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1513074387paper5module40 Etext 2
1513074387paper5module40 Etext 2
Development Team
Prof. R. K. Kohli
Principal Investigator
& Prof. V. K. Garg & Prof. Ashok Dhawan
Co- Principal Investigator
Central University of Punjab, Bathinda
Pre-requisites
To understand the main challenges, solutions and strategies of water management
Objectives
Concept Map
Water Resource Management
2. Water Management
Water is one of the most crucial elements in developmental planning of any nation. Management of
water resource involves a set of policies and regulations; it is not merely a technical issue but requires
a mix of measures involving changes in policies, prices and other incentives along with infrastructure
and physical installations. It is an activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the
optimum use of water. Ideally, planning of water resource management consider all the competing
demands for water and seeks to allocate water on an equitable basis to assure all uses and demands.
Water conservation involves the strategies and activities that are used to manage water resources,
especially fresh water as a sustainable resource. Conservation aims at protecting the water
environment and its resources from negative impacts in order to make them to be able to meet current
and future demands, making them sustainable.
Mali, a country in North Africa is an arid area and involved many water projects. There are Community-
Managed Wells which are drilled by the government. However, one case showed how an initiative can fail
if women are not involved in planning. The Macina Wells project failed to incorporate an understanding of
gender roles and inequalities in project planning. Management of the wells was handed over to (male)
community leaders without consulting women in the planning of the new resource or its continued
management. Women were allocated cleaning tasks. The systems and equipment set up were impractical
for women, though they were the ones primarily responsible for collecting water from the well. As a
result, at peak times, women dismantled the equipment and went back to their old ways of collecting
water. Moreover, the men who were involved as caretakers failed to adequately fulfill their roles since
water and sanitation were seen as a women’s domain.
Fig. 1. Effect of Climate Change on Hydrological Cycle (Adapted From Ragab and Prudhomme, 2002).
water balance in different parts and quality of ground water along the coastal plains. Climate change is
likely to affect ground water due to changes in precipitation and evapo-transpiration. Rising sea levels
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References
Burton, Martin A., Sen, R., Walker, S. G., Jalakam, A., Ghosh, A., 2011. National Water Resources
Framework Study, Research Report Submitted to the Planning Commission for the 12th Five Year
Plan, September, New Delhi: Council on Energy, Environment and Water and 2030 Water
Resources Group, September.
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, 2011
(http://www.indiawaterportal.org/taxonomy/ term/10418)
FAO, 2013. Food Wastage Footprints. Sustainable Pathways. Rome, FAO. www.fao.org/fileadmin/
templates/nr/sustainability_pathways/docs/Factsheet_FOOD-WASTAGE.pdf
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Web link:
www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/investments/trackfin-summary. pdf
http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/2/e1500323/tab-figures-data
http://www.fao.org/3/a-aq444e.pdf
http://www.gwiwater.org/sites/default/files/pub/FUTURE%20WATER%20(IN)SECURITY..pdf
http://www.unccd.int/Lists/SiteDocumentLibrary/Publications/Desertificationandwater.pdf
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