Cleaner Production

GPCB
GPCB - Gujarat Pollution Control Board, was constituted by Government of Gujarat on 15th
October, 1974 in accordance with the provision of the Water Act, 1974.
GPCB being the chief regulator for implementation of environmental protection and pollution
control in the State, plays an important role in securing sustainable development by enforcing
various laws, rules, regulations notifications etc. pertaining to prevention and control of pollution.
It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment
and Forests of the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

GCPC
Gujarat Cleaner Production Centre (GCPC) is an Environmental Information System (ENVIS)
Centre working on Cleaner Production and Technology since year 2003 under Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.
The main objective of GCPC is,

 To create awareness on Cleaner Production.

 To provide cost effective training to industrial personnel’s on Cleaner Production
Assessment and Implementation.
 To conduct CP/CT Assessment Projects in different industries of various industrial
sectors in Gujarat.
 To develop expertise and provide consultancy / advisory services on Cleaner
Production.
 To prepare guidelines and manuals preferably in local language on Cleaner
Production.
 To promote Local Cleaner Production centers.
 To assist Government in framing the policy for CP/CT promotion.

MoEF
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is the nodal agency in the
administrative structure of the Central Government for the planning, promotion, co-ordination
and overseeing the implementation of India's environmental and forestry policies and
programmes.
The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of
India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas; prevention and control of pollution.

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The licensing authority to issue certification for import and export of hazardous wastes.

EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the likely environmental
impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic,
cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
The long term aim of EIA is to promote sustainable development by ensuring that development
proposals do not undermine critical resource and ecological functions or the well being, lifestyle
and livelihood of the communities and peoples who depend on them.

EMS
An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a framework that helps an organization
achieve its environmental goals through consistent review, evaluation, and improvement
of its environmental performance.
ISO 14001 - It is an internationally agreed standard that sets out the requirements for an
environmental management system. It helps organizations improve their environmental
performance through more efficient use of resources and reduction of waste, gaining a
competitive advantage and the trust of stakeholders.
The main objectives of the environmental management system are to prevent pollution, meet
compliance obligations and enhance conditions of the environment. sound alternatives
that strengthen the organization's market position; - communicating environmental information
to relevant interested parties.

ETP
Effluent Treatment Plant is a process design for treating the industrial waste water for its reuse
or safe disposal to the environment.
ETP is to clean industry effluent and recycle it for further use, reduce the usage of fresh/potable
water in Industries, cut expenditure on water procurement and also to meet the Standards for
emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various Industries.

CETP
Common effluent treatment plants have been installed and are in operation at numerous
industrial clusters. They serve to reduce effluent treatment cost, provide better collective
treatment, and reduce land cost for small-scale industrial facilities that cannot afford individual
treatment plants. Optimum working conditions for treatment of effluent to be at par with
discharge standards is a major mandate for any CETP.

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ISO
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is an independent, non-governmental,
international organization that develops standards to ensure the quality, safety, and efficiency of
products, services, and systems.
It is a global organization that works to provide standardization across an array of products and
companies. Its main goal is to facilitate trade, but its focus is on process improvement, safety,
and quality in several areas.
ISO standards provide a strong basis for the development of national and international
regulation, helping save time and reduce barriers to international trade.
Eg. ISO 14001 is an internationally agreed standard that sets out the requirements for an
environmental management system. It helps organizations improve their environmental
performance through more efficient use of resources and reduction of waste, gaining a
competitive advantage and the trust of stakeholders.

NBA and NAAC

The National Board of Accreditation is one of the two major bodies responsible for accreditation
of higher education institutions in India, along with the National Assessment and Accreditation
Council.
The purpose of the accreditation by NBA is to promote and recognize excellence in
technical education in colleges and universities - at both the undergraduate and post
graduate levels.
NAAC certifies institutions whereas NBA accredits the programs run by the institutions. 
An engineering college that has NBA accreditation, carries the stamp of recognition for its
education quality assurance both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. Colleges are
periodically evaluated for stringent NBA accreditation criteria with the purpose that they are on
par with international best practices.

NIRF
The National Institutional Ranking Framework was approved by the MHRD and launched by
Honourable Minister of Human Resource Development on 29th September 2015. This
framework outlines a methodology to rank institutions across the country.
In order to be ranked, all education institutions are assessed on five parameters: teaching,
learning and resources, research and professional practices, graduation outcomes,
outreach and inclusivity, and perception.

