7

English

Quarter 2 – Module 7

TRANSCODING
LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR TEXTS
(DAY 1)
Pre-test
Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a text form that comes in sentences requiring the reader to read the text, from beginning
to the end.
A. descriptive text C. non-linear text
B. linear text D. persuasive text
2. It is a text form that comes in the form of tables, charts, and diagrams.
A. linear text C. non-linear text
B. descriptive text D. persuasive text
3. It is a visual representation of the breakdown of items in percentages as slices of a pie which
total to 100%.
A. linear text B. non-linear text C. pie chart D. Venn diagram
4. It is a non-linear text which displays the information as a series of data points connected by
line segments to show trends.
A. bar graph B. line graph C. pictograph D. pie chart
5. The following are examples of linear text EXCEPT:
A. letters B. novels C. poems D. tables and charts
6. Which non-linear text will you use to show similarities and differences of a concept?
A. bar graph B. line graph C. pie chart D. Venn diagram
7. Which visual representation refers on the arrangement of facts and figures in columns and
rows?
A. histogram B. infographic chart C. line graph D. tables
8. Which of the linear texts gives information and opinions about current events and news?
A. newspaper C. Short Story
B. poem D. Novel

For items number 9-11, identify non-linear representations below.

9. 10. 11.

A. Venn Diagram A. Venn Diagram A. Venn Diagram

B. bar graph B. bar graph B. bar graph
C. line graph C. pie chart C. pie chart
D. pie chart D. pictograph D. pictograph
For items number 12- 15, refer to the non-linear text below.

12.Which item composes the 5% of the total budget?

A. Education C. Transportation
B. Emergency fund D. Utility bills
13. Which item receives the biggest share in the family’s budget?
A. Education B. Food C. Transportation D. Utility Bills
14. Which item is ¼ of the total expenses?
A. Education B. Food C. Transportation D. Utility Bills
15. What conclusion can you make out of the data presented in the chart?
A. The family does not have a car.
B. The family saves much for emergency expenses.
C. Fifty percent (50%) of the family’s budget is spent on food.
D. Most of the family members are still studying in high school.
DAY 2
Lesson 1 Linear and Non-linear Text

What I Need to Know

After going through the process of discovery with the learning tasks, you are expected to:
1. differentiate linear texts from non-linear texts, and
2. explain the importance of presenting information in both linear and non-linear forms in
understanding an idea.

What’s In
Study the picture.

Process Questions:
1. Which one catches your attention first?
2. Which of the two can you easily understand?
 What’s New
It has been said that an image is worth a thousand words to deliver a powerful message.
The sign and the group of words above is processed differently by the viewers. That is why aside
from the written words, we need visuals to enhance our understanding of the text. In this lesson,
you will find out the difference between linear and non-linear texts.
LINEAR TEXTS
Linear text refers to traditional text that needs to be read sequentially - from beginning
to the end. Here, the reader understands the meaning of the text through grammatical and
syntactic arrangement of words. Generally, texts printed on paper are considered linear texts.
Examples of linear texts are novels, poems, letters, textbooks, newspaper articles,
and educational texts. Linear texts can also be electronic such as those materials and other
linear forms posted on the internet. Shown below are examples of linear texts.
Examples of Linear Text
Poem It is a piece of writing that partakes of the
nature of both speech and song that is nearly
always rhythmical, usually metaphorical, and
often exhibits such formal elements as meter,
rhyme, and stanza structure.
Novel It is a fictitious prose narrative of book
length, typically representing character and
action with some degree of realism. It is
composed of many chapters.

Newspaper
It is a publication printed on paper and
issued regularly, usually once a day or once a
week. It gives information and opinions about
current events and news.

NON-LINEAR TEXTS
Non-linear texts are presented using various kinds of graphics. This kind of texts is non-
sequential; the reader has the freedom to decide the sequence in reading the text. It does not
require him to read from beginning to end.
Non-linear texts include flow charts, concept maps, tables, and diagrams, maps,
illustrations and photos. Such materials are called graphic aids or graphic organizers.

Examples of Non-linear Text

Flow It is a diagram of the sequence of
chart movements or actions of people or
things involved in a complex system
or activity.
Concept
Map Venn diagram is a non-linear form
composed of two or three overlapping
circles showing the similarities and
differences of ideas/ objects
compared.
Table A statistical table is a systematic
method of arranging information and
data in rows and columns. Every
category is assigned a row or column.
If the data are arranged and placed in
their respective cells, on a table, it is
easy to compare the figures across
categories.

