1.

The fourth-leading risk factor for global mortality is:

A) physical inactivity.
B) cardiovascular disease.
C) cancer.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

2. Light- to moderate-intensity exercise performed for an extended period of time is

called:
A) anaerobic exercise.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) resistance training.
D) cross-fit training.

3. Strength training and sprinting short distances are examples of:

A) aerobic exercise.
B) sub-threshold exercise.
C) anaerobic exercise.
D) supra-threshold exercise.

4. The minimum number of calories the body needs to maintain bodily functions
while at rest is called:
A) aerobic threshold.
B) resting metabolism.
C) caloric baseline.
D) basal metabolic rate.

5. One calorie is equivalent to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature
of __________ of water __________ degree Celsius.
A) 1 gram; 1 degree
B) 1 ounce; 2 degrees
C) 5 grams; 5 degrees
D) 10 grams; 10 degrees

6. The closest thing we have to a fountain of youth is:

A) a healthy diet.
B) good sleep habits.
C) regular exercise.
D) state-of-the-art health care.

7. Physical fitness includes each of the following components EXCEPT:

Page 1
A) muscular strength.
B) low body weight.
C) endurance.
D) flexibility.

8. Which of the following is a measure of cardiorespiratory endurance?

A) anaerobic capacity
B) BMR
C) VO2max
D) ambulatory blood pressure

9. Which of the following reduces the risk of death and has a favorable influence on
a person's self-image, self-esteem, and depression?
A) Anti-depressant medication
B) Stopping all use of tobacco products
C) Reducing the amount of trans fat in the diet
D) Improving one's physical fitness

10. What proportion of people in the United States get the minimum recommended
amount of weekly physical activity?
A) One in four
B) One in five
C) One in ten
D) One in twenty

11. One research study (Broom and others, 2009) reported that levels of the hormone
____________, high levels of which stimulate _____________, were lower when
participants exercised.
A) PYY; hunger
B) ghrelin; hunger
C) ghrelin; satiety
D) cortisol; satiety

12. The recommended amount of exercise for healthy adults between the ages of 18
and 65 years is:
A) moderate aerobic activity for at least 30 minutes, three days each week.
B) intense aerobic activity for at least 15 minutes, seven days each week.
C) moderate aerobic activity for at least 60 minutes, five days each week.
D) moderate aerobic activity for at least 30 minutes, five days each week.

Page 2
 13. Osteoporosis is a disorder characterized by:
A) declining bone density due to calcium loss.
B) elevated blood pressure.
C) a weakened immune system.
D) respiratory problems.

14. Regular exercise may reduce the risk of cancer by influencing:

A) T cell counts.
B) natural killer cells.
C) proinflammatory cytokines.
D) white blood cells.

15. Endurance-trained athletes preserve the length of ___________ in their

___________, which otherwise systematically decrease with aging.
A) telomeres; chromosomes
B) telomeres; white blood cells
C) DNA segments; chromosomes
D) DNA methylation; body cells

16. Exercise increases ____________ sensitivity, which is especially important for

people living with:
A) insulin; diabetes mellitus.
B) glucose; metabolic syndrome.
C) cortisol; cardiovascular disease.
D) thyroxin; lymphoma.

17. Brandon, a college sophomore, has high levels of blood pressure, blood-sugar,
and triglycerides; excess body fat around his waist; and low HDL cholesterol. His
doctor would most likely say that Brandon:
A) will “mature out” of these attributes.
B) has metabolic syndrome.
C) is doing too much resistance training as part of his exercise regimen.
D) is too sensitive to insulin.

18. The hormone that helps move sugar into cells where it's used for energy is:
A) glucagon.
B) thyroxin.
C) ghrelin.
D) insulin.

Page 3
 19. Neuroimaging data demonstrate that aerobic exercise is associated with increased
activity in the ____________, which predicts better ___________ functioning.
A) prefrontal cortex; cognitive
B) amygdala; emotional
C) temporal lobe; auditory
D) occipital lobe; visual

20. Animal studies show that aerobic exercise promotes learning and performance by
increasing ______________ in the brain, which stimulates neurogenesis.
A) temperature
B) the number of telomeres
C) white blood cell counts
D) growth factors

21. Exercising too much can:

A) accelerate the loss of bone density.
B) lead to arthritis.
C) increase the risk of dying from a heart attack.
D) do none of these things, each of which is an exercise-related myth.

