Review of literature

• Different authors have defined attitude, however, the elements that constitute thesedefinitions,
are similar and complementary. Attitude is the degree or extent to which anindividual like or
dislike something. Attitude is defined as the predisposition to respondin a general favourable or
unfavourable manner with respect to the object of attitude. Ajzen {1987}.According to Allport
cited in
Banu {1984} an attitude is a mental neural state of readiness, organized through experience
exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individual`s response to all objects and
situations with which it is related.

• A study conducted by Shaik Karim and E.Lokandha Reddy , {2014}in AndhraPradesh

observed that there exist a positive image of the entrepreneur and entrepreneur ranked third
as profession. In this study the attitude of the students measured by using the variables likes
perception of desirability, feasibility,Entrepreneur`s image, intention etc. Herethe researchers
found students consider that create a firm at present is more difficult than past decade.

• The study conducted byDr. Mohsin Shaikh,{2012}

found the educational background of the students influence the intention of students to become
an entrepreneur. He also recognizes age, autonomy, independence, self efficiency and ownership
have a greater influence on the intention to start venture. Another finding is that the likelihood of
venturing intoEntrepreneurship decrease whiles the level of education increases.

• According to Ammani Ammal and Dr. Malarmathi [2014]positiveattitude towards an

entrepreneurial career depends up on the personal experience or the
family background. This study also reveals that the attitude in respect of entrepreneurshipCan
influence by encouraging and training the students.

• Leonidas A ZampetakisAfrodite Anagnostiand

Stelios Rozakais[2013]reported that students` attitudes towards entrepreneurship are related
to their intentionto start business and behavioural control is a strong predictor of intention.This
studyinvestigated the role of anticipated emotional ambivalence in students’ entr
epreneurial intentand found anticipated emotions negatively affect entrepreneurial intent
through perceived behavioural control.

• Ezekiel Obembe, Oluyinka Otesile, and

Idy Ukpong [2014]conducted astudy of Cyprus universities.This study emphasis that capital,
university education,survivaland familiarity are affects students’
Entrepreneurial perception and concluded that the
entrepreneurial students’perception is gender free.

• Warren Byabashija, Issac Katono,andRobert Isbalija

[2010]conductedstudy reveals that the educations provided by college are insufficient.Also
reveals thestudents do not interested to become an entrepreneur because the family and friends
do notexpect students to go into business after graduation

• According to Sofia Karali [2013]

students, Who attended an entrepreneurshipeducation have higher entrepreneurial intention
and the participants in education programmehave change in their attitude after education
programme.

• Nikolous and Luthje (2004), in their study compared the entrepreneurial intention of students
of two German universities. The three constructs used for the study were attitude towards
being self- employed, willingness to take risks need for independence and locus of control. The
findings indicate that student’s entrepreneurial intention are stronger and more ambitious in
terms of business
growth.

• Thompson (2004), highlighted that if the attitude compliments the intention then it would lead
to strengthen the entrepreneurial qualities. The intention therefore is a necessary component of
entrepreneurial activity.

• Evan D (2005), investigated the role of entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial

self-efficacy on an individual’s intention to engage in entrepreneurial behaviour. The result
found that individuals who prefer more income, more independence and more ownership have
high entrepreneurship intentions. The study found no relationship between risk prosperity and
entrepreneurial intentions.

• Fitzsimmons and Douglas (2005) found evidence that attitudes to ownership, independence
and income were related to the individual’s intention to engage in entrepreneurial behaviour

• Veciano and urbano (2005), states that presence of entrepreneur in the family or among
relatives could foster the intention to create a new venture..

• Ferrante and Sabatini (2007), they casted a strong light on the connection between educational
background and the ability to perform and build intentional behaviour. They constructed that
educational attainment should reveal the cognitive abilities possessed by individuals.

• Souitaris, Zerbinati and Andreas (2007), found that entrepreneurship education stimulates
students subjective norms and intention towards entrepreneurship by providing them with
knowledge, skills and sense of beliefs that inspire them to choose entrepreneurship as a career.

• Grid et al (2008), have tested theory of planned behaviour as a predictor of entrepreneurial

intention among final year students of commerce at two universities in the Western Cape. Of all
the predictors of entrepreneurial intention examined in the study. Personal traits, demographic
factors and situational factors did not add significantly to the variance explained by theory of
planned behaviour.

• Stella (2008), states that family and society background, experience had a significant influence
of students towards entrepreneurship.

• Basu and Virik (2008), found that entrepreneurship education improves attitudes of students
towards entrepreneurship.

• Potter (2008), the role of entrepreneurship education has been called for as one of the key
instruments to increase the entrepreneurial attitudes of people. Thus, educational initiatives
have been considered as highly promising to making more people aware and interested on this
career option and making more people try to start a new venture.

• GEM (global entrepreneurship monitor) (2010), entrepreneurship education should eventually

be viewed as an intention to create jobs, to drive and shape innovativeness and to stimulate
economic growth

• Zain, Akram and Ghani (2010), found that majority of the students had an intention to become
entrepreneurs after going through the entrepreneurship programme.

• Karhunen et al. (2011), states that business requires a great investment of time, resources and
commitment which is bound to have an impact on one’s attitude.

• Ahmed et al (2012), desirability and feasibility will integrate to drive a potential and an intention
towards a new venture

• Gerba (2012), entrepreneurship education is viewed as a means of developing entrepreneurial

skills in people, which skills manifest through creative strategies innovative tactics and
courageous leadership

• Ediagbanya (2013), states that entrepreneurship education positively affected the attitudes
of students. It develop their skills, knowledge and they successfully engage in entrepreneurship
activities.

• Mapfaira and setibi (2014), found that there are some poor attitude of students towards
entrepreneurship because of lack of technical support, difficulty in accessing finance etc.

• Saeed s (2015), had hypothesized that the support of perceived education, concept
development, shaped students entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The findings displayed that
perceived educational support employed the maximum influence on entrepreneurial self-efficacy,
trailed by concept development, business development and institutional supports. The findings
suggested that holistic perspective provides more meaningful understandings of the role of
professed university support in the formation of student’s entrepreneurial intention.

• Magdalena Raczynska, Adam krystian Wisniewski (2016), the study shows that entrepreneurial
attitudes among students research results. The research shows that most of the respondents
thought of themselves an entrepreneurial and reason behind so many respondents thinking
about opening their own fir was because they believed their own business could give them
bigger earnings than working regular full time job

• Fasla N P (2017), the study revealed that most of the students are of the opinion that are
entrepreneurship is good. The present management education system does not focus on
entrepreneurship development.

• S.Arunkumar, J Jose prabhu, S Divya, V sangari, S nandhini, R prasanna, S,Prakash (2018), tried
to analyse how an individual’s entrepreneurship attitude differs from others. The study revealed
the overall student’s attitude towards entrepreneurship and it influence positive attitude.
The researchers suggested the academic institution should encourage students to consider
entrepreneurship and they will run their own business to have more flexibility in their personal
and family life