Lecture 35 – Carrier Current

Protection I
Switchgear and Protection
(UEE603)
 Contents
• Course objective:
– To introduce the concept of protection system attributes,
– types of fuses,
– circuit breakers,
– earthing, relays, and
– various protection schemes.
• Protection Schemes:
– Overcurrent and Overvoltage protection of transmission lines,
– differential protection,
– transformer protection,
– Bus bar protection,
– distance protection of transmission line,
– carrier aided protection of transmission lines,
– generator protection,
– induction motor protection.
 Contents – Carrier Current Protection I

• Schemes of Transmission Line Protection

• Details of pilot protection system
• Physical systems for pilot protection
• Current based schemes
• Phase Comparison Scheme
• Current Differential Scheme
 Transmission Line Protection
• Differential Schemes – Compare currents at
two ends of the line.
• Non-Unit protection – Detects faults based on
measurement at one end:
– Overcurrent or
– impedance based protection
 Current based Schemes
• Requires a communication channel to exchange
information between two ends.
 Communication channels:
⁻ Pilot wire
⁻ Leased telephone line
⁻ Microwave communication/ Radio Optical fibre
⁻ Power line carrier
• Reliability depends on the communication channel
availability.
• Speed depends on the communication channel
 Current based Schemes
• Pilot Wire relaying
- Opposed Voltage Type
- Circulating current

Composite Current (Single current derived from three phase currents) is

used.
Phase Comparison Scheme
 Current Differential Scheme
• Ratio of current are monitored at each end
• [ILocal/IRemote ] ratio will be equal to -1.0 under normal conditions
or for external faults
 Summary – Carrier Current Protection I

• Schemes of Transmission Line Protection

• Details of pilot protection system
• Physical systems for pilot protection
– Current based schemes
– Phase Comparison Scheme
– Current Differential Scheme