Portfolio

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ASSIGNMENT 201 ………………………………. Pages 1 - 10

HAIRDRESSING SERVICES
THE STRUCTURE & ROLE OF SALON STAFF
MANAFACTURERS & SUPPLIERS
CAREER PATHWAYS
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNIIES/EDUCATION & TRAINING
CAREER GUIDE – CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HAIR INDUSTRY
TRANSFERRING TO SECTORS & INDUSTRIES/GOOD PRACTICES IN THE SALON
OPPORTUNITIES TO DEVELOP & PROMOOTE YOUR PERSONAL IMAGE
EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION SHEET
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
ASSIGNMENT 202 ………………...…….………. Pages 11 - 22
HEALTH & SAFETY PRACTICES IN THE SALON
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
WORKING REGULATIONS/MANUAL HANDLING OPERATIONS
CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH
ELECTRICITY AT WORK REGULATIONS/REPORTING INJURIES, DISEASES & DANGEROUS
OCCURRENCES (RIDDOR)
REPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS & EMPLOYEES
FIRES & EQUIPMENT
EMERGENCY EVACUATION/HAZARDS VS RISK
ASSIGNMENT 203 ……………………...………... Pages 23 –28
HAIR SERVICES
RECORD, REPORT & REFER
CONDUCTING TESTS
CLIENT’S RECORDS & CONFIDENTIALITY GUIDE
SKIN & HAIR STRUCTURE
ASSIGNMENT 204 ……………….…….………... Pages 29 – 36
SHAMPOO & CONDITIONER
HAIR & SCALP CONDITIONS
OILY SCALP
CHEMICALLY DAMAGED
HEAT DAMAGED
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT FOR SERVICES
MASSAGE TECHNIQUES
ASSIGNMENT 205 …………………….………... Pages 37 – 41
LEGISLATION AFFECTING SALES
HAIRCOLRING & AFTERCARE
SALON’S PRODUCTS & SERVICES GUIDE
CUTTING WOMEN’S HAIR
STYLE GUIDE
ASSIGNMENT 207 …………….……….………... Pages 45 – 53
COLOR & LIGHTEN HAIR
HAIR & SKIN TESTS
THE COLOR STAR WHEEL
INTERNATIONAL COLOR CHART
NATURAL HAIR
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS
DANGERS OF POWDER LIGHTENER INHALATION
COLORIING SERVICE PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT USED FOR COLORING/LIGHTENING HAIR
CORRECT USE MAINTENANCEOF TOOLS & EQUIPMENT
PRACTICAL OBSERVATION
PERM & NEUTRALIZE HAIR
HAIR TESTS
FACT SHEET
ASSIGNMENT 209 …………………….………... Page 60 - 65
THE ART OF DRESSING HAIR
STYLE GUIDE
ASSIGNMENT 203 …………………….……….. Pages
HAIRDRESSING SERVICES
When referring to the hairdressing industry, there are a few areas to consider. Hairdressing,
African type hairdressing and barbering. Each of these areas offers some general and
traditional services and some that are more specific to their area.
Hair & Scalp Treatment

Professional hair and scalp treatments are effective to
address multiple problems of the scalp and degrading hair
quality, including hair loss. These treatments work by tackling
the issues from the roots, promoting blood circulation and
revitalizing the follicles.
Hair Extensions
Artificial hair integrations, more commonly known as hair
extensions or hair weaves, add length and/or fullness to
human hair. Hair extensions are usually clipped, glued, or sewn on
natural hair by incorporating added human or synthetic hair.
Hair Styling
Hair styling is another beauty service offered. Hair styling responsibilities
include cleaning and cutting hair, offering hair care and hair
styling consultations among other roles.
Perming & Straightening

Hair perming works by using chemicals to change hair texture, either
creating waves or curls while hair straightening is a technique used to flatten
and/or straighten the hair to give it a smooth, streamlined, and sleek
appearance
Color Change & Color Correction

Color change occurs due to the presence of eumelanin, the color of the hair is
darker if it has a lot and lighter with less eumelanin. Levels of melanin can vary
over time causing a person's hair color to change and it is possible to have hair
follicles of more than one color on the same person. A color correction is a
professional technique used to correct undesirable results of an earlier hair
coloring.
Plaiting & Twisting
This technique is an African-Hairdressing technique used to style by
plaiting or twisting strands of the hair together to create beautiful styles /
patterns. This type of styling is highly recommended for hair growth.
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THE STRUCTURE & ROLE OF SALON STAFF
On entering the Hairdressing industry there are basics skills and services you are required
to learn to become a specialist in the area/field you love the most when you qualify.
Whether you choose Hairdressing, African Type Hairdressing or Barbering the structure and
role of the salon would be of the same standard. Therefore, the following must be learnt:
• How to work hygienically and safely.
• How to consult clients.
• How to shampoo and condition the hair and scalp
• How to create a positive impression of yourself within your organization.
• How promote products and services to your

The hair dressing industry has many types of organizations and opportunities. Throughout the journey it’s
important that you build good relationships and gain proper knowledge of the industry and how it works.
ORGANIZATIONS WITHIN THE HAIR INDUSTRY

Manufacturers
Suppliers
Salons
CAREER PATHWAYS WITHIN HAIRDRESSING SALONS AND THE HAIR INDUSTRY

Salon Owner
Sales & Marketing
Fashion, Media & Photography
Freelance Hairdresser
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Salon Hairdresser
Salon Stylist
Salon Manager/Owner
EDUCATION & TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES

Level 1 – Basic Qualification
Level 2 – Salon Stylist Qualification
Level 3 – Specialized/Experienced Salon Hairdresser Qualification
Level 4 – Supervisor/Manager Qualification
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MANUFACTURERS & SUPPLIERS
Manufacturers produce the necessary goods for a company’s or person’s sale

while suppliers are persons or organizations that supply something needed
such as a product or service. Things to consider are what the salon can afford
quality products, the advantages and disadvantages, payment security, delivery
times, originality of products and sales profit. Examples of manufacturers are:
John Paul Mitchell
Systems is an American largest cosmetics

manufacturer of hair company and produces
care products and hair color, skin care, sun
styling tools through protection, make-up,
L’Oréal S.A. is a French
several brands including perfume, and hair care.
personal care company
Paul Mitchell, Tea Tree,
headquartered in Clichy, (Since 1909)
and MITCH.
Hauts-de-Seine with a
registered office in Wella AG is a major
(Since 1880)
Paris. The world's German hair care
company headquartered Franz Ströher, it (Since 1880)
in Darmstadt, Germany. specializes in hair care,
Founded in 1880 by styling, and colorants.
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CAREER PATHWAYS
WITHIN THE SALON & IN THE HAIR INDUSTRY
The following chart shows career pathways within the hairdressing salon and the hair industry:
SHAMPOOIST, ASISSITANT/TRAINEE
SALON RECEPTIONIST
NEW QUALIFIED
HAIRDRESSER/BARBER
MOVE TO OTHER
EXPERIENCED COLOUR
INDUSTRIES AS A
STYLIST TECNICIAN
RECEPTIONIST
ARTISTIC DESIGNER
SALES REPRESENTATIVE
ASSISSTANT
FREELANCE HAIRDRESSER MANAGER
SALES REPRESENTATIVE
SALON OWNER
The hair industry can take you too many positions that will provide you with a sustainable
income and suitable lifestyle, but like most career s it requires that you work your way up
the food chain. Some of the opportunities provided in this industry are Salon Owner, Sales
& Marketing, Salon Trainer, Hospital/Home Care Hairdresser, Salon Hairdresser Salon
Receptionist, Color Technician, Cruise-liner Hairdresser, Salon Technician, Prison
Hairdresser, African Caribbean Hairdresser, Armed Forces Hairdresser.
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EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Salon Hairdresser - As of November 2019 the number of job openings for Salon
Hairdressers rose above average. Employment for this occupation rose strongly in the
past five years and rose moderately in the long term and employment for Salon
Hairdressers is expected to grow moderately.
Salon Stylist - A Salon Stylist collaborates with other professionals such as fashion
designers, photographers, photographic stylists, models to create hair designs
combining coloring, straightening, curling, volumizing effects and a range of distinctive
design finishes. The next four years, the job opening for Salon Stylists is expected to be
high.
Salon Manager/Owner - A Salon Manager/Owner manage the overall operations

of beauty therapy business, undertaking client contact and business responsibilities.
Within the next few years, job opportunities for Salon Managers stay high.
EDUCATION & TRAINING
If you are going to be a successful person in any industry, it is advisable that you keep
up with the changes. Although the hair industry is an expanding industry, we are
fortunate that we can access a range of education and training opportunities. In the
industry, qualifications come in various levels and cross over several sectors. Levels 1-3
are most popular, but recently a level 4 qualification has been available.
Level 1 – Basic Qualification

This level is basic qualification that will prepare you to aid in a salon and work with a team
effectively.
Level 2 – Stylist Qualification
This level prepares you to become a stylist. You will learn the basic hairdressing skills and
techniques needed to work in a salon efficiently but under supervision.
Level 3 – Specialized/Experienced Hairdresser Qualification

After being a hairdresser for a while, this level would enable you to gain more experience and
skills to become a specialized hairdresser.
Level 4 – Supervisor/Manager Qualification

