PERSONALITY

PSDA 03

MOKSH RATHORE
C17
 NOITCUDORTNI
Personality refers to the set of traits

and behaviours that characterise an

individual. Personality used to refer

to an individual's external attitude,

but it now covers their internal

aspects as well.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
PERSONALITY

1.Personality is made up of both internal and external factors.

2. Personality is rather consistent.

3.It is both inherited and influenced by the environment.

4.Takes into account individual variance.

4.Uniqueness
HOW TO MEASURE PERSONALITY

The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Big Five

Personality Model are the most extensively used and well-

known personality frameworks. Both describe a person's

whole personality by delving into the various aspects of

personality. Ernest Tupes and Raymond Christal proposed

the first model in 1961, and J.M Digman proposed his five-

factor personality model in 1990, which Lewis Goldberg

developed to the highest level of organisation.

 DETERMINENTS OF PERSONALITY

1. Heredity- Brain, Physical Appearance,

Temperament

2. Environmental Factors- Cultural, School, College,

and Family

3. Social Groups/Socialisation

4. Situational Factors

5. Psychological Factors: Motivation and Interest

PERSONALITY THEORIES
Trait Theories: An attempt to understand what

personality traits are and how they relate to actual

behaviour.

Psychodynamic theories are those that concentrate

on the interior workings of the mind, particularly

internal conflicts and struggles.

Humanistic Theories: Emphasis on personal growth

and private, subjective experiences.

Differences in personality can be attributed to

socialisation, expectancies, and mental processes,

according to social-cognitive theories.

SEITILANOSREP
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
FO SEPYT

EXTRAVERSION
AGREEABLE
NEUROTICISM
 The term "openness to experience" is abbreviated as "openness." People

with a high level of openness love trying new things. They are interested

and enjoy art, inventiveness, and new experiences. "Variety is the spice of

life," the open individual's mantra can be.

People that have a low level of openness are the polar opposite: they like

to stick to their routines, avoid new experiences, and aren't the most

adventurous eaters.

According to a study published in the American Psychological Association

in 2021, openness may be linked to verbal IQ and information development

throughout time (opens in new tab). People with a high level of openness

appreciate novelty and have "predicted comedy producing abilities above

and beyond IQ," according to the study's findings.

In other words, they are more amusing than folks who are simply intelligent.

OPENNESS

SENSUOITNEICSNOC
Conscientious people are well-organized and have a strong sense of

responsibility. They are trustworthy, disciplined, and goal-oriented.

Conscientious individuals do not go on round-the-world excursions

without a plan; they are planners.

People with a low level of conscientiousness are more impulsive and

uninhibited. They may have a tendency to be careless at times.

Researchers reported in 2019 in the Proceedings of the National

Academy of Sciences that conscientiousness is a beneficial quality

to have because it has been connected to academic and

professional success.
EXTRAVERSION VS. INTROVERSION IS PERHAPS THE

MOST WELL-KNOWN OF THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY

TRAITS. SOMEONE WHO IS MORE OF AN EXTRAVERT

IS MORE OF A SOCIAL BUTTERFLY. EXTRAVERTS ARE

GREGARIOUS, FRIENDLY PEOPLE WHO GET THEIR

ENERGY FROM CROWDS. IN THEIR SOCIAL

CONTACTS, THEY ARE AGGRESSIVE AND UPBEAT.

INTROVERTS, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE A LOT

OF TIME ALONE. INTROVERSION AND SHYNESS ARE

COMMONLY CONFUSED, ALTHOUGH THEY ARE NOT

THE SAME THING. SHYNESS IS DEFINED AS A FEAR

OF SOCIAL CONTACTS OR A SOCIAL

INCOMPETENCE. INTROVERTS CAN BE ATTRACTIVE

AT PARTIES; THEY JUST PREFER ACTIVITIES THAT ARE

DONE ALONE OR IN SMALL GROUPS.

EXTRAVERSION
 The degree of a person's warmth and

friendliness is measured by
SSENELBAEERGA agreeableness. The more agreeable But being agreeable isn't always

someone is, the more trusting, helpful, rewarded. A 2018 article in Harvard

and caring they are. People who Business Review (opens in new tab)by

Miriam Gensowski, an assistant professor

disagree are cold and skeptical of others,

at the Department of Economics of the

and they are less likely to work together.
University of Copenhagen, stated that,
As you may expect, being agreeable has
"more agreeable men, who tend to be
many advantages. According to a 25-
friendly and helpful to others, have
year study published in Developmental
significantly lower earnings than less
Psychology(opens in new tab) in 2002,
agreeable men. The man who is very
pleasant children had fewer behavioural
agreeable (in the top 20%) will earn about
difficulties than disagreeable children,
$270,000 less over a lifetime than the

while agreeable adults had less

average man."

depression and more job stability than

disagreeable adults.
 NEUROTICISM
To understand neuroticism, look no further than George Costanza of the long-running sitcom "Seinfeld."

George is known for his neuroses, which he attributes to his dysfunctional parents, according to the show.

He is paranoid about everything, obsessed with germs and disease, and once quit a job due to his

anxiety(opens in new tab) about not having access to a private bathroom.

People with a high level of neuroticism worry a lot and are prone to anxiety and sadness. Even when things

are going well, neurotic folks will find something to be concerned about. A study from 2021  discovered a

link between neuroticism and incomes. Even when neurotic persons with good salaries received raises, the

additional money made them unhappy (opens in new tab). Because neurotic people have a high level of

neuroticism tend to experience a lot of negative emotion, neuroticism plays a role in the development of

emotional disorders, according to a paper published in Clinical Psychological Science(opens in new tab).

In contrast, people who are low in neuroticism tend to be emotionally stable and even-keeled.
THANK YOU