A circle graph (pie chart) uses a

circle to show the parts of something.
The entire “pie” represents 100
percent of a whole, while the pie
“slices” represent portions of the
whole.

A bar graph shows relationships of

ideas presented. It works similarly to a
line graph but differs in the use of bars
of different heights to show different
values.
Graphs

A line graph uses lines to record and

present changes over a period of time.

A picture graph is similar to a bar

graph. However, it uses pictures
instead of bars.
Non-linear texts or graphic aids are used to:
• Summarize figures
• Show trends
• Show comparisons
• Show relationships
• Clarify difficult concepts

Importance of Linear and Non-linear text

The importance of linear and non-linear text is their reading path. In a linear text, a reader
can make sense of the text by reading sequentially, from beginning to the end. However, in
a nonlinear text, the reading path is nonlinear and non-sequential; thus, the reader can
choose his own reading path.

What I Can Do
Directions: Classify the following as linear or non-linear.
_________1. The poem, Like the Molave
_________2. A height and weight chart displayed in your classroom
_________3. A dashboard in front of the principal’s office showing the enrolment trend of the
school for three years
_________4. An excerpt of the story, A Footnote to Youth by Jose Garcia Villa
_________5. An illustration explaining how typhoons are formed

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the statement below.

The importance of linear of text and non-linear text is

_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.

What’s More
Directions: Identify the kinds of linear and non-linear text.

________________1. This is a regularly printed publication which gives current events,

information, opinion, and others.
________________2. This is a non-linear text which shows the relationships of ideas by using
bars of different heights to show different values.
________________3. This is a non-linear text which uses pictures.
________________4. This is a type of graph which uses a circle to show the parts of something.
________________5. This is a piece of writing that partakes of the nature of both speech
and songs.
DAY 3
Lesson 2 TRANSCODING LINEAR TO NON-LINEAR TEXT

After going through the process of discovery with the learning tasks, you are expected to:
1. transcode linear to non-linear text; and
2. determine the different steps in transcoding linear to non-linear text.

What’s In

What kind of text is this?

The text above is a poem which is an example of a linear text. In order to understand
this, a reader reads through the entire printed text to get its meaning or idea.

What’s New
Linear texts are the most common ones. Reading them from start to end is necessary
while Non-linear texts are used to simply summarize a text in an easier, faster and a more
understandable way without changing the whole thought or idea of the text using
representations, charts or organizer.
To better understand Linear to Non-linear, read the text, study the diagram and answer
the questions that follow.
The oldest musical instrument in the world is the drum, which was originally made
in one of three ways. Frame drums were made by stretching sin over bowl-shaped
frames. Rattle drums were made by filling gourds or skins with dried grains, shells or
rocks. Tubular drums were made from hollowed logs or bones covered with skins and
struck with the hand or with beaters to produce sounds.
In contrast, rattle drums were shaken or scraped to make rhythmic sounds. For
thousands of years, drums have been used to transmit messages to call soldiers to
battle and to make music.
 DRUMS

Frame Drums Tubular Drums Rattle Drums

Made with filling

Made by stretching Made from hollowed
gourds or skins with
skins over bowl- logs or bones covered
dried grains, shells or
shaped frames with skins
rock

Struck with the hands Shaken or scraped to

or with beaters to make rhythmic
produce sounds sounds

Process Questions:
1. What is the linear text all about? What information does it contain?
2. What information is presented in the diagram?
3. What have you noticed with the linear text and the diagram?
4. Which of the two can you easily understand? Why?

If you have noticed, the linear text talks about the oldest musical instrument, its
classification and its characteristics. The non-linear also shows the same information as the
linear. The only difference between the two (2) types of text is in the presentation of the
information.
How is the linear text transcoded into non-linear?
To transcode means to change the language or information from one form (linear) to
another (non-linear). Here are the steps to follow:

Step 1: Read the passage to get a general idea of the subject matter.
Step 2: Look at the visual to identify what information is needed to complete the chart.
Step 3: Locate the relevant information in the passage and transfer it to the chart. Use
only key words or phrases – not whole sentences.
Step 4: You may be required to classify information into categories under Headings. You
may have to come up with your headings.