When you have spent some time mastering you craft this level would prepare for a
supervisor/manager role in the workplace.
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TRANSFERRING SECTORS & INDUSTRIES
If you have hairdressing qualifications and/or experiences there are many opportunities
are provided for you to transfers to other sectors or industry including: hairdressing
salon, hotels, and spas, mobile hairdresser, training college and cruise ships. Industries
you could transfer to with hairdressing qualifications and further training in another field
are makeup and hair department in theatre, film or TV.
CHANGE CAREER
TRAIN TO BE A
TUTOR/ASESSOR/LECTURER
WORK IN GO
TV/THEARTRE
FREELANCE
GOOD PRACTICES IN THE SALON
 Gowns and towels should be washed after every client it was used.
 Work surfaces must be cleaned and sterilized thoroughly with spray disinfectant.
 Hair cutting must be swept up from the floor.
 Staff must be well presented, wear personal protective equipment and had good
personal hygiene
 Tools and equipment must be in good order, cleaned, sterilized, disinfected
and/or sanitized.
 Staff should remain productive.
 Due to COVID-19 a working practice that was introduced which is the wearing of
face masks.
 Frequent hand sanitation should be practiced.
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OPPORTUNITES TO DEVELOP & PRMOMOTE YOUR PERSONAL IMAGE
In this industry there are many opportunities for you to develop and
promote your personal image. Opportunities to transfer to other sectors or
industries only come when you’ve developed your personal image. Your
development comes through learning and experience. Your personal image
counts in modern society. As social beings, we are always under scrutiny
and scrutinizing others. In a professional context, it is essential to convey a
message of credibility and trust, because the people we interact and make
decisions are also influenced by image. Your image may even affect
negotiations and business opportunities. The impression we give, at least
at first contact, is a combination of our way of communicating, our attitude,
and our visual presence. Your image is like your personal business card. It
can cause a good or a bad first impression and change the future
relationship with who you may encounter. First impressions are
fundamental in the beauty field, and personal appearance is a key factor.
Within a salon, the beauty professional(s) must present an appearance that
conveys confidence to the client. This business field is all about helping
people look and feel their best, and if you do not look your best for work
every day, you are not selling your professional image to the best of your
abilities. Professionals in hair and beauty should be the mirror of the
services they offer. Hairdressers, for example, should have very well-kept
hair, because that is their core business, you are your biggest promoter,
and your image is your biggest advertisement, but the attention must
extend to the aesthetics of the salon itself. A well-groomed and
professional presentation suggests that you take pride in your workplace
and in what you do. On the contrary, if you convey an unprofessional
image, this will indicate that you don't care about your appearance and your
workplace which discourage business opportunities and clients.
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Employment Information Sheet
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Full Name: _________________________________________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________________
Home Phone: ______________________ Cell Phone: _______________________
Email: _____________________________________________________________
Social Security/Government ID: __________________________________
Birth Date: __________________ Marital Status: __________________________
Spouse’s Name: _____________________________________________________
Spouse’s Employer: _____________________ Work Contact: ________________
JOB INFORMATION
Job Title __________________________ Employee ID: _____________________
Supervisor: _______________________ Work Location: ____________________
Work Phone: ______________________Cell Phone: _______________________
Email: _____________________________________________________________
Start Date: ____________________________ Salary: $______________________
EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION

Full Name: _________________________________________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________________
Primary Phone: _____________________ Alternate Phone: __________________
Relationship to Contact: ______________________________________________
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Employee Contract of Employment
CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
Full Name: _________________________________________________________

This Contract is entered on the ______day of ______________20____,[date] between
___________________ [name of employer] a principal cosmetology business that abides at
_____________________________, Trinidad and Tobago - [employer’s address] and
____________________ [name of employee] of ______________________ _____________,
Trinidad and Tobago [employee’s address], under the laws of Trinidad and Tobago. The Parties
agree and covenant to be bound by the terms and conditions set forth in the Agreement that
follows:
1. Employment/Position - Employer shall employ employee as a hair stylist [job title] on a
[ ] full time [ ] part time basis under this Agreement, in this capacity, Employee shall
have the following duties to conduct:
 Consulting with clients on stylistic options for their hair.
 Listening to client needs to determine their preferences.
 Describing different hair care products and their benefits.
 Shampooing, cutting, coloring, and highlighting hair.
 Offering manicure, pedicure, waxing and facial services.
 Performing scalp treatments.
 Acting as salespersons to sell clients hair care retail products.
 Building a personal relationship with clients to ensure return visits.
 Adhering to salon safety and cleanliness standards.
 Managing bookings and welcoming clients into the store.
 Keeping updated on hairstyle trends and styling methods.
Employee shall perform such other duties as are customarily performed by other persons
in similar or same positions, including other duties as may arise from time to time as may
be assigned. Failure to comply to may lead to suspension or termination.
2. Probation/Notice – The first 90 days of employment will be considered a probationary
period. The Salon Manager/ Assistant will be assigned the task of monitoring your
progress, skills, customer service, behavioral characteristics and how you functional with
co-workers and the tasks you are assigned. Within this period everything you do and say
will determine whether you stay with us whether it is part time or fulltime employment.
Employee is required to give the Salon Owner/ Manager/Assistant one week notice if
they decide on resigning the job.
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3. Payment – As a hair stylist you will be paid $30.00 an hour, as you work minimum 5
days a week for 8 hours a day. For and weekend workdays you would be paid $35.00 an
hour. You will be paid via bank transfer on Friday of every week. The necessary taxes
will be withheld as required by law.
The employee will be entitled to 2 weeks paid vacation every year effective only after
one (1) year of employment. Employee will be paid for standard days and hours at the
standard rate of $30.00 an hour for 7 days.
4. Sick/Grievances Leave – The employee will also be compensated for 14 days of sick
leave every year effective after 6 months of employment. The employee must provide a
sick upon return from a medical professional. Any sick leave taken without the document
provided will not be compensated. Any sick leave take after the 14 days of sick leave will
not be compensated for, however once the employed is sick they are encouraged to
abstain from working. The employee is also entitled to grievances in the event of a direct
family member passing away. The employee will be compensated with standard pay for
3- 5 days of their absence, but we encourage employees to take the necessary time they
need to recoup for work.
5. Maternity/ Paternity – Employees are entitled to maternity and paternity leave around
the birth of their child (ren). Maternity leave of 13-15weeeks is offered with a standard
pay rate of $30.00 an hour for 8 hours of 7 days per week. Paternity leave of 1 week is
offered with a standard pay rate of $30.00 an hour for 8 hours of 7 days. Employees can
decide the period in which they want their maternity/paternity leave.
6. Health & Safety – As your employer this contract is a covenant and agreement that we
will provide a safe and healthy working environment for you and other employers. With
your assistance and cooperation, we do intend to minimize any harm and danger and
intend for you and other employees to do the same. Any accidents or injuries that happen
at our fault on our premises will be taken care of by us. Any employee who is to be
harmed on our premises by our fault will be compensated. We will provide the necessary
personal protective equipment (PPE) as well as educate our employees on how to proper
handle the equipment. The necessary education and training will be provided. Our salon
has a fully stocked first aid kit, an emergency exit with a designated muster point and a
fire hydrate which all works will be fully aware of.
I ______________________ [employee name] agree to the above-mentioned terms and conditions

effective immediately.
___________________________________ _________________________________________
Date Effective Signature of Employee
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EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION
HEALTH & SAFETY PRATICES IN THE SALON
Health & Safety Work Act
In Trinidad and Tobago, it is known as the "TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT". The Occupational Safety
and Health Act (“OSHA”) applies to all “industrial establishments” including
such industrial establishments owned by or occupied by the State. Under
OSHA an “industrial establishment” means a factory, shop, office, place of
work, or any other premises including any place, and in particular any
vehicle, vessel, aircraft, any offshore installation and any tent or moveable
structure. OSHA came into force on February 17, 2006. These regulations
apply to all including those with less than five employees and self-
employed staff. The aim is to protect everyone in the workplace by
ensuring risk assessments are carried out to prevent accidents and injuries.
Employers’ responsibilities under these regulations are:
Take immediate action if employees are injured or taken ill at work.

Consider providing a first aider
Nominating an appointed person to be responsible for the first-aid arrangements.
Provide a well-stocked first-aid container.
Employees’ responsibilities under these regulations are:
Avoid taking any unnecessary risks that might put you or others in danger.
Report anyfirst-aid supply shortages to appointed personnel .
Maintain the tools and equipment provided your safety.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
What is Personal Protective Equipment?

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is protective clothing, helmets, goggles or
other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury
or infection.
Personal protective equipment for the employee should be supplied by the

employer.
PPE for the stylist and assistant are:
Gloves to protect your hands from chemicals and staining.
Persons who suffer from asthma or have any allergies should:
Wear a particle mask when mixing chemicals, particularly when using bleach
powders, to prevent inhalation.
Wear eye protection when handling chemicals, to prevent chemicals from
entering the eyes.
Protect Your Hands.
It is important to protect to protect your hands to avoid occupational dermatitis.

Dermatitis can occur when your skin meets substances that can cause irritation and
allergies.
Follow these five simple steps to healthy hands.
1. Wear non-latex disposable gloves for shampooing, conditioning removing

colors and neutralizing, etc.
2. Dry your hands thoroughly after they have been in water.
3. Moisturize your hands regularly
4. Use new gloves for every client
5. Check your hands regularly for signs of contact dermatitis.
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WORKPLACE REGULATIONS
The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 is a United Kingdom
Statutory Instrument that stipulates general requirements on accommodation standards for
nearly all workplaces. These regulations require everyone in the workplace to help maintain
a safe and healthy working environment. You and your employer should follow
environmentally friendly working practices.
Employers’ responsibilities under these regulations are to:

Maintain equipment and the workplace.
Regulate temperatures
Ensuring working conditions and room dimensions suit the number of staff employed.
Ensure sufficient lighting and ventilation.
Sanitary conveniences
Employees’ responsibilities under these regulations are to
Maintain cleanliness of equipment and workstation
Ensure that the relevant person is aware of shortages or damages maintenance supplies
or PPE.
Wear PPE when you are mixing, handling, and using chemicals or other potentially
hazardous substances.
MANUAL HANDLING OPERATIONS

You are sometimes required to move equipment and stock around the salon; this is
called manual handling. There are correct ways to lift so you do not injure yourself.

Carry out risk assessments on all employees for manual lifting.
Employees’ responsibilities under these regulations are to:
Always ask yourself ‘Can I lift this?’ If the answer is no, then don’t. Ask for help. If you
are able to lift, remember to bend your knees and keep your back straight. Lift the weight
with your knee not your back and keep the item you are lifting close to your body.
The picture above is a visual example of proper manual handling when lifting an object.
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CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH
Chemicals and hazardous substances can enter the body through ingestion, absorption
and inhalation, so they present a high risk to salon staff.
Hazardous substances must be:
Stored correctly, ideally on a low shelf and in a cool, dark, dry, secure, fireproof
cabinet.
Handled correctly ensuring you PPE when mixing chemicals.
Used correctly, according to the manufacturers” instructions, ensuring you client
are protected from chemicals.
Disposed of correctly, in an environmentally friendly and safe manner.
We refer to this as SHUD – store, handle, use and dispose.
Ensure COSHH information sheets are available for substances and chemicals in
the workplace
Supply PPE free of charge
Ensure waste disposal is suitable for the environment and follow the local by-
laws.
Follow SHUD
Read MFIs, follow local by-laws and your salon policy
Know where to find the COSHH information sheets.
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ELECTRICITY AT WORK REGULATIONS

Use electrical appliances with caution. Electrical equipment must be handled correctly, checked
and tested. Plug sockets must be safe, and faulty electrical equipment must be labeled,
removed and reported to the relevant person. After use, equipment must be correctly stored
away.
Ensure that a qualified electrician completes a portable appliance test (PAT) on electrical
items and sockets in the salon each year.
Keep a record of these tests.

