GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 2

1. Iron is extracted from its ore in the blast furnace. The diagram shows the main
reactions occurring in the furnace.

(a) (i) Complete and balance the symbol equation for reaction 3. [2]

(ii) Use this reaction to explain the term reduction.

...................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State the type of reaction taking place in the formation of slag. Give a
reason for your answer [2]
...................................................................................................................
(c) Explain how calcium oxide is formed in the furnace.

……………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(d) Suggest how the cost of the process is reduced by using some of the waste
gases

……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 3

2. Preparation of salts can be done by three methods.

Method X- use a burette and an indicator
Method Y – mix two solutions and obtain the salt by precipitation
Method Z- Add an excess of base or metal to a dilute acid and remove the excess
By filtration.
For each of the following salt preparations choose one of the methods X, Y or
Z, name any additional reagent needed and then write or complete the
equation.
(i)The soluble salt, aluminium sulfate, from the insoluble base, aluminium oxide
method …………………………………………………………………………….
reagent ……………………………………………………………………………
word equation …………………………………………………………………… [3]
(ii) the soluble salt, ammonium chloride, from the soluble base, ammonium hydroxide
method …………………………………………………………………………….
reagent ……………………………………………………………………………
equation ………………..+ …………………………. NH4Cl + H2O [3]
(iii) The insoluble salt, silver (I) iodide, from the soluble salt silver (I) nitrate
method …………………………………………………………………………….
reagent ……………………………………………………………………………

equation Ag+ ……………………….. ……………………………………. [4]

 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 4

3. The diagram shows various structures

(a)Which three of the structures A to F represent elements? Give a reason for

your answer.
structures …………………………………………………………………………..
reason ………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b)Which one of the structures A to F represents a gas containing single
atoms?
……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(c)(i)Which one of the structures A to F represents a gas containing diatomic
molecules?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) State the name of a gas which has diatomic molecules.
……………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(d)(i)Which one of the structures A to F represents graphite?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii)State one use of graphite
………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(e) Structure D represents a compound
(i) State what is meant by the term compound.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 5

(ii) Which one of the following substances is structure E most likely to

represent?
Put a ring around the correct answer.
ammonia hydrogen chloride methane water [2]
(f)Hydrogen chloride is a compound.
(i)Draw a diagram to show the electrons are arranged in a molecule of hydrogen
chloride.
Show only the outer electrons.
Show hydrogen electrons as
Show chlorine electrons as x

[2]
(ii)State the name of the type of bonding present in hydrogen chloride.
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(iii)Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to form an acidic solution of hydrochloric
acid. Describe how you would use litmus paper to show that this solution
is acidic.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(iv)Which one of the following values is most likely to represent the pH of a
dilute solution of hydrochloric acid?
Put a ring around the correct answer.
pH 2 pH7 pH10 pH14 [1]
(v) Complete the following equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with
magnesium.
Mg(s) + ………… HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) [1]
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 6

(vi) Name the salt formed in this reaction

……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
4. Figure 4.1 shows a flow diagram for the Haber process.
Figure 4.1

4(a)(i) Hydrogen gas is obtained from methane. Name one source of methane
……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
4a(ii) Air is the source used to produce nitrogen for the Haber process.
Suggest why air must not get into the reactor.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]

4a(iii) Describe what happens to the mixture of gases from the reactor.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….[3]
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 7

4(b) The graph in Figure 4.2 shows the percentage yield of ammonia using
different conditions.
Figure 4.2

4b(i) Use Figure 4.2 to suggest the conditions that produce the greatest yield of
ammonia.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
4(b)(ii) Use Figure 4.2 to suggest and explain why the conditions used to produce
ammonia in the Haber process are a temperature of 450°C and a pressure of
200 atmospheres.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 8

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………[5]
5 (a) Polymers are very large molecules made when many smaller molecules
join together, end to end. The smaller molecules are called monomers.
The process of small monomers joining together is called polymerisation.
There are two types of polymerisation.
(i)Monomer A undergoes addition polymerisation. Complete the table. [2]
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 9

(ii) Monomers B and C can undergo a condensation reaction.

Complete the diagram by showing how these two molecules join together
forming two products. [2]

(iii) Explain using monomers B and C, the principles of condensation polymerisation

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
[4]
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 10

(b) Manufacturers produce soft drinks they package the same product in different
materials. Each type of disposable drink container has an environmental impact.
Scientists carried out a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for three different
disposable drinks containers. The table shows some information from the Life
Cycle Assessment.
Plastic bottle Glass bottle Aluminum can
(PET)
Raw material(s) petroleum sand, sodium bauxite
carbonate and
limestone

Mass of carbon
dioxide emitted per 142 226 168
container during
production (g)
Mass of 330 ml
container (g) 11 200 24
(mass impacts on
truckload size and
therefore fuel use)
Recycling 25% recycled into 40 % recycled into 70 % recycled into
new bottles new bottles new cans

75% recycled into no degradation of no degradation of

other products properties properties
such as wheelie therefore therefore
bins and eco- can be recycled can be recycled
fleece due to indefinitely indefinitely
degradation in
properties
Time to break 400 years 400 years 80 years
down
in the environment

Use the information from the table to state which material in your opinion has the
least environmental impact.
Give three pieces of evidence to support your choice.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 11

………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………[3]
6 But-1-ene is a typical alkene. It has the structural formula shown below.

The structural formula of cyclobutane is given below.

(a)These two hydrocarbons are isomers.

(i)Define the term isomer.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(ii)Draw the structural formula of another isomer of but-1-ene.

[1]
(iii) Describe a test which would distinguish between but-1-ene and cyclobutane.
reagent ………………………………………………………………………………...
result with but-1-ene …………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
result with cyclobutane ……………………………………………………………..
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 12

………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
(b)Describe how alkenes, such as but-1-ene, can be made from alkanes.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
(c)Name the product formed when but-1-ene reacts with:
bromine, …………………………………………………………………………… [1]
hydrogen, …………………………………………………………………………. [1]
steam ………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
7. Ethanoic acid is a colourless liquid at room temperature. It has typical
acid properties and forms compound called ethanoates.
(a)A pure sample of ethanoic acid is slowly heated from its
temperature is measured every minute. The results are represented on the
graph below.

(i)Name the change that occurs in the region D to E

…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
 GRADE -10 CHEMISTRY PAPER-42 13

(ii)What would be the difference in the region B to C if an impure sample had been
used?
………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(iii)Sketch on the graph how the line would continue if the acid was heated to a
higher temperature. [1]
(iv)Complete the following table that compares the separation and movement of
The molecules in regions C to D with those in E to F
C to D E to F
Separation ( distance
between particles) ………………………….. …………………………..

Movement of particles random and slow …………………………..

…………………………..

Can particles move apart

to fill any volume? ………………………….. …………………………..

[5]
(b)Complete the word equations for the reactions of ethanoic acid.
calcium + ethanoic acid …………………………………………..
+ ……………………………………………
…………………... + ethanoic acid zinc ethanoate + water [2]
(c)Write the symbol equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium
hydroxide.
…………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]