ACP036-RP-ST-004 - Lashing Calculation Report - Rev A

Report Number: ACP036-RP-ST-004_Rev A 22 April 2022
Pipe Transportation on MV EVA BULKER
Lashing Calculation Report
Restricted to: Ark2tech & Its Client
Prepared for: Prepared by:
M Chakradhar Thomas Stephen

General Manager - shipping & Logistics Director, Engineering
Welspun Corp Limited Ark2Tech Consultants Pvt. Limited

Mumbai, India 9/60, Palace Road, Bank Junction Aluva, 683 101,
Cochin, Kerala, India 686574
Mob: 9167117175 Tel/Fax: + 91 484 401 4744 (India)

Mobile : + 91 9061 630 625 (India- Thomas Stephen)
Email : m_chakradhar@welspun.com E-mail: thomas.stephen@ark2tech.com

Website: www.welspun.com Website: www.ark2tech.com
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Report Number: ACP36-RP-ST-004_ Lashing Calculation Report
Revision: 0
Distribution
Name Company
M Chakradhar Welspun Corp Limited
Revision details
Revision Description Prepared by
Tomin Mathew
A Issued for comments
Structural Engineer
Report approval
Revision Checked by Approved by Date
Neethu Narayanan Thomas Stephen
A 22 April 2022
Lead Structural Engineer Director (Engineering)
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Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Scope................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Units ................................................................................................................................................. 4
2 References ................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Transportation Vessel & Cargo Details ...................................................................................... 6
3.1 Vessel Details .................................................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Cargo Details ................................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Lashing Plan .................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Assumptions.................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Default Motion Criteria & Deviation from Default Motion Criteria ............................................... 8
4.3 Design Wave Height of the Vessel & Limiting Weather Criteria for the Voyage ...................... 10
4.4 Friction Coefficient........................................................................................................................ 10
5 Calculation & Results .................................................................................................................12
5.1 Calculation for Roll, Pitch & +Heave Loading and Check for Sliding ....................................... 12
5.2 Calculation for Roll, Pitch & -Heave Loading and Check for Sliding ........................................ 13
5.3 Calculation for -Roll, -Pitch & +Heave Loading and Check for Sliding .................................... 14
5.4 Calculation for -Roll, -Pitch & -Heave Loading and Check for Sliding ..................................... 15
5.5 Notes on Roll & Heave Motions ................................................................................................... 16
5.6 Factor of Safety Against Sliding for Pitch & Heave Loading (X dir) ......................................... 16
5.7 Horizontal Force Calculation for Bundle 3 (Roll & Heave Loading) .......................................... 16
APPENDIX A – VESSEL GA DRAWINGS .............................................................................................17
APPENDIX B – VOYAGE WEATHER FORECAST ...............................................................................18
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1 Introduction
Welspun Corp Limited Contracted Ark2Tech to perform lashing calculation for the pipes and bends
transportation on vessel MV EVA BULKER. The stowage plan provided by the client is shown below.
Figure 1: Stowage Plan
1.1 Scope
The scope of this report is to provide lashing calculation for the pipe transportation for the anticipated loads
during transit from Mundra port, India to one of the Southeast Asian locations.
1.2 Units
SI units are used in this report
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2 References
This report is prepared in accordance with the following reference codes/standards, project documents and
drawing:
1. AISC ASD 9th Edition – Allowable Stress Design
2. Stowage plan provided by the client
3. Vessel main deck aft and frame cross sectional drawings provided by the client.
4. Default motion criteria – ABL
5. GA of the vessel provided by the client
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3 Transportation Vessel & Cargo Details
3.1 Vessel Details

Over all dimensions of the vessels are given in below table. Vessel GA is shown in Appendix A
Length Overall 184.75 m
Length between PP 177.00 m
Breadth (Moulded) 30.60 m
Depth (Moulded) 14.50 m
Design Draft 9.55 m
Scantling Draft 10.00 m
Deadweight @ Design Draft 38140 MT
Transit Draft (Mid) 7.12 m
Table 1: Vessel Particulars
3.2 Cargo Details

The information of cargo pipes is given below.
Length of each pipe piece : 12.3 m
OD of the pipes : 26”
Thickness of the pipe : 19.7 mm
Weight of pipe : 3.83 MT/Pipe
Total Pipe cargo weight : 20950 MT
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3.3 Lashing Plan