Not use electrical appliances until you have been trained
Use appliances correctly and switch them off after use
Check each item to ensure it is in working order before using it- check wires, switches and
plugs.
Report, label and remove any faulty items from use.
REPORTING INJURIES, DISESES & DANGEROUS

OCCURRENCES (RIDDOR)
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Regulations 1995 includes reporting the
following to the HSE:
Injuries: falls sustained by you, your colleagues, clients, or visitors in the workplace that
cause you take 3 or more days off work; major injuries such as amputation, dislocation,
fractures, loss of sight and any other eye injuries.
More than 24 hours in hospital
Accidents and injuries sustained from violence in the workplace
Death in the workplace
Diseases such as occupational dermatitis or work-related asthma
Dangerous occurrences such as a gas leak, even if this occurred outside working hours and
no one was injured.
All of the situations listed above need to be reported immediately to the HSE by telephone, and
then in writing within 10 days of the incident.
Report any above occurrences immediately.

Report any work-related disorder to the person responsible for health and safety.
Prevent any work-related disorder by wearing PPE such as gloves, etc.
Prevent any accidents or injuries by maintaining a safe and tidy working environment.
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RESONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS & EMPLOYESES
It is everyone’s responsibility to help keep the workplace safe and

healthy for both themselves and others. The workplace will only be
a haven if we work as team to ensure our health and safety.
PLAN
Identify and assess the risks
DO ACT
Eliminate or minimize Review and report for

continuous improvement
CHECK
Monitor the controlled measures

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TYPES OF FIRES
Class A – fires involving solid materials such as wood paper or textiles.

Class B – fire involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel, or oils.
Class C – Fire involving gases.
Class D – fire involves metals
Class E – fires involving electrical apparatus
Class F – fires involving cooking oil such as deep-fat fryers.
DANGERS OF INCORRECT USE OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Just by using the wrong class of fire extinguisher, you can make things worse.
Massive flashes and huge flames might occur, and you may result burned or
electrocuted.
THESE ARE SOME OF THE DANGERS:
CO2 fire extinguishers will discharge 10-15 second of carbon dioxide

(CO2) which will suffocate the fire. CO2 extinguishes a fire by
consuming the oxygen. This can be a huge threat in a small room: The
person fighting the fire might become asphyxiated, as the oxygen in
the room is displaced by CO2. Facing a fire is a very stressful situation,
and in such circumstances, breathing will accelerate and so will your
intake of oxygen.
Type A, B, or C CO2 fire extinguishers should never be used on a

chemical fire. Its contents may cause a chemical reaction, generating
violent explosion that may cause severe injury or death. Fire
extinguishers are designed to fights fires originated by flammable
liquids, such as oil, gasoline, kerosene, etc.
The water-based fire extinguisher used on electrical, or oil fires can

cause electric shock or explosions, causing the oil to spread, making
the situation worse.
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EMERGENCY & EVACUATION PROCEDURES
All personnel should familiarize themselves with the following information:
1. Know the quickest exit route out of the building. Have a backup or alternate path out of
the building. Elevators and bridges should be avoided in emergencies and should not be
used in the event of fire or earthquake. In emergencies other than fire and earthquake,
elevators may be used by people with mobility impairments.
2. Know the location of the nearest manual fire alarm pull station in your building and know
how to activate it.
3. Know if any co-workers, students or visitors will require assistance in exiting the building
and be prepared to provide whatever help is necessary. Persons with disability-related
evacuation needs are encouraged to discuss their needs with their employer in advance.
Staff and faculty with mobility impairments should know the location of the nearest
Emergency Refuge Area in their building. Emergency Refuge areas are designated "safe
havens" for people with mobility impairments. They are typically located in stairwells of
multi-storied buildings.
4. Know what your department looks like on a daily and routine basis. Suspicious objects
can only be identified by those who know what to expect or to anticipate in their worksite.
5. Know where your emergency Assembly Point and Evacuation Areas are located, and
the Evacuation Routes you should follow to reach them. Do not stand in driveways or
roadways: emergency responders need clear access to buildings.
HAZARDS & RISKS

Hazard vs. Risk
A hazard is anything that can potentially cause harm. A risk is the chance/level whether
high or low that a hazard will cause harm.
HAZARDS IN THE SALON
I. Faulty electrical appliances or poorly maintained electrical equipment can cause
electrical shocks
II. Razor blades could cause accidents or even cross infections if handled
improperly
III. Water spillage without caution sign can cause some to slip
HAZARDS TO REFER
Some hazards need to be referred immediately because it can cause harm. The longer
they are hazards everyone within its range is at risk. Some hazards to refer immediately
are:
I. Loose/Broken Floor Tiles
II. Spillages/Leakage
III. Faulty Electrical Equipment
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RISK LEVEL CHART

The following chart shows the risk level of each hazard. The level ranges from 0–5.
This chart is a visual representation of how dangerous it is to leave hazards
unattended.
Hair Cuttings
Sharp Objects
Chemicals
Faulty Electrical
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
(0 = no risk level, 5 = highest risk level)
It is important that extremely risky hazards be reported and referred to immediately to

avoid any anyone from getting severely harmed.
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HAIR SERVICES
Hair & Scalp Disorders - It is important that you are properly educated and aware
of the hair and scalp disorders as well as how to properly treat with each client and their
individual condition.
Infestation
An infestation is the presence of pests or parasites. One such infestation
known in the salon is “Scabies”. Scabies is a very itchy rash that is found in
the skin. No salon service can be offered to clients with such infestations as it
will not only affect the client’s service result, but it can also pose as a threat
to you and other clients.
Infection
An infection is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses and parasites inside of the body. Such infections are warts
and herpes simplex. Herpes simplex is a cold sore caused by exposure to heat
or cold, cross contamination or may be a reaction to a food or drug. This
infection is on the face so services on the hair may be carried out. Warts are
hard raised lumps on the skin caused by a viral infection in the epidermis. If
the warts are open, sore and weeping do not conduct any service;
furthermore, you should refrain from hair services if warts are present.
Non-Infectious Conditions
Adverse skin and scalp conditions are usually non-infectious. Non-infectious
conditions such as acne, alopecia, and eczema are more common that other
conditions. Acne is inflamed, raised, sore spots on the face caused by the
increase of sebum and blockage of pores. Salon services can be carried out
but it is important that you avoid getting chemicals on sore skin and that you
be gentle when cutting around the hairline. Alopecia is a male patterned
baldness in areas or in the whole head caused by stress, shock or can be
hereditary. With this condition you can perform services as regular just
avoiding the weaker areas. Eczema is red inflamed itchy skin that may be
split and weeping. It is caused by physical irritation or an allergic reaction.
Internal factors can also affect it.
Page | 24
RECORD, REPORT AND REFER.
It is important that with every client, every condition and situation that you
run tests that identify and record the limitations and contra-indications for
each client. This will provide accurate information for you to conduct future
services and in the event of anything, you have documented proof that tests
were carried out. Failure to do so may have severe consequences such as
legal action. It is also important that you refer clients who are tested for
infectious and severe conditions such as herpes simplex and scabies. Naming
the contra-indications are not advised since you are not a medical
professional, and it may alarm your client, so it is best to refer them to
someone who is capable to treat and prescribe something for their condition;
this is to avoid getting into legal conflict and worsening your client’s
condition.
The following chart that shows the danger level of disorders to a client and others:
Danger Level of Disorders
3 Danger Level
0
Infection Infestation Non-infectious
(0 = no danger, 5 = very dangerous)

Page | 25
CONDUCTING TESTS
Porosity Test – this test is conducted to test the cuticle layer to identify whether the cuticle is
smooth or rough. This test is done by taking a few strands of hair and sliding your fingers up the
hair shaft toward the root. If the hair is non-porous it will feel smooth, if it feels rough and raised
it is porous.
Elasticity Test – this test is conducted to test the strength of the cortex. This test is done by
taking 2 or 3 strands of hair and misting them slightly with water, then stretching the hair slightly
between your finger and thumb. The hair should stretch about 30% more than its original length
wet.
Incompatibility Test – this test is conducted to test the hair for any metallic salts that would
react with professional chemicals products. The test is conduct by taking a small cut of hair and
placing it in a solution of 20cc liquid 6% peroxide and 1cc of perm solution for 30 minutes. If
metallic salts are present the hair might change color, the solution might bubble and fizz and/or
give off heat.
Skin Test - this test is conducted to test an allergic reaction or sensitivity to the product. Tests
Positive Results
100 Negative Results
50
0
Skin Porosity Elasticity Compatibility
is conducted by cleaning an area on the inner part of the elbow or behind the ear, then apply the
chosen color to the area cleaned and leave it to dry. An allergic reaction is identified by red skin
and/or sore areas that might weep or itch.
The following chart shows the expected positive results and the unexpected negative
results for each test conducted on a client.
Skin Test – the chart above shows that the skin test needs to produce results of less than 5%
reaction on the client’s skin for services to be conducted.
Porosity Test – the chart above shows that the porosity test needs to prove that the hair is
75% smooth/non-porous for the client’s hair to be considered non-porous.
Elasticity Test – the chart above shows that the elasticity test results should prove that the
client’s wet hair length is 30% more than the original length of hair.
Compatibility Test – the chart shows that the results of the compatibility test should show
little/no chemical reaction between client’s hair and the solution.
Page | 26
CLIENT’S RECORDS & CONFIDENTIALITY GUIDE
The Importance of Client Records

Client records are highly recommended to any professional. Well-kept
records will assist in providing a high standard within your salon. It serves
as a reliable history keeper for each client and prevents you from legal
repercussions if any occurs.
Maintaining Client Records

Client records should be maintained properly, every client that walks
through your doors should have their information documented. Ensure you
have their name, contact details, the service conducted and contraindications
or medical advice. Whether you decide to keep your record in folder or in a
book, ensure they handled with care and stored safely and neatly.
Maintaining Client Confidentiality

Client confidentiality is very important; breaking client confidentiality can
damage your professional image, cause you to clients and result in legal
action. Ensure that your salon has a policy to store and protect your client
information.
. The Data Protection Act (DPA)

