Network Operating Systems and Services (NOSS)

(ACCA5023)
Worksheet 4
ROUTING AND PACKET FILTERING WITHIN CORE
TCP/IP SERVICES AND CRITICAL
FAILOVER/REDUNDANCY PRACTICES
Introduction
Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) is a Microsoft API and server software that makes it
possible to create applications to administer the routing and remote access service capabilities of the
operating system to function as a network router. Developers can also use RRAS to implement routing
protocols. RRAS can be used to create client applications. The RRAS enables the network admin to
monitor the status and availability of computers running windows. The RRAS supports remote user or
site-to-site connectivity by using virtual private network or dial-up connections.

Role of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

This is a networking protocol in the network layer of the OSI model that helps in finding Media Access
Control (MAC) address given the system’s IP address. Its major function is to convert the 32-bit IP
address to a 48-bit MAC address (for IPV4) thus used to determine the hardware MAC address of a
device from an IP address. ARPs can be of different types such as Proxy ARP, Reverse ARP, Inverse
ARP or Gratuitious ARP.
Routing Tables on the other hand, is a data table stored in a router or a network host that lists all the
routes to particular network destinations and in other cases associating the routes with their distances.
The routing table contains information about the topology of the network immediately around it.

The Role of Firewalls (Software)

In network operating systems firewalls acts as a barrier to filter between the organization computer
systems and other networks like the internet. They are used to monitor all the attempts of gaining access
to the operating system and blocks all the unwanted traffic or unrecognized sources/users.

Task 1: Utilizing ARP and Routing Tables

An ARP table is the method for finding a host’s link layer MAC address when only its IP address is
known. The table is used to maintain the correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP
address.
Routing table is a set of rules which are often viewed in table format that is used to determine where data
packets travelling over an internet Protocol (IP) network will be directed . all IP-enabled devices such as
routers and switches use routing tables.

Command window showing the Address Resolution Protocol in a network.

Interface for IPV4 Route Table of a network.

Task 2: Remote access to Server from Client

Remote access is the ability for an authorized person to access a computer or a network. This service
connects a client to a host computer referred to as remote access server. To be able to accomplish this
task, first they will need to install the remote access role. After a remote access role is installed they will
then have to configure the deployment type as Direct Access and VPN, Direct Access only or VPN only.
The next step will be to configure the remote access server with the security groups that contain Direct
Access clients. The next step will be to configure the remote access server settings which will be followed
by configuring the infrastructure servers that are used in the organization. This will be followed by
configuring the application servers to require authentication and encryption which will be finalized by
viewing the Remote Access configuration summery and modifying the GPOs if desired.

Interface window of Remote Desktop Services overview during remote access configuration process.
Interface window for adding roles and features of remote access services during installation process.

Deployment interface for the remote access roles and features.

Interface window showing the remote roles and features configuration progress.

Remote Access to the Server

For the client user to be able to access the server services, they have to access the server interface on
any preferred browser through the path provided by the domain network admins. After which, to provide
the correct credentials (Username and Password) to logon to the server as shown in the figures below.

Window interface for Remote and Desktop Connections to the server.

Interface window for logging onto the domain server.

Task 3: Installing and configuring the Routing and Remote Access Service
To successfully install and configure routing and remote access services on a server, they will have to
first open the server manager and from the server manger dashboard, select manage and then Add
Roles and Features. After selecting the service click next to open the Server Roles Window then select
the Remote Access checkbox and click Next until the Select Role Service page is displayed. On this page
select Routing where additional required components will be installed after they are done installing, click
Ok to confirm and finish.

Task 4: IP Packet Filtering

Packet filtering is the process of controlling access to a given network which is done mainly by analyzing
the incoming and outgoing packets and allowing them either to pass or be blocked depending on the IP
address of the packet source and destination. IP Packet filtering is the most basic form of packet filtering
through a simple interface. IP filtering lets you specify which TCP and UDP ports to permit access to on
the server and also allows you to limit access to specific IP protocols.
To configure IP packet filtering, the admins can use the default windows defender application to effect
access control to the domain network.
The figure below shows how this can be done.
Observational Tasks
NB: You should use a proper referencing style here when submitting your answers.
Observational Task 3

3 a) How do Router’s reference which networks they are able to connect to?
Observational Tasks 5