Olympic lashing is used as shown in the below figure using 3 bundles and 3 layers.
Figure 2: Olympic Lashing Arrangement
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4 Methodology
4.1 Assumptions
Below are the major assumptions considered in the analysis,
• The major loading on to the cargo comes from the roll, pitch and heave motions of the vessel.
• Only the lashing check is considered in the current study.
• The vertical and horizontal loads from the vessel motion will be analyzed for the top 3 layers and
ensured that lashing is sufficient or not.
• Even though Olympic lashing is used, as a conservative approach, in the calculation it will be
considered as 3 separate bundles as shown in the below figure.
Bundle 1 Bundle 2 Bundle 3
Figure 3: Top 3 Layer Bundle Arrangement

• The bundle on the edge will be critical for roll motion loading which is bundle 3 with 9/10 nos of
pipes clubbed together. Cargo hold 3 is considered for calculation.
• For pitch motion either Bundle 3 or Bundle 2 can be considered critical which are placed in Cargo
Hold 1 which is farthest from the LCF of the vessel.
4.2 Default Motion Criteria & Deviation from Default Motion Criteria
Based on conventional approach of MWS projects, for the vessel of this size can be associated
with the below default motion criteria which is 20 degree roll and 10 degree pitch both associated
with 10s period and 0.2g for heave.
Table 2: Default Motion Criteria

However, a detailed calculation of the pitch amplitude and pitch period is carried out as per DNV-
GL Ship Rules which is given below.
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The draft of the vessel for transportation is 8.44m. The scantling draft of the vessel is 10.15m.
Therefore, the factor fT= 7.12/10.0= 0.712

Substituting the above values, we get Pitch Period as 11.02 s
Maximum Pitch Amplitude = 11.873 degrees
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4.3 Design Wave Height of the Vessel & Limiting Weather Criteria for the Voyage
From empirical relations, the design wave height of the vessel can be estimated as
Design Wave Height = 0.61*L^0.5 = 8.29m (Ref Given Below)
Corresponding Hs = 8.29/1.86 = 4.46 m
Limiting weather criteria for the voyage is taken as 2.7m Hs. See Appendix C for voyage weather forecast.
Assuming that the maximum pitch angle is corresponding to design wave Hs, the pitch angle for 2.7m Hs
is reduced linearly by a factor of 2.7/4.46 = 0.605
Therefore, revised pitch amplitude is taken as 0.605 x 11.873 degrees = 7.18 degrees
4.4 Friction Coefficient

Friction coefficient of 0.3 is assumed for steel – rope dunnage contact as per below table
Table 3: Friction Coefficient

The above coefficient is chosen since uncoated steel to uncoated steel friction coefficient and polypropylene
coated pipe to polypropylene coated pipe friction value are the same. Therefore, polypropylene coated pipe
to rope dunnage friction coefficient is used for uncoated steel to rope dunnage case as well. Please see
below stacking of pipes on to the vessel using rope dunnage.
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Figure 4: Pipe stacking using Nylon ratchet lashing belts

It is also assumed that one pipe is supported by 2 pipes below in 2 contact points as shown below
φ
R2
R1
From the above FBD, R1=R2 and R1 cos φ = W/2

Solving the above, we get R1=R2=0.58W
Total frictional resistance = frictional coefficient x (R1+R2) = 1.16W
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5 Calculation & Results
5.1 Calculation for Roll, Pitch & +Heave Loading and Check for Sliding
From figure 3, Bundle 3 is considered as the worst case scenario for the motion loads.
Depth of the vessel : 14.5 m
Draft of the vessel : 7.12 m
Vertical distance from waterline to Bundle 3 COG : 5.2 m
Horizontal distance from CL to Bundle 3 COG (for Roll) : 7.5 m
Horizontal distance from mid ship to Bundle 3 in Hold 1 COG (for Pitch): 66 m
TRANSPORTATION
POSITION OF CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF BUNDLE 3
WITH RESPECT TO CENTRE OF ROTATION OF VESSEL :
ROLL 20 deg X1 66 m
PITCH 7.18 deg Y1 7.5 m
HEAVE 0.2 g Z1 5.2 m
TIME PERIOD 11.02 sec
VERTICAL
CASE DUE TO HORIZONTAL LOAD LOAD
FACTOR FACTOR
X Y Z
Pitch Pitch 0.02 0.27
Heave 0.02 0.20
Self Weight 0.12 0.99
Total 0.17 1.46
Roll Roll 0.06 0.09
Heave 0.07 0.19
0.47 1.21
Friction Coefficient Assumed for Steel - Rope Dunnage 0.3

