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  • Computer Architecture

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    Auwal Yusuf
    7 views2 pages
    The document discusses computer architecture at three levels: system design, instruction set architecture (ISA), and microarchitecture. System design includes all hardware parts like processors and memory controllers. ISA includes the central processing unit's functions and capabilities like the instruction set and data formats. Microarchitecture, also called computer organization, defines the data processing and storage elements and how they are implemented in the ISA. Common microprocessors today include Intel Pentium, IBM PowerPC, and Sun SPARC.

    Original Description:

    Computer Architecture Handout

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    The document discusses computer architecture at three levels: system design, instruction set architecture (ISA), and microarchitecture. System design includes all hardware parts like processors and memory controllers. ISA includes the central processing unit's functions and capabilities like the instruction set and data formats. Microarchitecture, also called computer organization, defines the data processing and storage elements and how they are implemented in the ISA. Common microprocessors today include Intel Pentium, IBM PowerPC, and Sun SPARC.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views2 pages

    Computer Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Auwal Yusuf
    The document discusses computer architecture at three levels: system design, instruction set architecture (ISA), and microarchitecture. System design includes all hardware parts like processors and memory controllers. ISA includes the central processing unit's functions and capabilities like the instruction set and data formats. Microarchitecture, also called computer organization, defines the data processing and storage elements and how they are implemented in the ISA. Common microprocessors today include Intel Pentium, IBM PowerPC, and Sun SPARC.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 2

    Comput

    erAr
    chi
    tect
    ure

    Computerarchi
    tectur
    eist he organi
    sat
    ion ofthe components which make up a
    computersy
    stem andthemeaningoftheoperat
    ionswhichgui
    deitsfuncti
    on.Itdefi
    nes
    whatisseenont hemachineinterf
    ace,whi
    chist ar
    getedbyprogrammingl anguages
    andthei
    rcompil
    ers.

    Comput erar chi


    tectureisasetofrulesandmet hodsthatdescri
    bethef unct
    ionali
    ty,
    organizat
    ion,andi mplementat
    ionofcomputersystems.Thearchit
    ect
    ureofasy st
    em
    referstoitsstructureinter
    msofseparat
    elyspeci
    fi
    edcomponent softhatsyst
    em and
    theiri
    nter
    relati
    onships.

    THETHREECATEGORI
    ESOFCOMPUTERARCHI
    TECTURE

    Ther
    ear ethreecategor
    iesofcomput
    erar
    chi
    tect
    ure,andal
    lwor
    ktoget
    hert
    omakea
    machinefuncti
    on.

    SYSTEM DESI
    GN

    Sy
    stem desi gnincl
    udesallhar
    dwar epartsofacomputer
    ,incl
    udingdataprocessors,
    mult
    iprocessors,memorycontrol
    lers,anddir
    ectmemoryaccess.Ital
    soincludesthe
    gr
    aphicsprocessinguni
    t(GPU).Thisparti
    sthephysi
    cal
    computersyst
    em.

    I
    NSTRUCTI
    ONSETARCHI
    TECTURE(
    ISA)

    Thisi ncl
    udesthef unct
    ionsandcapabi l
    it
    iesofthecentr
    alprocessingunit(
    CPU).I
    tis
    theembeddedpr ogrammi nglanguageanddefi
    neswhatprogrammi ngitcanper
    for
    m or
    process.Thi spartisthesof twarethatmakest hecomputerrun,suchasoper ati
    ng
    systemsl ikeWindowsonaPCori OSonanAppl eiPhone,andincludesdataf
    ormats
    andt heprogrammedi nstruct
    ionset.

    MI
    CROARCHI
    TECTURE

    Microarchi
    tect
    ureis al
    so known as comput
    erorgani
    sat
    ion and defi
    nes the dat
    a
    processingandstor
    ageelementandhowtheyshoul
    dbeimplement
    edi ntot
    heISA.Iti
    s
    thehardwareimplement
    ationofhowanISAisi
    mplement
    edinapart
    icularpr
    ocessor.

    THEEVOLUTI
    ONOFPROCESSORS

    Compl
    exInst
    ruct
    ionSetComput
    er(CI
    SC)andReducedInst
    ruct
    ionSetComput
    er(
    RISC)
    ar
    ethet
    womaj orappr
    oachest
    oprocessorar
    chi
    tect
    ure.

    CISCprocessorshaveasingleprocessi
    ngunit,externalmemory,andasmal lr
    egist
    er
    setwi
    thhundr edsofdi
    ffer
    entinst
    ructi
    ons.Thesepr ocessor
    shaveasi ngl
    einst
    ructi
    on
    toper
    form atask,andhavetheadvantageofmaki ngt hej
    oboftheprogrammereasier,
    asfewerli
    nesofcodeareneededtogetthej
    obdone.Thi
    sappr
    oachusesl
    essmemor
    y,
    butcantakel
    ongertocomplet
    einst
    ruct
    ions.

    TheRI
    SCar chi
    tect
    urewast heresul
    tofar et
    hink,whichhasledtothedevel
    opmentof
    hi
    gh-
    perf
    ormancepr ocessor
    s.Thehardwareiskeptassimpleandfastaspossi
    ble,
    and
    compl
    exinstr
    ucti
    onscanbeper f
    ormedwi t
    hsimplerinst
    ruct
    ions.

    Micropr
    ocessors are digit
    alsy stems whi ch read and execute machi ne l
    anguage
    i
    nstruct
    ions.Inst
    ructi
    onsar er epresentedinasy mboli
    cf ormatcal l
    edanassembl y
    l
    anguage.Thesear epr ocessorswhi chareimplementedonasi ngle,int
    egrat
    edcircui
    t.
    Commonmi croprocessorsusedt odayar etheIntelPent
    ium series,IBM PowerPC,and
    theSunSPARC,amongot hers.Near lyallmoder nprocessorsar emi cr
    opr
    ocessors,
    whichareoftenavail
    ableasst andar donv onNeumannmachi nes.

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