What I Can Do
Directions: Read the linear text and transcode it to the non-linear.

The word ‘mountain’ refers to any region of land that is raised rather steeply above the
surrounding terrain. Geologists believe that most mountains are formed by movements in the
earth’s crust. The earth’s crust is made up of a number of vast plates that move at a rate of a
few centimeters a year. These movements lead to the collision and separation of continents
and the subsequent development of mountain belts. The Himalayas, for example, were raised
by the compression and collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Besides that, mountains are
also formed by the forces of erosion. Rocks on the surface of the earth have different
compositions. These rocks are continuously exposed to erosive actions. The areas which are
relatively hard may stand high above the softer areas, which are more easily eroded rocks. The
best example is the Ozark Maountains in Arkanzas and Missouri. Finally, mountains are also
formed by volcanic activity. A famous example in this category is Mount Fuji in Japan. This type
of mountain has a conical peak composed of lava and volcanic debris. Many of these mountains
have summit craters that still release steam and debris.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the statement below.

I have learned that in transcoding linear to non-linear, I must __________________________

______________________________________________________ .

What’s More
.
Direction: Transcode this linear text to non-linear text by completing the diagram. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Life Cycle of a Butterfly
The female butterfly lays her eggs on leaves or stems of plants that the young will feed on.
The larva or caterpillar hatches from the eggs. Caterpillars have huge appetites and feed
almost constantly.
The caterpillar attaches itself to a twig and the exoskeleton splits to reveal the chrysalis.
The chrysalis (or pupa) hangs down from the twig. Inside the body of the caterpillar is
transforming into the butterfly.
The chrysalis casing splits and the adult butterfly emerges.
The butterfly will go on to mate and lay eggs so the cycle can begin again.
DAY 4

Lesson 3 TRANSCODING NON-LINEAR TO LINEAR TEXT

What I Need to Know
After going through the process of discovery with the learning tasks, you are expected to:
1. transcode non-linear text to linear text; and
2. determine the different steps in transcoding non-linear text to linear text.

What’s In

What kind of graph is this?

The graph above is a pie graph/circle graph which is a type of a non-linear text.

What’s New
In the previous lesson, you transcode linear text to non-linear. At this point you will do
the opposite which is transcoding non-linear to linear.
Non-linear to Linear
Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow. Take note how the ideas
are presented in non-linear to linear forms.
COVID-19 UPDATE IN CEBU CITY
NUMBER OF NEW CASES
FROM NOV. 1 TO 13, 2020
70 59
60
50
40
28
30
18
20 10 13 12
5 7 4 5 6 4
10 1 3
0
Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. 9 Nov. 8 Nov. 7 Nov. 6 Nov. 5 Nov. 4 Nov. 3 Nov. 2 Nov. 1
14 13 12 11 10
A.
 B.

Based on the graph, COVID-19 new cases in Cebu from November 1-14 is
increasing. November 1 has 3 active cases, November 2 has 1 case, November 3
has 4 cases, November 5 has 5 cases, November 6 has 4 cases, November 7 has 12
cases, November 8 has 7 cases, November 9 has 5 cases, November 10 has 13
cases, November 11 has 28 cases, November 12 has 10 cases, November 13 has
18 cases and November 14 has the highest number of COVID cases.

Process Questions:
1. What have you observed with the non-linear and linear text?
2. What information is presented in the nonlinear and linear text?
3. Do they present the same information?
4. Which types of the text do you easily understand? Explain.

Notice that the two types of text contain the same information but differ in the presentation
of the information.

How is the non-linear text transcoded into linear?

To transcode non-linear text to linear, the following steps will help you:

1. Take some time reading the graphs/charts, and other graphic aids.
2. Make sure you understand axes. Axes are the horizontal and vertical lines of a graph or
chart, referred to as the X-axis, and the Y-axis, respectively.
3. Be sure to follow lines on graph or chart and pay attention to key ideas data or information.
4. Make sure correct grammar is observed.
5. Organize information clearly and write legibly and neatly.

What I Can Do
Directions: Write five-ten (5-8) sentences explanation of the main points presented in the
infographic below. Be guided with the criteria.

Criteria:
Content (focus on the topic) - 5pts.
Organization (arrangement of ideas) - 5 pts
Mechanics (grammar, spelling, choice of words) - 5 pts.
Total 15 pts
 What I Have Learned
Directions: Answer the question briefly.