Horizontal acceleration (X Dir) due to Pitch + Heave 0.17 g
Horizontal acceleration (Y Dir) due to Roll + Heave 0.47 g
Vertical Acceleration (Z Dir) due to Pitch + Heave 1.46 g
Vertical Acceleration (Z Dir) due to Roll + Heave 1.21 g
Friction Resistance for Pitch + Heave Condition (X Dir) 0.510 g

Friction Resistance for Roll + Heave Condition (Y Dir) 0.423 g
FOS Obtained for Pitch Motion 2.97
From the above calculation, it can be seen that that the frictional resistance itself is sufficient for arresting
the longitudinal movement of the pipes (for Pitch + Heave Loading)
However, Roll + Heave Motions cannot be resisted by friction alone. Please see section 5.5 for justification
for Roll + Heave motions.
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5.2 Calculation for Roll, Pitch & -Heave Loading and Check for Sliding
TRANSPORTATION
ROLL 20 deg X1 66 m
PITCH 7.18 deg Y1 7.5 m
HEAVE -0.2 g Z1 5.2 m
VERTICA
CASE DUE TO HORIZONTAL LOAD L LOAD
FACTOR FACTOR
X Y Z
Pitch Pitch 0.02 0.27
Heave -0.02 -0.20
Total 0.12 1.07
Roll Roll 0.06 0.09
Heave -0.07 -0.19
0.33 0.84
Horizontal acceleration (X Dir) due to Pitch - Heave 0.12 g
Horizontal acceleration (Y Dir) due to Roll - Heave 0.33 g
Vertical Acceleration (Z Dir) due to Pitch - Heave 1.07 g
Vertical Acceleration (Z Dir) due to Roll - Heave 0.84 g
Friction Resistance for Pitch - Heave Condition (X Dir) 0.372 g

Friction Resistance for Roll - Heave Condition (Y Dir) 0.292 g
the longitudinal movement of the pipes (for Pitch - Heave Loading)
However, Roll - Heave Motions cannot be resisted by friction alone. Please see section 5.5 for justification
for Roll – Heave motions
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5.3 Calculation for -Roll, -Pitch & +Heave Loading and Check for Sliding
TRANSPORTATION
ROLL -20 deg X1 66 m

PITCH -7.18 deg Y1 7.5 m
HEAVE 0.2 g Z1 5.2 m
VERTICAL
CASE DUE TO HORIZONTAL LOAD LOAD
FACTOR FACTOR
X Y Z
Pitch Pitch -0.02 -0.27
Heave -0.02 0.20
Self Weight -0.12 0.99
Total -0.17 0.92
Roll Roll -0.06 -0.09
Heave -0.07 0.19
-0.47 1.04


the longitudinal movement of the pipes (for -Pitch + Heave Loading)
However, -Roll + Heave Motions cannot be resisted by friction alone. Please see section 5.5 for justification
for -Roll + Heave motions
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5.4 Calculation for -Roll, -Pitch & -Heave Loading and Check for Sliding
TRANSPORTATION
ROLL -20 deg X1 66 m

PITCH -7.18 deg Y1 7.5 m
HEAVE -0.2 g Z1 5.2 m
VERTICA
CASE DUE TO HORIZONTAL LOAD L LOAD
FACTOR FACTOR
X Y Z
Pitch Pitch -0.02 -0.27
Heave 0.02 -0.20
Total -0.12 0.52
Roll Roll -0.06 -0.09
Heave 0.07 -0.19
-0.33 0.66


the longitudinal movement of the pipes (for -Pitch + Heave Loading)
However, -Roll - Heave Motions cannot be resisted by friction alone. Please see section 5.5 for justification
for -Roll - Heave motions
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5.5 Notes on Roll & Heave Motions

From calculations in section 5.1 through 5.4, it can be seen that the friction alone will not be able to
sufficiently resist the Y dir movement from Roll & Heave Motions (4Nos)
However, from the below free body diagram, apart from friction in the transverse direction the pipes are
supported by the side shell itself and from the pipes at the bottom. Woods are used for chocking and shoring
and there is no loose space in the transverse direction. So, any horizontal loads will be directly transferred
to the ship hull and pipes below.
Y dir Loads from
Roll & Heave
Motion
Support from
Self Weight Ship Side
Figure 5: Pipe stacking using rope dunnage Support from