The DPA is a legislation that protects client’s information, it emphasizes that
personal information should be stored and kept confidential. There are rules
that need to be followed such as:
 Only authorized staff can access the records
 They must be always kept in a safe location
 They must be disposed by shredding & deleting when they’re not useful
 They must be used for professional purposes only
 Clients must be granted access to their own record card
 Records on computers must be registered with the Data Protection
Registry, who will ensure the computer is secure.
Page | 27
SKIN & HAIR STRUCTURE
BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN & HAIR

The skin and scalp have three main layers; New Anagen – Towards the end of the resting
each has an important role to play; the cycle, new activity and cell division take place
epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the in the dermal papilla and the anagen.
subcutaneous layer that form the basic
structure of the skin.
The hair shaft is made up of three main layers,
two of which you need to be familiar with: the CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HAIR
cortex and cuticle layer both layers can affect STRUCTURE
hairdressing.
Hair can be described as fine, medium, or coarse.
Fine hair has a small circumference and fewer
layers of cuticle scales which causes fast
absorption. Medium hair has a greater
circumference than fine and an average amount of
layers. Coarse hair has a large circumference with
the most layers of cuticle scales which causes slow
absorption or resistance to chemicals. There are
three main hair types with variations of thickness
and texture; Caucasian or European referred to as
wavy. The hair shaft oval with around four to seven
layers of cuticle scales, Asian is very straight and
round shaped and has about eleven layers of
cuticle scales and African which is very curly, the
hair shat is kidney shaped with around seven to
eleven layers of cuticle scales.
Catagen – During this part of the cycle the hair
growth slows down for an average period of 2
weeks. The follicle starts to shrink and detaches
from the dermal papilla.
HAIR GROWTH CYCLE & GROWTH RATE Telogen – During this phase the hair is resting; it can
Hair grows in three cycles (Anagen, Catagen, last for 10-12 weeks.
Telogen). Our hair grows on average 1.25cm per
month (½ inch). At different stages of the hair growth
cycle, we lose average 100 hairs per day.
Anagen – During this part of the cycle up to 80% of
the hair follicles are active and the hair is growing.
The blood and oxygen from the capillaries form the
hair follicle in the dermal papilla and can grow up to
7 years or stop growing after as little as 1½ years.
It is important that following all rules, instructions,
HEALTHY HAIR policies, and any requirements for the duration of
Our physical health and diet play a major role in your business journey. This will safeguard you and
the health of our hair. A balanced diet helps to your business from any harm or danger, whether it
keep the hair and skin in perfect health by giving is to self or client. It is important that all things are
the necessary nutrients. Exercise and maintaining done according to policies and laws as it can
physical health improve blood flow oxygen flow possibly lead to the loss of your business.
throughout the body to improve the condition of
the hair and encourages hair growth.
MANUFACTUERS INSTRUCTIONS, SALON

POLICY & LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
Page | 28
SHAMPOO & CONDITIONER
SHAMPOO & WATER
Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms while shampoo is made up of cleansing
agents called surfactants. They have a hydrophilic and hydrophobic end. One loves water
and one hates water and is instead attracted to dirt and grease. This lifts the dirt and
grease off the hair, and it is suspended into the shampoo.
UNTANGLING THE HAIR
The cuticle scales overlap each other and lie down the hair shaft when closed so it’s
important when untangling the hair after the shampoo and conditioning service to use a
wide teeth comb and work from ends to root to ensure that you work in the direction of the
cuticle scales.
PH VALUES AFFECT THE HAIR.
Our hair and skin are acidic and have a natural pH of 4.5-5.5, therefore, we should use pH
balanced shampoos and conditioners. Other pH levels may cause harm to the hair such as:
 Strong acids would destroy the hair. (Ph 0-1)

 Mild acids would shrink and harden the hair. (Ph 1.5-4)
 Soap less shampoos to cleanse and clarify before perming, will lift the cuticles slightly to aid
in perming. (Ph 7)
 Weak alkali lifts the cuticle scales slightly. (Ph 7.1-7.9)
 Mild alkali swells the hair, opens the cuticle scale, and allows penetration into the cortex. (Ph
8-10)
 Strong alkali causes hair removal. (Ph 10)
WATER TEMPERATURE AFFECTS HAIR
Temperature affects the cuticle scales. Heat helps to reduce processing time during
services and opens the cuticle scales for penetrating treatments products to enter the
cortex. Excessive heat can damage your client’s hair and scalp. Avoid hot water when
shampooing oil scalps as it can produce more sebum. Always consider the temperature of
the water for you client’s comfort.
HAIR RINSING
It is important that you thoroughly rinse hair after shampooing and conditioning to remove
all the dirt and grease from the surface and the shampoo’s lather. This would leave your
client’s hair clean with an oil-free hair shaft. You should rinse with cool water to close the
cuticle scales and for your client’s comfort.
Page | 30
HAIR & SCALP CONDITIONS
Common hair and scalp conditions are dry scalp, oily scalp, dandruff-affected, chemically damaged and
heat damaged are some of the common conditions.
DRY SCALP VS DANDRUFF

Dry scalp and dandruff are commonly mixed up and mistaken to be the same by the average population who is
unaware of the difference. People with dry scalp mistake the flakes they see for dandruff, however, when
compared, dry scalp tend to produce smaller, whiter flakes while dandruff has larger, yellowish flakes. You can
also identify the difference between the two by looking at the causes. Dry scalp is majorly caused by natural
moisture imbalance, change in seasons and heat, product and chemical reactions, diet, health issues, and
underactive sebaceous glands whereas dandruff is mainly caused by fungi, stress, or chemical irritants. Dry
scalp is the less severe of the two and can be improved by less frequent shampooing with a moisturizing
shampoo, using a dry scalp treatment and a light surface conditioner. For dandruff if it is dry or stress related
dandruff then a medicated shampoo can be used or if its serious you can also use a conditioner for dandruff
and a leave-in scalp treatment. The following shows the causes of both conditions and their severity against
each other in percentage:
DRY SCALP VS DANDRUFF

DRY SCALP DANDRUFF
90%
80%
65% 70%
60%
50% 50%
35% 40%
30%
20%
10%
GENETICS STRESS DIET PRODUCTS DRY WEATHER SCALP CONDITION
Dry Scalp Solutions – Dry scalp can be managed and extinguished by less shampooing, but when
you must use a moisturizing shampoo and a light surface condition while being consistent with a dry scalp
treatment. When choosing products for dry scalp it is important to look for products that contain coconut
oil, jojoba oil, honey and almond or brazil nut oil. These ingredients restore natural moisture and
nourishment to the hair.
Dandruff Solutions – Dandruff can be slightly complex, but it can be managed and extinguished by
using a medicated shampoo, a conditioner that suit the hair condition and a leave-in scalp treatment to
aid seborrhea control. When choosing products for dandruff it is important to look for medicated products
and/or products that contain tea tree oil, zinc pyrithione and selenium sulphide. Ginger, eucalyptus,
lavender, and sage helps to soothe the scalp.
Consequences of Incorrect Use Products – Using the incorrect product when you have
conditions usually worsen the condition, so it is important to be educated or seek advice before
addressing conditions. Incorrect shampoo, like oily scalp shampoos, might cause the hair to feel drier with
rough cuticle scales. This is because the product is designed to break down the natural oils needed for
the hair, which might cause irritation to dry scalps.
Page | 31
OILY SCALP
Natural oils protect hair and are vital for a healthy scalp and lustrous hair, but an overly greasy scalp can lead
to uncomfortable itching, seborrhea dermatitis and host a feast for fungus to cause dandruff. The list of causes
is majored around genetics, stress, hormones, products, and skin/scalp conditions. Products are the leading
cause of oily scalp as products. There are a lot of things you can do at home for an oily scalp but just like any
other condition, negligence will worsen the condition. Product build up can result in oily scalp so consider a
good cleanse for the hair by using a shampoo for oily hair and a surface conditioner. If seborrhea is present
use an oily hair shampoo, a surface treatment, and a leave-in scalp treatment. Oily scalp can be managed at
home but seeing a doctor should be an option if you’ve tried one or more home treatments with no success, or
if you notice any new or worsening symptoms after starting your home treatment plan. An oily scalp isn’t
necessarily a bad thing. A little oil’s good for your hair health but too much oil in your scalp can be a nuisance.
The following is a chart to highlight the causes of oily scalp in percentage:
OILY SCALP
40%
20%
15% 10%
10% 5%
GENETICS STRESS DIET PRODUCTS DRY WEATHER SCALP CONDITION
Oily Scalp Solutions – Oily scalp can be a nuisance, luckily it can be managed and extinguished at
home depending on its severity. A good cleanse is a good start to refresh the hair from product build up
and sets a good foundation for the right products to be used. A shampoo and surface conditioner can be
used on oily scalp once it isn’t seborrhea. If it is seborrhea, a shampoo, a surface treatment, and a leave-
in scalp treatment is needed. When choosing products for oily skin, ensure the products contain lemon,
chamomile, egg, and citrus fruits. These ingredients help to break down the oils and slow down the
reproduction of sebum from the sebaceous glands thus reducing the excessive oils from the hair and
scalp.
Consequences of Incorrect Use Products - Using the incorrect product when you have
conditions usually worsen the condition, so it is important to be educated or seek advice before
addressing conditions. Using the incorrect shampoo, such as a moisturizing shampoo could cause the
hair to become oilier even quicker than usual, and the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum,
therefore it is important to pay close attention to the products being used and its ingredients when
addressing oily scalp.
Page | 32
CHEMICALLY DAMAGED
If you’ve ever lightened, colored your hair or had another form of chemical treatment like a perm or
relaxer, you’re probably dealing with chemically damaged hair but it’s not just chemicals that cause
damage to your hair; any kind of significant traction can lead to hair damage such as everyday styles like
brushing your hair or putting it into a ponytail can leave the hair dry and porous and the cuticle scales
open and rough. The cortex becomes weak and the elasticity poor which can affect further services and
cause the hair to tangle easily. Some people aren’t aware of the signs of chemical damage such as split
ends, hair breakage & loss, texture etc. but when chemical damaged is noticed treatment should begin
immediately. You will need a moisturizing shampoo for colored or chemical damaged hair and a
penetrating conditioning treatment to strengthen the cortex and smooth the cuticle layers. Once you have
found your treatment you can begin to the journey to rejuvenating your hair. The following shows the main
cause of chemical damage in percentage on hair and the contribution each cause has on damaging your
hair:
CHEMICALLY-DAMAGED
40%
25%
15% 15%
5%
HAIRSTYLES ENVIRONMENT HEAT CHEMICAL HEALTH