22. Self-efficacy refers to:

A) beliefs about one's ability to distinguish different subjective norms in different
situations.
B) beliefs about one's ability to perform a certain health behavior.
C) the ability to self-regulate one's emotions.
D) a patient's attitude regarding the importance of treatment compliance.

23. Bill finds it very difficult to start an exercise program because he hates the
unpleasant feelings of stiffness and sore muscles that he is sure he will
experience at the beginning of each workout. Bill is evidently experiencing:
A) low exercise self-efficacy.
B) low self-esteem.
C) forecasting myopia.
D) aerobic anxiety.

24. Recent studies have suggested that neighborhood socioeconomic status

influences health, in part because of:
A) differences in physical activity.
B) health disparities.
C) the decline in physical education classes.
D) low exercise self-efficacy.

Page 4
 25. With the approach of night, a person's body temperature begins to drop. This
illustrates the dynamics of the:
A) dopamine reward system.
B) REM/NREM cycle.
C) basal metabolic rate.
D) circadian rhythm.

26. After flying from California to Maine, Francine experienced a restless, sleepless
night. Her problem was probably caused by a disruption of her normal:
A) dopamine reward system.
B) circadian rhythm.
C) BMR.
D) delta waves.

27. Adolescents today average ___________ sleep each night than that averaged by
their grandparents as teenagers.
A) one hour less
B) one hour more
C) two hours less
D) three hours less

28. The most important factor in setting our internal 24-hour biological clock is
bright light, which signals the brain's _______ to decrease its production of
______________.
A) prefrontal cortex; dopamine
B) hypothalamus; ghrelin
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus; melatonin
D) corpus callosum; PYY

29. Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with:
A) NREM-1 sleep.
B) NREM-2 sleep.
C) REM sleep.
D) sleep spindles.

30. Carl has decided to go to bed early. Although his eyes are closed and he's very
relaxed, he has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the
presence of:
A) delta waves.

Page 5
B) alpha waves.
C) sleep spindles.
D) rapid eye movements.

31. The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called:
A) alpha waves.
B) sleep spindles.
C) delta waves.
D) K-complex waves.

32. Large and very slow delta waves are especially likely to be associated with:
A) NREM-1 sleep.
B) NREM-2 sleep.
C) NREM-3 sleep.
D) REM sleep.

33. The dozing, half-awake stage of sleep is:

A) NREM-1 sleep.
B) NREM-2 sleep.
C) NREM-3 sleep.
D) REM sleep.

34. During which stage of sleep is the brain's motor cortex active, while the muscles
remain relaxed?
A) NREM-1 sleep.
B) NREM-2 sleep.
C) NREM-3 sleep.
D) REM sleep.

35. The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every:

A) 30 minutes.
B) 60 minutes.
C) 90 minutes.
D) 120 minutes.

36. During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more
time in:
A) NREM-4 sleep than in NREM-2 sleep.
B) REM sleep than in NREM-3 sleep.
C) NREM-3 sleep than in REM sleep.

Page 6
D) NREM-1 sleep than in REM sleep.

37. About half of the sleep of full-term newborns is:

A) REM sleep.
B) NREM-1 sleep.
C) NREM-2 sleep.
D) NREM-3 sleep.

38. The phenomenon called social jet lag refers to the fact that people today:
A) need less sleep than their ancestors did.
B) need more sleep than their ancestors did.
C) sleep less than their counterparts did 100 years ago.
D) sleep more than their counterparts did 100 years ago.

39. Adults who habitually sleep more than seven hours night after night:
A) have lower resting heart rates and higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness.
B) are less likely to be obese or hypertensive.
C) have lower rates of cardiovascular disease.
D) are at risk for health problems such as obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

40. Sleep loss can lead to exaggerated pain perception, perhaps by increasing blood
levels of:
A) ghrelin.
B) PYY.
C) cortisol.
D) interleukin-6.

41. A persistent problem in falling or staying asleep is called:

A) apnea.
B) narcolepsy.
C) insomnia.
D) a sleep disparity.

42. Poor sleep promotes increased body weight by triggering:

A) an increase in the hormone ghrelin and a decrease in the hormone leptin.
B) a decrease in the hormone ghrelin and an increase in the hormone leptin.
C) an increase in both ghrelin and leptin.
D) a decrease in both ghrelin and leptin.

Page 7
 43. Sleep loss may contribute to the development of diabetes because it promotes:
A) insulin resistance.
B) insulin sensitivity.
C) chronic inflammation.
D) neurogenesis.