Pipes Below
5.6 Factor of Safety Against Sliding for Pitch & Heave Loading (X dir)
From the calculation shown in Section 4.3, the following FOS is obtained
FOS against sliding for Pitch+Heave loading : 0.510/0.17 = 2.97 (With only frictional Resistance)
FOS against sliding for Pitch-Heave loading : 0.372/0.12 = 3.06 (With only frictional Resistance)
FOS against sliding for -Pitch+Heave loading : 0.319/0.17 = 1.86 (With only frictional Resistance)
FOS against sliding for -Pitch-Heave loading : 0.181/0.12 = 1.49 (With only frictional Resistance)
5.7 Horizontal Force Calculation for Bundle 3 (Roll & Heave Loading)
Weight of one pipe : 3.83 MT
Number of pipes in Bundle 3 : 11 x 3 = 33
Maximum Horizontal Force on Bundle 3 (Roll+Heave) : 0.47*3.83*11*3 = 59.4 MT
Maximum Frictional Resistance (Roll+Heave) : 0.3*3.83*1.21*1.16*11*3 = 53.2 MT
Additional loads transferred to side shell (Roll-Heave) : 59.4 – 53.2 = 6.2 MT
Maximum Horizontal Force on Bundle 3 (Roll-Heave) : 0.33*3.83*11*3 = 41.7 MT
Maximum Frictional Resistance (Roll-Heave) : 0.3*3.83*0.86*11*3*1.16 = 36.95 MT
Additional loads transferred to side shell (Roll-Heave) : 41.7 – 36.95 = 4.75 MT
From the above calculation it can be seen that the maximum load transferred by bundle 3 on to the side
shell of the vessel is only 6.2 MT in Roll+Heave Condition. This loading is spread in an area of 12.2m x
1.8m in the side shell as the length of the pipe is 12.2m and 3 layers will have approx. 1.8m height.
As a worst case scenario, it can be assumed that all 3 bundle horizontal load is taken by side shell and
therefore, total loading can be as high as 6.2 MT x 3 = 18.6 MT spread over 12.2mx1.8m area.
The pipes can be supported by at least 5 frames. Each frame will be taking a load of approx. 3.72 MT
spread over a height of 1.8m. This loading is substantially low for ship of this size and displacement. This
is for the top 3 layer.
From the above it can be safely assumed that the stowage plan chosen for the transportation of pipelines
are adequate.
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APPENDIX A – VESSEL GA DRAWINGS
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APPENDIX B – VOYAGE WEATHER FORECAST
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Report Number: ACP036-RP-ST-004_Rev A 22 April 2022

Pipe Transportation on MV EVA BULKER

Lashing Calculation Report

Restricted to: Ark2tech & Its Client

Prepared for: Prepared by:

M Chakradhar Thomas Stephen

Welspun Corp Limited Ark2Tech Consultants Pvt. Limited

Mob: 9167117175 Tel/Fax: + 91 484 401 4744 (India)

Email : m_chakradhar@welspun.com E-mail: thomas.stephen@ark2tech.com

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Figure 1: Stowage Plan

3 Transportation Vessel & Cargo Details

3.1 Vessel Details

3.2 Cargo Details

3.3 Lashing Plan

Figure 2: Olympic Lashing Arrangement

Bundle 1 Bundle 2 Bundle 3

Figure 3: Top 3 Layer Bundle Arrangement

Table 2: Default Motion Criteria

Therefore, the factor fT= 7.12/10.0= 0.712

4.4 Friction Coefficient

Table 3: Friction Coefficient

Figure 4: Pipe stacking using Nylon ratchet lashing belts

From the above FBD, R1=R2 and R1 cos φ = W/2

5 Calculation & Results

Friction Coefficient Assumed for Steel - Rope Dunnage 0.3

Friction Resistance for Pitch + Heave Condition (X Dir) 0.510 g

Friction Resistance for Pitch - Heave Condition (X Dir) 0.372 g

ROLL -20 deg X1 66 m

Friction Coefficient Assumed for Steel - Rope Dunnage 0.3

Friction Resistance for Pitch - Heave Condition (X Dir) 0.319 g

ROLL -20 deg X1 66 m

Friction Coefficient Assumed for Steel - Rope Dunnage 0.3

Friction Resistance for Pitch - Heave Condition (X Dir) 0.181 g

5.5 Notes on Roll & Heave Motions

Figure 5: Pipe stacking using rope dunnage Support from

APPENDIX A – VESSEL GA DRAWINGS

APPENDIX B – VOYAGE WEATHER FORECAST

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