Chemically-Damaged Solutions – Chemically-damaged hair, has an overall dry state, including the
scalp, so it can be treated as a dry condition. You can begin the process to healthy hair by trimming the
split ends of your hair, and then you will need a moisturizing shampoo for colored and chemically
damaged hair and a penetrating conditioning treatment to strengthen the cortex and smooth the cuticle
layers. A good addition to your treatment products could be a good hair mask since chemical
straightening breaks down the protein bonds inside your hair to reform them into a new shape. If you love
the smooth, sleek look, make sure you’re giving those proteins some reinforcement. The condition of
chemically damaged hair is generally dry so coconut oil, jojoba oil, honey and almond or brazil nut oil can
also be your target ingredients when looking for treatment products to treat the dry hair condition when its
chemically damaged. These products will restore the natural moisture and nourishment to the hair.
Consequences of Incorrect Use Products – Chemical-damage leave the hair dry and porous, so
it is important that you use the correct products when treating the damaged hair. Failure to do so will
result in the hair becoming drier and cause the cuticle scale to be rough. Incorrect use of products would
irritate the scalp and irritation is not as civil as it sounds.
Page | 33
HEAT DAMAGED
Heat damage is caused by the continued use excessive heat/heated styling tools on your hair and can
make your hair feel and look dry, thin, rough, brittle, and dull. This damages the cuticle scales and strip
the moisture from the cortex layer. Heat damaged hair can even become discolored especially if you have
dyed or bleached hair and notice more tangles and knots even on a hair strand. This is due to the heat
from appliances, incorrect usage and/or failure to use heat protector products when styling the hair which
causes the hair to be porous with open/rough cuticle layers and decreases the elasticity in the cortex. The
good news is that heat damage can be reversed; you will need a moisturizing shampoo and a surface
conditioner as well as penetrating conditioning treatment. The following shows the causes of heat
damage on hair, in percentage:
HEAT DAMAGED
50%
35%
15%
HIGH TEMPERATURE HEATED STYLING SUN EXPOSURE

Heat Damaged Solutions – Heat damaged hair is dry, thin, rough brittle, dull and discolored but you
can restore your hair’s health by carefully treating it. You can begin the process to healthy hair by
trimming the split ends of your hair and deciding to go heat-free at least until your hair’s health is restored.
Once you’ve trimmed for a fresh start you will need a moisturizing shampoo, a surface conditioner, and a
penetrating conditioning treatment. A weekly deep conditioning treatment will repair the hair from heat
damage while moisturizing the rough strands. Choose wisely the products for your damaged hair, you
wouldn’t want to cause more harm than good. The state of heat damaged hair is generally dry so coconut
oil, jojoba oil, honey and almond or brazil not oil will also work in this case for the restoration process as
these products naturally moisturize and nourish the hair.
Consequences of Incorrect Use Products – It is important when treating heat damaged hair to
use the appropriate products and that they are used correctly. Heat damaged hair is dry, thin, rough
brittle, dull and discolored so excessive condition can or deeply moisturizing can cause hair to become
limp and lank and using the incorrect shampoo can cause the hair to feel drier with rough cuticle scales
and irritate the scalp which is a nuisance. Depending on the severity it is best that the damaged hair be
carefully handled by a professional.
Page | 34
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT FOR SERVICES

Dry Scalp – For dry scalps, the tools and equipment needed would be to provide the following
services: moisturizing shampoo, a dry scalp treatment and surface conditioning.
Dandruff-Affected – For dandruff affected scalps, the tools and equipment needed would be
to provide the following services: medicated shampooing, conditioning, and a leave-in scalp
treatment.
Oily Scalp – For oily scalps, the tools and equipment needed would be to provide the
following services: a good hair cleanse, oily hair shampooing, surface conditioning and leave-in
scalp treatment to control seborrhea if present.
Heat Damaged – For heat damaged hair, the tools and equipment needed would be for the
following services: moisturizing shampoo, surface shampooing and penetrating conditioning
may also be required,
Chemically-Damaged – For chemically-damaged hair, the tools and equipment needed for
the following services: moisturizing shampooing and penetrating shampooing.
The following diagram shows the equipment you might use throughout the shampoo and
conditioning service:
After you have conditioned Before shampooing, you

the hair, untangle with a could use a soft bristle
wide-tooth comb. brush through the dry hair
to remove tangles and
loosen products.
After shampooing you can

If you are using a
detangle the hair with a
penetrating conditioning
wide-tooth comb before
treatment you can use a
applying a surface
bowl and brush, climazone,
conditioner.
rollerball, steamer, or hood
dryer.
While the surface

conditioner is on the hair,
comb through again with a
wide-tooth comb.
Manufacturer's instructions are the written directions provided by the manufacturer or distributor of
a product that contain the necessary information for the safe and effective use of the product, however
because some manufacturers and distributors give a detailed It is very important to read carefully and
follow the manufacturer's instructions. The manufacturer’s instructions provide us with technical
information that can help form a risk assessment that will then allow us to develop suitable controls to
protect us against the hazards associated to products and equipment.
Page | 35
MASSAGE TECHNIQUES
Within the salon the shampoo and conditioning service is paired very well with
another service that enhances and improves the quality of shampooing and
conditioning while supplying a range of benefits to the client. This add-on is
known as massage techniques. Below, three (3) massage techniques that are
used in the salon, is explored with some of their benefits:
Effleurage
Effleurage is a soothing Swedish massage technique performed by gentle stroking
massage movements using the palm of your hands. It is used to evenly distribute
shampoo, conditioner and treatment. It is particularly good for long hair to prevent
tangles. Effleurage helps by increasing blood circulation, stimulating lymphatic drainage
and stimulating feel good hormones. Effleurage helps by increasing blood circulation.
The friction of touch against the skin increases the flow of blood and increases the
temperature of the body.
Rotary
Rotary is a massage technique that involves executing firm, quick, small, circular
massage movements, to loosen the dirt from the scalp during the shampooing process.
Your hands are positioned in a claw-like manner, and you use your finger pads to work
around the head in a methodical way. For clients with long hair, remove your hands
from the head regularly and comb through with your fingers, as continued rotary
movements could cause tangles. The quick circular rotary movements could cause
tangles. The quick, circular massage movement stimulates the scalp and the sebaceous
glands. This can be very relaxing for your client but must be avoided on oily scalps.
Petrissage
Petrissage is an effective massage technique in which deep pressure is applied to

tissues and underlying muscles. Petrissage massage technique can include stretching,
kneading, and squeezing soft tissues and underlying muscles, it lifts tissues away from
structures to relieve tension and stretches and loosens muscles fibers. Petrissage
massage is circular, very slow and relaxing massage done by performing slow, circular
massage movements to stimulate the scalp. You work your way gradually around the
head slowly massaging each area. Your fingers are spread apart, and you use your
finger pads.
Page | 36
LEGISLATION AFFECTING SALES
The Trades Description Act – Trade Description Act 1972

The Trade Description Act 1972 protects the trade industry by prohibiting the inaccurate
description of goods and services, and the use of false trade descriptions (e.g., fraudulent, or
misleading prices, statements, descriptions, or trademarks). The quality must be stated, it must
be sold at stated price, it must be fit for purpose, it must be clearly labeled as to where it was
made, and verbal or written advertisements must be true.
The Sale & Supply Goods Act - The Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994
The Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994, which has amended the Sale of Goods Act 1979,
governs commercial contracts. The Act governs the sale of goods that are identified and agreed
to be purchased by the buyer (specific goods), goods that are to be manufactured or acquired to
the buyer’s specification (future goods) and goods defined by description or by samples and
forming part of a larger consignment (unascertained goods).
The Consumer Protection Act - The Consumer Protection Act 1987

The Consumer Protection Act 1987 is in place to hold manufacturers accountable for producing
unsafe goods, ensuring safety standards of consumer goods and goods used in the workplace.
It allows consumers to claim compensation if the defective product has caused personal injury,
damage to property or death. Claims under the Act are generally brought against the product’s
‘producer’.
The Data Protection Act – The Data Protection Act 1998

The Data Protection Act 1998 ('the Act') regulates how and when information relating to
individuals may be obtained, used and disclosed. The Act also allows individuals access to
personal data relating to them, to challenge misuse of it and to seek redress thus protecting
client's personal detail by ensuring only authorized staff have access to client details, the details
are recorded accurately and kept up to date, any outdated is properly destroyed, information is
only used for official use and the salon is registered within The Data Protection Registry if the
details are computerized.
The Consumer Safety Act - The Consumer Safety ACT 1978

The Consumer Safety Act 1978 Act which empowers regulations in respect of a product to
prevent or reduce the risk to the consumer from any products that might potentially be
dangerous (e.g., personal injury or death).
The Supply of Goods and Services Act - The Supply of Goods and Services Act
1982
The Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 was an early attempt to provide consumers greater
protection when they purchased a good or service to ensure that consumers received a product
of reasonable quality or received a service that was carried out with reasonable, professional,
attention and care. Under this Act salon staff must be competent to deliver service and
knowledgeable and competent to promote products they are recommending.
The Prices Act – The Prices Act 1974

The Prices Act 1974 is to authorize that payment confers to the regulation of the prices. This
ensure that the prices are accurate and displayed, so the consumer is not misled as to the value
or price of an item, therefore preventing or restricting increases in prices and charges; to make
provision for requiring prices to be indicated on or in relation to goods offered or exposed for
sale by retail.
Page | 38
HAIRCOLORING
& Aftercare
Wella Professional Color Post Treatment 33.8 oz /1L
Hair coloring is one the best ways to
enhance your outward appearance, it
has the power to give a new look and
restore a desired look. Your hair makes
a statement long before you do, and a
color is the best way to express yourself
while nourishing your roots and plumping
your hair shafts which adds volume to
your hair. It’s one of the many things
people do when they feel the need for a
change. When done correctly by a
professional it’s as significant as
changing your identity, some people
won’t even recognize you.
Aftercare is the key; it’s the key to

maintaining and preserving the beauty
enhanced by coloring so it is important to
you are briefed on the process and
follow through with the instructions given
for the quality of the service. $19US/$135TT
Protect and enhance hair color results for a long time with
Wella Professionals Service Color Post Treatment. This
lightweight after color treatment with Vitamin E and orchid
extract provides protection of demi-, semi-, and permanent
color results. Wella Color Post Treatment is indicated for
professional in salon color services.
Usage Instructions: Apply Wella Service Post Color Treatment

immediately after hair coloring or straightening service to
damp hair. Leave for 3-5 minutes. Rinse thoroughly. Follow
with Enrich range.
Ingredients: water, cetesryl alcohol, cetrimonium chloride,
fragrance, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, tocopheryl
SALON’S PRODUCTS & SERVICES GUIDE
BENEFITS OF PROMOTING PRODUCTS