44. Cardiometabolic disease is a complex of chronic conditions that include:

A) cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
B) cancer, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.
C) cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.
D) diabetes, obesity, and immunodeficiency.

45. Neurogenesis refers to:

A) the damaging neural effects of chronic sleep loss.
B) the suppressed immunity that accompanies sleep loss.
C) the formation of new nerve cells during sleep.
D) All of these refer to neurogenesis.

46. Most deaths caused by falling are classified as __________ because

___________.
A) unintentional injuries; the injured person didn't intend for it to happen
B) intentional injuries; they are, in fact, suicides
C) intentional injuries; they could have been prevented
D) unintentional injuries; they are predictable and preventable

47. The leading cause of death among people between ages 1 and 44 is:
A) cardiovascular disease.
B) cancer.
C) unintentional injury.
D) AIDS.

48. Among younger age groups, _____________ are the leading cause of death;
among older age groups, ____________ are the leading cause of death.
A) external causes; chronic conditions
B) external causes; external causes
C) chronic conditions; external causes
D) chronic conditions; chronic conditions

49. The terms injury and trauma underscore the fact that most injuries are:
A) random events.

Page 8
B) unavoidable events.
C) predictable and unavoidable.
D) predictable and preventable.

50. The most prevalent type of injury resulting in death among adolescents and
young adults is:
A) homicide.
B) suicide.
C) motor vehicle accidents.
D) falling.

51. A key factor in why adolescents and young adults are prone to unintentional
injury is:
A) poor decision making.
B) slow reflexes.
C) immature visual acuity.
D) the slow pace at which the brain's limbic system matures.

52. Fear, excitement, and other intense emotions originate in the ___________,
which is part of the ___________.
A) prefrontal cortex; limbic system
B) amygdala; limbic system
C) hypothalamus; endocrine system
D) cingulate gyrus; central nervous system

53. Emotional regulation, impulse control, and thoughtful analysis occur in the
brain's:
A) prefrontal cortex.
B) amygdala.
C) hypothalamus.
D) cingulate gyrus.

54. The __________ areas of the brain develop ahead of the ______________ areas.
A) analytic; executive
B) executive; analytic
C) impulse control; emotional
D) emotional; executive

55. When compared with 18- to 23-year-olds, people 14 to 15 years of age display:
A) decreased arousal in the limbic system.

Page 9
B) increased arousal in the limbic system.
C) increased arousal in the prefrontal cortex.
D) equivalent levels of arousal in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex.

56. Which of the following is NOT one of the preventive measures aimed at reducing
motor vehicle accidents caused by poor decision making in young drivers?
A) graduated drivers licensing
B) restricted night driving
C) driver "buddy systems"
D) no teenage passengers

57. Between ages 55 and 54, ____________ causes the most injury-related fatalities.
A) poisoning
B) motor-vehicle crashes
C) suicides
D) homicides

58. Most unintentional deaths from poisoning are caused by ________, especially
_________.
A) household chemicals; drain cleaning products
B) recreational drugs; methamphetamine
C) drugs; prescription painkillers
D) food-borne agents; E. coli

59. The low rate of ____________ between ages 18 and 25 is offset by a high rate of
___________.
A) unintentional injury; chronic illness
B) chronic illness; violent deaths
C) violent deaths; chronic illness
D) chronic illness; acute illness

60. The most common method of suicide among males is ___________, and the
most common method among females is _____________.
A) firearms; firearms
B) firearms; poisoning
C) poisoning; poisoning
D) poisoning; firearms

61. Cutting, self-administered tattoos, and inserting objects under the skiing are
examples of:

Page 10
A) non-suicidal self-injury.
B) pre-suicidal self-destruction.
C) suicide gesturing.
D) unintentional self-injury.

62. The second leading cause of unintentional injury deaths worldwide is:
A) overexertion.
B) cutting or piercing.
C) poisoning.
D) falling.

Page 11
Answer Key

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. C
15. B
16. A
17. B
18. D
19. A
20. D
21. D
22. B
23. C
24. A
25. D
26. B
27. C
28. C
29. C
30. B
31. B
32. C
33. A
34. D
35. C
36. B
37. A
38. C
39. D
40. D
41. C
42. A
43. A
44. C

Page 12
45. C
46. A
47. C
48. A
49. D
50. C
51. A
52. B
53. A
54. D
55. B
56. C
57. B
58. C
59. B
60. B
61. A
62. D

Page 13