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MUTUAL BENEFIT COUPON SYSTEM

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COLLECTION: BASED ON ISLAMIC IDEOLOGY
REVENUE OF INCENTIVES

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165,000
300,000
487,000
700,000
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149,998
274,998
449,998
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