1. It encourages growth for the business and helps maintain stability in the salon. The
salon would receive more attention just by promoting services and products through
word of mouth.
2. It helps you earn and increase profits and reach commission targets also quickening the
salon’s growth process.
PRODUCT & SERVICE KNOWLEDGE

It is very important to have good product and service knowledge as a professional in this
business and that you remain up to date with new salon services and changes throughout your
experience. As you will be required to sell, recommend, and promote products and services for
the benefit of both the salon and the client.
It is important to ensure:
 You follow the Sale of Goods Act (that states that good should be delivered or sold must
be of satisfactory, good quality and fit for its purpose) and the Trade Description Act
(that states its an offence for businesses and salespeople to sell a product or service
based on misinformation).
 Your client benefits benefit from purchasing your product & service recommendations
 You give accurate advice and information at all times. For the safety of the client and the
salon.
FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATIONS & PERSONAL PRESENTATION

Face to face communication can once done properly can easily close a sale. This is because it
allows you to not only show the client that they are worth your time, but it allows your personal
presentation to sell the product before you verbally do. Your appearance, personal hygiene and
dress all play a major role in securing the sale and bringing in clients. Face to face
communications allow you to pick up on nonverbal communications like body language. It also
gives opportunity for the client to get an up-close look at the product.
THE SALE PROCESS
IDENTIFY THE NEED IDENTIFY & RECOMMEND A

PRODUCT TO SUIT THE NEED
CLOSE THE SALE EXPLAIN THE FEATURES &

BENEFITS OF THE PRODUCT
OVERCOME ANY OBSTACLES DEMONSTRATE THE PRODUCT
Page | 40
SECURING AGREEMENTS & CLOSING SALES
Almost every client is a potential client but the first step to closing a sale is to first figure
out if your client is seriously interested in a service or product. If no interest is shown,
close the discussion and move on. However, you must be able to differentiate the
difference and spot possible buying signals, such as :
 Handling products and reading labels

 Responding positively to what you are saying.
 Asking any of the following questions:
o Can I buy this product here?
o Do you offer this service?
o How would I use the product?
o How much doe does it cost?
o What size is the product and how do I need to use?
o Which of these products do you recommend for my hair?
Closing sales questions are as follows:
 Would you like to take both products away with you today?
 Shall I book you an appointment for the new service we have been discussing?
PAYMENT METHODS
After successfully securing a sale, your next move is to inform the client of your
available payment options in order provide the client with his/her needs. The three most
popular payment methods are:
 Cash – whether it be notes or coins cash is a legal tender for payment

 Debit Cards – debit cards provide payment to the salon with 2-3 business days,
but the client’s money leaves their bank account immediately.
 Credit Cards – with credit cards the credit company authorizes the payment to
the salon then the client, usually monthly reimburses the company.
Page | 41
CUTTING WOMEN’S HAIR
Before carrying out a cutting service on a client, it is very important that
certain things be taken into consideration to get the best results, such as:
hair texture & density, hair type, elasticity, head face shape, hair growth
patterns & contradictions
Hair Texture & Density – The hair texture is referred to as the thickness and feel
of each strand of hair while the density is referred to as the number of strands per
square inch on the scalp Depending on the hair texture and density the choice of style
and technique may vary for clients. For clients with abundant hair, you may need to
thin out the hair to create the desired look while sparse hair will need to be blunt
cut/club cut to maintain as much thickness as possible and should not be cut too short
but equally avoid keeping fine long hair. Coarse textured hair needs smoothing
products to help achieve the desired results. Fine hair may also need supporting hair
products to enhance the finish but not as much as coarse hair.
Hair Type – The 4 hair types are straight, wavy, curly & coily. The hair type affects
the choice of style and technique. The more coily the hair is, the more it will spring
up/shrink after the cut when it is dried, so it is important to consider the amount of
tension you place during the service. The opposite is true for straight hair, less tension
and products are needed, however moisture can give you a more precise look.
Elasticity – Elasticity refers to the ability a strand of hair has to stretch. This can
also affect the cutting technique. Client’s whose hair has poor elasticity should not be
pulled with too much tension during the cutting process, as it affects the overall results.
Head & Face Shape – The aim is to achieve a style that makes your client face look
oval shaped. For round faces, avoid styles that with too much width or height. For
oblong faces avoid styles that come onto the face and has too much height.
Encourage width and suggest a fringe to shorten the illusion of a long face.
Hair Growth Patterns – The directions, areas, and lengths that our hair grows is
referred to as our hair growth patterns. There are 4 main hair growth patterns:
cowlicks, hairline heights, widow’s peaks, and male pattern baldness.
Contra-indications - Knowing your client’s contra-indications is very important as

some of them can greatly affect the result of the service. Also, it secures you and your
salon from future unnecessary claims and legal issues. This step is for the safety of
both the salon and the client and should be followed through during the consultation
process.
Page | 43
STYLE GUIDE
One length style can be above or below the shoulder.
The hair is pulled directly down at a 0o angle. Horizontal
sections are used to achieve guidelines. Cutting
techniques used are club cutting and freehand.
Tools used: Scissors, Cutting Comb & Sectioning Clips, Clippers.
ONE LENGTH STYLING
Uniform layer style uses 0o for the baseline and is pulled out
at a 90o angle throughout the entire haircut. The techniques
used for cutting are club cutting and freehand. Using the club
cutting technique vertically, internal guidelines are made.
Tools used: Scissors, Cutting Comb & Sectioning Clips

UNIFORM LAYERS STYLING
LONG & SHORT GRADUATION STYLING
For short graduation, the inner layers of the hair lengths are longer
than the outline shape and generally pulled out at 45o. It is done by
freehand, texturizing, tapering, scissors over comb & club cutting.
The guideline is done by taking the clean sections for internal
layers.
For long graduation 0o is used for the baseline, and 90o and 180o
for creating longer layer effects. It is done by club cutting, freehand,
texturizing & tapering. The guideline is done using the club cutting
technique.
Tools used: Scissors, Cutting Comb & Sectioning Clips, Neck Brush,
Razor, Gown.
No matter what style or length of haircut is being done it is
very important to cross-check. Cross- checking is done to save time and improve results
while avoiding mistakes. It is also just as important to pay attention to the degree of
tension applied when cutting hair to ensure you are getting a clean cut. Applying tension
allows you to cut perfectly straight or at a perfect angle.
DISINFECTING/STERILISING
Scissors – Autoclave, UV Light Cabinet, Chemical Solutions (barbicide, wipes or sprays) (oil
blades after disinfecting).
Razors – Autoclave, UV Light Cabinet.
Combs – UV Light Cabinet, Chemical Solutions (barbicide).
Sectioning Clips – UV Light Cabinet, Chemical Solutions (barbicide).
Clippers & Trimmers – Chemical Wipes or Sprays (oil blades after disinfecting).
Page | 44
COLOUR & LIGHTEN HAIR
The chart below shows five types of coloring products and the lasting effects it has on
Lightness & Height = Less Permanent

Darkness & Height = More Permanent
Temporary Color Semi-Permanent Quasi-Permanent Permanent Color Lightening Products

Color Color
Lasting Effects of Coloring Products

Series 1
clients’ hair.
Factors to be considered when selecting each type of product.
Temporary Color – lasts only one shampoo, color might be uneven or last longer in porous hair.
Semi-Permanent Color – lasts up to eight shampoos, vibrancy of color gradually fades with each
shampoo.
Quasi-Permanent Color – no lift possible, contains chemicals
Permanent Color – the result is permanent & regrowth occurs every 4 – 6 weeks.
Lightening Products – contains strong chemicals, the result is permanent.
HAIR & SKIN TESTS
The chart below shows the porosity level of samples of hair from 3 different clients after
running 2 tests on the samples. The first test was done by sliding your fingers up the
shaft in the direction of point to root. The second test was done by add the samples to a
POROSITY LEVEL
POROSITY TEST
6
4
2
0
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3
HAIR SAMPLES
glass of water.
Test 1 Results: Hair cuticles from Sample 2 were the smoothest which means it is non-
porous and hair cuticles from Sample 1 were the roughest which means it is porous.
Test 2 Results: Hair cuticles from Sample 2 was floating in the water, this is because
non-porous hair doesn’t allow water in it due tightly closed hair cuticles and hair cuticles
from Sample 1 sunk to the bottom due to chemical damage and large openings in the
hair cuticles.
Page | 46
The chart below shows the results after conducting a skin test on clients’ skin with their
chosen color mixed in peroxide and each tested at a larger area. The mixture was left
exposed to dry for the same time.
CENT (REDNESS)
REACTION PER-
100% SKIN TEST

CLIENT 1 CLIENT 3
50% CLIENT 2
CLIENT 4
0%
10 15 20 25
SIZE OF TESTED AREA (mm)
Test Results: Clients 1,2 & 3 had a positive reaction resulting in redness of the skin but
at different levels while Client 4 had a negative reaction with no changes to the area
tested.
The chart below shows the results obtained from an elasticity test between 4 clients with
the same hair length. The test is conducted by slightly misting the hair with water the
25
ELASTICITY TEST Original Length
20
Length (inches)
Stretched Length
15
10
0
Client 1 Client 2 Client 3 Client 4
stretching the hair.