1. What is the importance of linear and non-linear texts?

________________________________________________________________________.

What’s More
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, divide the circle to show the amount of time you
spend on different activities each normal day.

How I Spend My Day

 (DAY 5)

Posttest
Directions: Read each item carefully and write only the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a non-linear text which displays the information as a series of data points connected
line segments to show trends.
A. bar graph B. line graph C. pictograph D. pie chart
2. The following are examples of linear text EXCEPT:
A. letters B. novels C. poems D. tables and charts
3. Which non-linear text will you use to show similarities and differences of a concept?
A. bar graph B. line graph C. pie chart D. Venn diagram
4. Which visual representation refers on the arrangement of facts and figures in columns and
rows?
A. histogram B. infographic chart C. line graph D. tables
5. Which of the linear texts gives information and opinions about current events and news?
A. Newspaper B. poem C. Short Story D. Novel
6. It is a visual representation of the breakdown of items in percentages as slices of a pie which
total to 100%.
A. linear text B. non-linear text C. pie chart D. Venn diagram
7. It refers to the kind of text that comes in the form of tables, charts, and diagrams.
A. linear text C. non-linear text
B. descriptive text D. persuasive text
8. It refers to a text form that comes in sentences requiring the reader to read the text, from
beginning to the end.
A. descriptive text C. non-linear text
B. linear text D. persuasive text

For items number 9- 12, refer to the non-linear text below.

9. Which item composes the 5% of the total budget?

A. Education C. Transportation
B. Emergency fund D. Utility bills
10. Which item receives the biggest share in the family’s budget?
A. Education B. Food C. Transportation D. Utility Bills
11. Which item is ¼ of the total expenses?
A. Education B. Food C. Transportation D. Utility Bills
12. What conclusion can you make out of the data presented in the chart?
A. The family does not have a car.
B. The family saves much for emergency expenses.
C. Fifty percent (50%) of the family’s budget is spent on food.
D. Most of the family members are still studying in high school.

For items number 13-15, identify non-linear representations below.

13. 14. 15.

A. Venn Diagram A. Venn Diagram A. Venn Diagram

B. bar graph B. bar graph B. bar graph
C. line graph C. pie chart C. pie chart
D. pie chart D. pictograph D. pictograph

REFERENCES

BOOKS
Catacutan, Carol Mina C.,et.al. 2006. English of the New Generation I ( Philippine
Literature). Quezon City: Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc.
DepEd. 2017. English Grade 7 Learner’s Material (First Edition). Pasig City: DepEd –
Bureau of Learning Resources.
Littell,Joy (Editorial Director). 1985. Basic Skills in English (Orange Level). Illinois, USA:
McDougal, Littell and Company
Villamin, Araceli M. 1986. Skill Builders for Efficient Reading 8. Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.

ONLINE ARTICLES
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/klam20/linear-and-non-linear-texts-english-9
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-linear-and-nonlinear-
text/#:~:text=and%20Nonlinear%20Text%3F-
,Linear%20text%20refers%20to%20traditional%20text%20that%20needs%20to%20be,from
%20beginning%20to%20the%20end.&text=To%20understand%20the%20difference%20bet
ween,examples%20of%20both%20reading%20paths
ICONS / CLIP ARTS / PICTURES
https://www.vhv.rs/download/hTxJihw_photography-person-clip-art-thinking-clip-art-png/
https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/pie-charts.html
http://www.leoisaac.com/com/com034.htm
http://content.nroc.org/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEXT2_RESOURCE/U08_L1_T1_tex
t_final.html
https://www.clipartmax.com/middle/m2i8K9d3d3G6N4d3_all-interesting-and-special-facts-
about-magento-themes-did-you-know-png/
https://www.hiclipart.com/free-transparent-background-png-clipart-bwaui/download

Acknowledgments:

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Contextualizers/Compilers:
Rhoda B. Caca, MTI, Apas National High School
Michell A. Rosales, TI, Agsungot Integrated School
May L. Suribas, TIII, Apas National High School
Clarisse A. Cortes, TI, Mambaling National High School
Evaluator (Language & Content):
Ethel T. Aguanta,MT I, Pardo National High School
Editor: Trishtan Alexine L. Sabellano, TI, Abellana National School