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Carbon Credit
According to the Corporate Credit Institute, a carbon credit is a tradable permit or certificate
that provides the holder of the credit the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide or an
equivalent of another greenhouse gas.
If a project can quantifiably and repeatedly produce less greenhouse gases than the current
alternative, it will be eligible to earn Carbon Credits. For example, replacing a coal plant with a
planned life of 30 years with a solar farm after year 5 would avoid 25 years of coal emissions.
A carbon credit represents a direct investment in the transition to a low-carbon economy. By
purchasing carbon credits, you help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, working to keep
the planet at a stable climate for all of us.

Water audit
A water audit is a study of the water use of an entity. It starts at the point where water enters the
premises and goes up to the point where the waste water is discharged, critically examining all
aspects of use.
The audit establishes the quantity/volume of water being used, wastage if any, leakages
existing, excess use etc.
It also concentrates on the reuse and recycling of water, evaluation of raw water intake,
balancing of water table & other sources
Conducting a water audit involves calculating water balance, water use and identifying ways for
saving water.

Safety audit
The objective of this audit is to establish the level of compliance with Indian standards and other
statutory norms and regulations.
Workers &employee are the basic need of industry. Health and safety of those is well
considered in audit. Proper disposal of toxic and hazardous waste, fire prevention measures
etc. should be evaluated. Factories Act, 1948 (Section 7A) makes the occupier responsible for
providing a safe working environment for the employees. Safety audit is one method of
evaluating the safe environment provided in the plant.
ISO 18001 and 45001 is the world's international standard for occupational health and safety,
issued to protect employees and visitors from work-related accidents and diseases.
The main difference between the two standards is ISO 45001 takes a proactive approach that
requires hazard risks to be evaluated and remedied before they cause accidents and injuries,
while OHSAS 18001 takes a reactive approach that focuses solely on risks and not solutions.

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Environment audit
Environmental audits are systematic and objective assessments of the environmental status
and performance of properties, facilities, processes, and/or operations.
ISO 14001 provides requirements with guidance for use that relate to environmental systems.
It helps in Preparation of Environmental management plan, Assessment of environmental input
and risks, Identifying areas of strength and weakness for improvements, Evaluation of pollution
control, Verification of compliance with laws etc.
Energy audit
It examines consumption of various forms of energy in different processes in any industry or
organization.
The main goal of audit is minimization, elimination of avoidable losses of valuable energy & their
conservation.
ISO 50001 provides a framework of requirements for organizations to Develop a policy for more
efficient use of energy, fix targets and objectives to meet the policy, use data to better
understand and make decisions about energy use etc.

Dematerialization
Dematerialisation is defined by UNEP as “the reduction of total material and energy throughput
of any product and service, and thus the limitation of its environmental impact.
Dematerialization is defined as the reduction of the quantities of materials needed to serve an
economic function, or the decline over time in the mass of materials used in industrial end
products.

Industrial Ecology
Industrial Ecology (IE) is a field of study focused on the stages of the production processes of
goods and services from a point of view of nature, trying to mimic a natural system by
conserving and reusing resources.
Industrial ecology conceptualises industry as a man-made ecosystem that operates in a similar
way to natural ecosystems, where the waste or by product of one process is used as an input
into another process.
Create industrial ecosystems - close the loop; view waste as a resource; create partnerships
with other industries to trade by-products which are used as inputs to other processes.
Example: Reusing cork from wine bottles for use in shoe soles, flooring tiles, building insulation,
automotive gaskets, craft materials, and soil conditioner.
Example: Plant based plastic packaging that is 100% recyclable and environmentally friendly.

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Factor 4 and Factor 10
Factor 4
The goal of being twice as productive with half the resources (materials and energy), leading to
a factor 4 improvement in efficiency. Alternatively, practices which are just as productive with
1/4 of the resources or 4 times as effective with the same resources also count.
Factor 10
Factor 10 states that over the next 30 to 50 years (one generation) a decrease in energy use
and material flows by a factor of 10 and an increase in resource productivity/efficiency by a
factor of 10 is required to achieve dematerialisation. That is, to attain sustainability and
environmental protection we need to reduce resource turn over by 90% on a global scale, within
the next 50 years.