Test Results: The test results obtained shows the results of different clients’ wet hair
when stretched. The more coily the hair is, the more elasticity it has, and the opposite is
true for straight hair.
The chart below shows the results after conducting a color test on a small portion of
clients’ hair to achieve their desired color. The test is conducted by applying the chosen
40 COLOR TEST
Time (minutes)
30
20
10
0
Client 1 Client 2 Client 3 Client 4
color to a section of the hair.
Test Results: The test results achieved were positive. Each client got their desired color
results, but each took different times.
Page | 47
The chart below shows the results obtained from an incompatibility test on a sample of
clients’ hair.
Color Change ‫סּ‬
‫סּ‬
Reaction
Bubble
Fizz ‫סּ‬
Heat ‫סּ‬
No Change ‫סּ‬
CLIENT 1 CLIENT 2 CLIENT 3
The test is conducted by taking samples from each clients’ hair and placing it in a
solution of 20cc liquid 6% and 1cc of perm solution (or a solution of 20:1 liquid peroxide
& ammonium hydroxide) and left for 30 minutes.
Test Results: The solution from each client varied. The solution from Client 1 changed
color and gave off heat which meant metallic salts were present. The solution from
Client 2 bubbled and fizzed which also meant metallic salts were present. The solution
from Client 3 made no changes which meant no metallic salts were present.
STRAND TEST
A strand test was done on a client’s hair during a coloring service to check if the desires
color was achieved or if the permanent color needed more time. This was done by
wiping off the permanent color from a few strands of hair.
Test Results: After approximately 30 minutes a strand test was done on the client’s hair
and the permanent color was developed and the client’s desired color was obtained with
no damage done to the hair.
Why is it important to record test results?

Accurate records give clients a sense of confidence in you and your salon. Each
recorded test from services help you grow and avoid future issues and potential legal
trouble; these records can serve as evidence in legal situations. It’s also your way of
tracking progress, client history and service experiences. Overall, it portrays a
professional image and your willingness to care for your clients through the service you
provide.
Page | 48
THE COLOR STAR/WHEEL Natural hair pigments contain color
The color star/wheel is used to create pigments which you can see through the
and mix harmonious color schemes to hair’s pigment. The pigments are called
achieve a range of colors. It provides us melanin and more melanin creates
with the primary and secondary colors to darker hair while fewer pigments create
further mix to our heart’s content. lighter hair.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxidizing

agent in dye mixtures, its oxides the
melanin which absorbs visible light and
give hair its color. Hydrogen peroxide is
measured in volumes of oxygen
liberated per solution. The strength of
the peroxide is measured in percentage.
For Example: 3% = 10 volume, 6% = 20

volume, 9% = 30 volume.
INTERNATIONAL COLOR MANFACTURER’S

CHART INSTRUCTIONS
The International Color Chart is a No matter what industry you are in,
worldwide numbering system that is being able to follow instructions is a vital
used to classify & describe hair’s color skill set. As it applies to salon and
depth, so that each hair color has a manufacturer’s instructions the same
definition recognized across the globe. remains true. Following the
manufacturer’s instructions can prevent
NATURAL HAIR hazards as they provide technical
information to form risk assessments to
ensure proper PPE is worn and proper salon to be associated with any client’s
handling is done. death or illness.
DANGERS OF POWDER COLORING SERVICE

LIGHTENERS INHALATION PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS
Inhaling high amounts of powder RESULT TOO DARK/LIGHT

lighteners can cause serious health
problems such as: lung fluid and severe During a coloring service it is possible
short breath. Its also know to cause for a color to either be too dark or too
choking, coughing, chest tightness, light. When it’s too dark the issues can
internal damage, respiratory tract be the colors development, the
scarring and asthma attacks. Some of peroxide’s weakness, incorrect
these issues even worsen to the point of product/color, or the hair’s present color
death and you would not want your was not considered.
Page | 49
Either way once the hair is too dark you Scalp irritation occurs when product is
can use a lightener to lift the hair. too strong, the client has an allergy to
product, possible cuts or abrasion, or
If the hair is too light, the issues can be products not removed properly.
the hair is overdeveloped, peroxide is However, you can quickly remove the
too strong, incorrect color/product, the product, rinse the scalp with cool water
natural hair color was not considered or or refer to GP if required.
the hairs porosity.
UNEVEN COLOR RESULT
Either way once the results is too light,
use a quasi-permanent color to darken Uneven result is usually caused by poor
the hair. mixing of products, uneven application,
hair is porous dur to prior application,
SKIN STAINING incorrect selection color for white hair,
Skin stains can also be a problem in the underdevelopment, or overlapping of
salon due to poor application, dry skin, color. There are only two remedies for
or failure to use barrier cream. Luckily, this problem, which is to either apply a
there are solutions to this problem, you quasi-permanent color if suitable or spot
can quickly use a stain remover or if not tint/bleach uneven areas.
too late, emulsify color at the back
wash.
SCALP IRRITATION TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

USED FOR
COLORING/LIGHTENING  Spray bottles
 Latex and vinyl gloves
HAIR  Timers
 Clips
Tools and Equipment used for coloring
and lightening hair: Color Preparation Tools
Color Processing Equipment  Plastic protective capes

 Colour mixing bowls
 Shampoo bowls
 Colour brushes
 Shampoo chairs
 Tube squeezers
 Bleach-proof and color-safe
 Bleach applicators
towels
 Colour removal wipes
 Shampoo bowls
 Cotton rolls
 Shampoo chairs
 Cotton balls
 Bleach-proof and color-safe
towels  Neck strips
 Designated storage for hair  Foil
coloring supplies  Tint applicators
 Highlighting, and neutralizing
Hair Coloring Basics Tools caps
 Stylist aprons
 Brushes and combs  Mixing whisks
Page | 50
CORRECT USE AND Sectioning Clips – used to separate

the hair to make coloring easier and
MAINTENANCE OF TOOLS
prevent sections from touching after
& EQUIPMENT color is applied.
Measuring Flasks & Mixing Barrier Cream – used to avoid

Bowls – used to accurately measure staining on the client’s skin/hairline. It is
hydrogen peroxide, the amount used to also helpful for client’s whose skin is
color is very important for a successful sensitive to chemical-based products.
outcome.
Disposable Vinyl Gloves – its good
Brushes – used to distribute color practice to wear 30cm glove to protect
evenly and accurately throughout the the wrist. Be sure to dispose of them
hair; these must be washed and after use.
sterilized after each client.
Towels & Gowns – used to dry hair, wear the proper PPE. Wear disposable
cover head
and clothes
from
chemicals
and water.
Clean
HEALTH
Hair
coloring
requires
handling harmful chemicals. Therefore,
gloves, dry hands thoroughly and
be careful when handling products.
regularly moisturize to prevent contact
Ensure all tests are carried out. Always
dermatitis. Always follow the
gown your client properly to protect
manufacturer’s instructions. Avoid
them from spillage of chemicals. Always
inhalation of powder lighteners. The
Page | 51
FULL HEAD APPLICATION
Above shows a mannequin’s completed semi-permanent color service which was

done as a full head application.
REGROWTH
Client’s grey hair before coverage. Client’s hair afte
APPLICATION applic
& PERMANENT
COLOR
The following pictures

shows a client
receiving a regrowth
application and then
finished with a
permanent color
Client hair after the completing the permanent colour process. Satisfied client paying
for our great service.
PULLED THROUGH/WEAVED LIGHTENER

Below shows a pulled through/weaved lightener on a mannequin
PULLED THROUGH/WEAVED PERMANENT COLOR
Below shows a pulled through permanent colour done on a mannequin.
PERM & NEUTRALISE HAIR
TYPES OF PERM LOTIONS
There are two types of perm lotions, acid, and alkaline perms. Acid perms are pH 6-7
and alkaline perms are pH 7.1 – 9.5. The lower the pH the less damaging it is to the
hair. Acid perms require heat or a heat activator to open the cuticle layer when they a
mixed mild heat is generated. They are called exothermic acid perms.
NEUTRALIZING TECHNIQUES
Neutralizers can be applied in different ways, below two of the techniques used are
highlighted:
1. The neutralizer can be applied straight from the bottle.

2. The neutralizer can be foamed up on the head using a sponge.
PERMING & NEUTRALIZING EFFECTS ON THE HAIR
Perming is the done by the process of reduction. The perm lotion deposits hydrogen
which attaches its to the hair’s disulphide bond which is then broken to be sulphide
bonds. When this happens, the hair can change to the new shape of the perming rod.
Neutralizing is done by the process of oxidation. The neutralizer fixes the hair in place
by fixing the hair in a beta keratin state. Without this process the curl cannot survive.
Factors to be considered:
When using perming lotions and neutralizing products, there are factors that must be
considered before performing, here are two factors:
1. Hair condition – the hair condition such as the hair type, texture and resistance
are all important.
2. Previous Service – the client’s previous should be considered. It is very important
to know if any chemicals are present and how recent was it put in.
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT FOR PERMING & NEUTRALISING
 Apron & gloves  Cotton wool

 Pintail comb  Water spray
 Section Clips  Timer
 Untangle/Wide-tooth comb  Perm/Bendy rods
 End papers  Accelerator
 Band protectors  Bowls
 Barrier cream  Sponge
Page | 55
MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS
Following manufacturer’s instruction will always be very important. It is these

instructions that prevent incidents and accidents from happening in the salon. They are
the guide on how to receive the best possible results with the least possible harm done
while using products and equipment.
HAIR TESTS
It is important that you carry out all the relevant test before perming a client’s hair.
Below five tests that are done for perming services are highlighted.
POSORSITY TESTS are to be carried out before any service on dry hair to determine
how rough or smooth the hair is.
ELASTICITY TESTS are carried to test for weak hair that has been stretched and is
breaking off. After frequent chemical treatment the hair gets damage, if the hair is in
good condition, it will stretch as normal.
DEVELOPMENT CURL TEST should be carried out before every perm service to
identify if the perm has fully developed.
PERM SKIN TESTS is to be carried out to test for an allergic reaction or sensitivity to
the product.
PRE-PERM TESTS are to be carried out to identify if the rod size and perm lotion
choice are suitable the desired result.
RECORD RESULTS
Recording test is a beneficial practice as it helps you keep track your regular clients’
services and help you maintain or improve their results. It is a good of knowing what
products and services are in the client’s best interest. Be sure to record all the tests that
were conducted, questions asked and client’s answer for future reference. Reinforcing
the habit will benefit both you and client’s going forward.
CHECKING CURL DEVELOPMENT
To check the curl development, partially unwind a perm roller and push hair towards the
root area This is to be done to different areas 3-4 times around the hair.
R E ACT ION
P E R CE N T
100%
PERM
76%
SKIN TEST
65%
50%
0% 5%
0%
C L IENT 1 C LIENT 2 C LIENT 3 C LIENT 4
The chart above shows four clients perm skin tests were conducted on and the
percentage of negative reaction on each client.
Page | 56
FACT SHEET
CHOOSING A SECTIONING TECHNIQUE
When choosing sectioning techniques, it is important that you consider the client’s hair
condition and hair length. You don’t want to choose a technique that does more harm
than good to your client’s hair.
CHOOSING PERM RODS
When choosing different size perm rods, the length and texture of the hair are important
factors to consider. To further narrow your prospects, you should consider the type of
curl desired. Take time you carefully select the best and healthiest option for the most
attractive hair results.
TEMPERATURE ON THE PERMING PROCESS
Perms need an ingredient which produces or adds heat to open the cuticle layer for the
perm to penetrate the cortex layer. When processing perm you need a warm
environment, the cold will increase the development time. Temperature also affects the
client’s comfort; most clients are more comfortable in warmer temperatures.
ACCURATE TIMING & THOROUGH RINSING
It is important to be as accurate as possible with timing to ensure the bonds in the
cortex are formed. Inaccurate development times usually results in underdevelopment.
It is also important to ensure that all the applied products are properly rinsed out of the
hair to avoid over processing and damage to the hair.
IMPORTANCE OF PRE-PERM & POST PERM
Pre-perm is used before perming to properly even out the porosity of the hair. Post
perm is used after perming the hair to bring the hair back to its normal pH and close the
cuticles.
PERMING & NEUTRALIZING PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS CAUSES REMEDIAL ACTION
FISH HOOKS Poor Wind Trim Ends
STRAIGHT PIECES Large Sections, Large Rods, Poor Re-perm if Possible

