred and Father Domingo Caro

took his place. They already have the rudiments of government. At the head of their

government was chieftain who is responsible for the welfare of his people. Under his leadership,

the people built granaries on top of what is now Damaso Perez Hill. Here, the rice and corn they

produced was storied fort the consumption of the whole community. Wells were also

constructed to supply them with potable water. They also had developed a highly articulated

language of their own which is different and distinct from those of other languages in the

Philippines. They composed their own songs and sang them during socio-religious rites and

occasions such as harvest festivals, burials and marriages.

 32

The missionaries also found the natives engaged in different economic activities. They

engaged in agriculture and produced their own cereal. They raised domesticated animals such as

the dogs that they used to hunting. A highlight of their economic activities was the practice of

bartering. This is evidenced by the iron implements and tools they used for agriculture and

hunting. They also have proclaimed wares, which definitely come from the people from other

places. This proves beyond doubt that before the Spaniards come to Bambang, the natives have

had early contacts with the outside world. Influence of the cultures of other people was also

evident in their attire. They wear clothes woven from local materials and adorned themselves

with beads and bracelets and other trinkets.

In 1751, Father Urmaze was transferred. Leaving Father Franco alone in the gigantic task

of attending to the spiritual needs of the newly converted natives. He therefore felt a need to

coverage to coverage them in one site. The site selected is was what is now San Fernando, a

verdant plain two kilometers cast of the present town proper.

With the passage of time, the community grew and the San Fernando site could no longer

accommodate all the natives, so in 1773, a new site was located in what now Punawa. There, the

people settled once again, built their houses and communal barns, and constructed a temporary

convent and church. Ruins of brick walls could still be found at the Tabangan Hill in Punawa

before World War II. Unfortunately, traces of this place in the area. April 13, 1774 was red-

letter day for the settlers of Punawa: on this day the first Holy mass was said and the people

adopted the name Sta. Maria De Abiang.

The Village chieftain at that time was Beorang who was given the Christian name

Vicente after his conversion to Christianity. He was succeeded by Dalimag who was christened

Nicolas Dalimang Calderon.

 33

In 1977, the village people transferred to a place within the vicinity of a pit (Bambang in

Isinay) where the warring Ilongots and Igorots buried their tribal dead. Incidentally, the name of

the new town Bambang was derived from the term Bambang. The villagers chose Sta. Catalina

de Sienna as the town’s patron saint and she remains so to this day.

Miguel Peñalosa is said to have been the first elected gobernadorcillo of Bambang.

However, on September 16, 1782, the title for the town’s executive was changed to Alcalded de

Naturales. The first to be given the title was Nicolas Dalimang Calderon. The period between

1782 and 1789 saw the rise of permanent edifices like the Case Tribal, the church and separate

school building for boys and girls.

With the American occupation of the Philippines in 1902, came monumental changes.

Educational opportunities, offered to most of the townsfolk’s greatly influenced the political,

social and economic development of the town. With the influx of immigrants from as far as

north as Cagayan and south as the Visayas, Bambang became the melting pot of different ethnic

groups.

a. Geography

The municipality of Bambang is in the Southern portion of the Province of Nueva Vizcaya, is

around 251 kilometers north of Manila and 16 kilometers from the Provincial Capitol of

Bayombong. It is bounded by the north by the municipality of Bayombong, flanked on the east

by the municipality of Quezon and Kasibu, and flourished on the south portion by the

municipalities of Dupax de Sur and Dupax del Norte, on the west by the municipalities of Aritao

and Kayapa.
 34

Bambang is traversed from north to south by the National Highway (Daang Maharlika), which is

the major thoroughfare going either north to Tuguegarao City, Cagayan or going South to

Manila.

Respondents of the Study

Using purposive simple random sampling technique, the participants of the study will be

the traffic monitoring group, public order and safety officers, police officers assigned to traffic

division and motorist/ commuters.

The sample population of the respondents was determined using the Slovin’s formula.

n= N where:

1+ Ne2 e: 5 % n:

samples

N: population
Table 1. Respondents of the Study.
Group N n
Traffic Monitoring Group 40 36
Police Officers 50 44
Motorists (with franchise) 3,000 353
Public Order and Safety Officers 300 171
Total 3,390 604
 35

Research Instrument

This research is descriptive in nature so the data collection will be done in three ways:

pre-survey, interview and adapted but slightly modified survey questionnaires used by Hintural

Jr. et al. (2016) that is composed of three parts. Sets will be composed of prepared questions

formulated and sequenced to draw out data. The first part will be the profile of the respondents in

terms of age, gender, civil status, educational attainment and occupation. The second part will be

the effectiveness of traffic management in the municipality of Bambang as perceived by the

motorist, pedestrian and law enforcement sector. The third part will be the challenges

experienced by the respondents.

Codes, Mean Scales and Qualitative Description to be used in the Study.

Code Mean Scale Qualitative Description

4 3.50 – 4.00 Very Effective (VE)

3 2.50 – 3.49 Effective (E)

2 1.50 – 2.49 Less Effective (LE)

1 1.00 – 1.49 Not Effective (NE)

Data Gathering Procedure

This study will be conceptualized by the researchers through the help of their adviser

where books, journals, manuals, operational manuals, and unpublished materials and internet

were used as their references. The researchers will conduct informal interview to road users of
 36

Bambang particularly the motorists. Likewise, researchers will personally visit Bambang Police

Station to gather data and determine the number of officers involved in Patrol and Traffic.

Moreover, the permission of Traffic Management Group of Bambang will be also sought along

with determining the number of its enforcers.

Treatment of Data

Upon the accumulation of the questionnaire, data gathered will be tallied, tabulated,

analyzed and interpreted. Different statistical tools will be used.

1. Means. Will be used to determine profile of the respondents and the level of

effectiveness of traffic management function of Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya.

2. Independent sample T-test. Will be used to determine is significant differences on the

level of effectiveness of traffic management function of Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya when

grouped according to their profile variables.

3. For the challenges experience and secondary documents on traffic management by the

respondents, document scanning and thematic analysis will be conducted.

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