Wind, Uneven Application,
Loosened Rods.
SKIN/SCALP IRRITATION Lotion on Scalp, Allergic Reaction, Rinse Scalp & Hair with Cool
Tight Rods/Tension Water, Refer to GP if Required
FRIZZ Small Rods, Tight Wind, Strong Conditioning Treatments, Regular
Lotion, Overdeveloped Trims.
LACK OF CURLS Barrier on Hair, Resistant Hair, Re-perm if Possible
Incorrect/Weak Perm,
Underdeveloped, Faulty Lotion
Page | 57
9 SECTION WIND
Below shows a 9 sectional wind on a mannequin that resulted in a beautiful hairstyle
DIRECTIONAL WIND
Below shows a directional wind done on a client and dressed up into a hairstyle
BRICK WIND
Below shows a brick wind done on a mannequin
Page
| 59
THE ART OF DRESSING HAIR
There are factors that should be considered before and during dressing hair to choose
the right products and use them in the right quantity to acquire the best results. Some of
those factors are:
 Hair Length – should be considered since long hair requires more maintenance.
Longer layers would need suitable products and styling tools.
 Hair Density & Texture – sparse & fine hair would need body but would dry
quicker, whereas coarse & abundant hair takes longer to dry and looks rough
and big so smoother styles would be difficult to maintain.
 Head & Face Shape – if presented with a round shape avoid at the side or
height with extra width because it enhances the round shape. If presented with a
square shape, provide styles that soften the jawline and a slightly on the face. If
presented with an oblong face avoid height and add width and avoid lengths
below the jaw. If presented with a heart shape avoid width at the temple area
and add balance near the jawline.
 Features – if presented with pointed features avoid center parts or anything that
draws attention to the areas.
 Elasticity & Porosity – porous hair takes longer to dry and tangles or breaks
and weak hair loses its elasticity so avoid stretching.
Sparse ‫סּ‬
Hair Factors
Fine
Long Hair
Porous
Short Hair
Coarse
CLIENT 1 CLIENT 2 CLIENT 3
‫סּ‬
‫סּ‬ ‫סּ‬
‫סּ‬
‫סּ‬
‫סּ‬
Above shows a chart with three clients that have some factors to be considered before
dressing their hair.
THE EFFECTS OF STYLING ON THE
HAIR STRUCTURE - Too much of one thing
is not good, same goes for styling. Thermal
degradation can occur from excessive you use
of styling tools via softening of the keratin,
disruption of the three-dimensional structures
due to water loss, and conformational changes
in the protein which affects the strength,
elasticity, curl, shine, and texture of the hair.
ON BASE
HUMIDITY - Hair absorbs moisture from the atmosphere
(hygroscopic) which affects the hairstyle as the beta keratin state returns to alpha
keratin due to the moisture
softening the temporary hydrogen
bonds, taking the hair back to its
original state
INCORRECT USE OF HEAT –
The incorrect use of heat burns
the scalp damaging the outer layer,
causing dehydration and
discoloration to the hair.
Page | 61 LONG HAIR UP FINGER DRYING
STYLE GUIDE
Off-Base curls are flat

On Base curls are curls
curls that are formed by
with volume and lift. A
direct the wind of base.
section of the hair is
This involves dragging
rolled and combed
the root away from the
upwards, held at 90o and
roller base section. Then
wind downwards around
complete wind atBLOW
45o DRYING
the roller ensuring that
allowing the roller to
the completed roll sits
almost sit on the root of
OFF BASE on the base of its
the section below. Allow
section at the root area.
the roots to dry.
For long hair-up its best

to set the hair first as
foundation. Back The goal when finger
combing/brushing helps drying is to achieve
keep the hair in place, volume, movement
increases the duration of and/or curl. You should
the style, improves the massage the root in the
shape & provides direction of the lift and
Rollers – remove hair and product debris, clean Straightening Irons – Clean with disinfectant wipe
with hot soapy water & disinfect in baricide or Curling Iron – Clean with disinfectant wipes.
sanitise in a UV. Curling Wands - Clean with disinfectant wipes.
Hood Dryer – clean with disinfectant wipes. Heated Rollers – Clean with hot soapy water.
Pin-Curl Grips – clean clips and sanitise in UV. Feathers, Ribbons, Flowers. – now client’s
Grips & Pins – now client’s property. property.
PRODUCTS FOR STYLING, DRESSING & FINISHING
Combs, Brushes, Hand-Held Hairdryer,

Diffuser, Nozzle, Rollers, Hood Dryer, Pin-
Curl Clips, Grips & Pins, Straightening
Irons, Curling Irons, Curling Wands. Heated
Rollers, Feathers, Ribbons & Flowers.
Hand-Held Dryer –
Brushes – remove hair &
Clean the air vent,
debris, clean with hot
check the temp.
soapy water & disinfect
settings & wipe with
in baricide solution /
disinfectant wipe.
sanitise in UV cabinet.
Diffuser – Wipe with
Combs – Clean with hot
disinfectant wipe.
soapy water & disinfect TOOLS, EQUIPMENT & ACCESSORIES
Nozzle – Clean with hot
in baricide solution or The following
soapy water and use
sanitize in UV.
Page | products are used for styling,
62 disinfectant wipe.
dressing, and finishing:
Mousse, Activators, Blow-dry Lotion, Anti-frizz Lotion Moisturizer, Serum, Heat
Protector, Gel, Oils, Wax, Dressing Cream Hairspray.
Back combing and back brushing are the simplest and best way to lift and increase volume as
well as remove the indentations caused roller setting. These techniques have no damaging
effects of on the hair.
FINGER DRYING - Below shows a client receiving a finger drying service.
WET SET WITH PINCURLS – Below show wet set pin-curls done on a mannequin
PURPOSE OF BACK COMBING & BACK BRUSHING WHEN DRESSING HAIR
LONG HAIR UP DO – Below shows a full long hair up service given to a client
BLOW DRYING
Below shows two clients receiving a blow dry service.
ASSIGNMENT 215 - PRACTICAL OBSERVATION
MANUAL SCALP MASSAGE FOR CONDITIONING & RELAXATION
Below shows a manual scalp massage done for conditioning & relaxation on a client.
BARBERING – Below shows a full barbering service done on a male client.

PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS CONDUCTED
TEMPORARY COLOR - OMBRE
Below shows a temporary colour done on a mannequin
HIGHLIGHTS
Below shows a highlight done on a mannequin
HAIRCUTS CONDUCTED
90O LAYERED
BLUNT CUT
AFTER – SIDE VIEW BEFORE AFTER – FRONT VIEW
BEFORE AFTER

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ASSIGNMENT 201 ………………………………. Pages 1 - 10

Hair & Scalp Treatment

Perming & Straightening

Color Change & Color Correction

• How to work hygienically and safely.

• How to consult clients.

• How to shampoo and condition the hair and scalp

• How to create a positive impression of yourself within your organization.

• How promote products and services to your

ORGANIZATIONS WITHIN THE HAIR INDUSTRY

CAREER PATHWAYS WITHIN HAIRDRESSING SALONS AND THE HAIR INDUSTRY

EDUCATION & TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES

MANUFACTURERS & SUPPLIERS

Manufacturers produce the necessary goods for a company’s or person’s sale

John Paul Mitchell

Systems is an American largest cosmetics

FREELANCE HAIRDRESSER MANAGER

Salon Manager/Owner - A Salon Manager/Owner manage the overall operations

EDUCATION & TRAINING

Level 1 – Basic Qualification

Level 3 – Specialized/Experienced Hairdresser Qualification

Level 4 – Supervisor/Manager Qualification

OPPORTUNITES TO DEVELOP & PRMOMOTE YOUR PERSONAL IMAGE

Employment Information Sheet

EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION

Employee Contract of Employment

Full Name: _________________________________________________________

I ______________________ [employee name] agree to the above-mentioned terms and conditions

Date Effective Signature of Employee

HEALTH & SAFETY PRATICES IN THE SALON

Health & Safety Work Act

In Trinidad and Tobago, it is known as the "TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Employers’ responsibilities under these regulations are:

Take immediate action if employees are injured or taken ill at work.

Employees’ responsibilities under these regulations are:

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

What is Personal Protective Equipment?

Personal protective equipment for the employee should be supplied by the

PPE for the stylist and assistant are:

Gloves to protect your hands from chemicals and staining.

Persons who suffer from asthma or have any allergies should:

Protect Your Hands.

It is important to protect to protect your hands to avoid occupational dermatitis.

Follow these five simple steps to healthy hands.

1. Wear non-latex disposable gloves for shampooing, conditioning removing

Employers’ responsibilities under these regulations are to:

MANUAL HANDLING OPERATIONS

Employers’ responsibilities under these regulations are to:

CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH

Hazardous substances must be:

We refer to this as SHUD – store, handle, use and dispose.

Employers’ responsibilities under these regulations are to:

Employees’ responsibilities under these regulations are to:

ELECTRICITY AT WORK REGULATIONS

Employees’ responsibilities under these regulations are to:

REPORTING INJURIES, DISESES & DANGEROUS

Employers’ responsibilities under these regulations are to:

Report any above occurrences immediately.

RESONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYERS & EMPLOYESES

It is everyone’s responsibility to help keep the workplace safe and

Identify and assess the risks

Eliminate or minimize Review and report for