Wordpress

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 What is Wordpress?
• WordPress is an online, open source website creation tool
written in PHP and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database.
• It’s probably the easiest and most powerful blogging and
website content management system (or CMS) in existence
today.
• WordPress is an open source Content Management System
(CMS), which allows the users to build dynamic websites and
blog. WordPress is the most popular blogging system on the
web and allows updating, customizing and managing the
website from its back-end CMS and components.
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• WordPress was initially released on
27th May, 2003 by Matt Mullenweg
and Mike Little. Matt Mullenweg
• WordPress was announced as open
source in October 2009.

Mike Little 4
 Features
• You can create a dynamic website without any programming and design
knowledge.
• Theme-based, which provides you options for various open-source and
premium design themes, which can be integrated easily without any
designing knowledge.
• Plugins, which can be used to add new required modules.
• WordPress sites are search engine optimization (SEO) friendly, and it
means sites built-in WordPress can be easily optimized for search
engine listings.
• WordPress is Multilingual, which allows users to translate content in
their language.
• WordPress has an inbuilt Media Management System, which is used to
manage images, music, documents, etc. and can be used with text
content. 5
 Advantages
• WordPress is free and an open-source platform under the GNU
General Public License (GPL).
• Design themes customization in WordPress is straightforward.
• It allows you to manage users with different roles and
permissions.
• WordPress media management is quick and easy to use.
• WordPress provides WYSIWYG editor to manage your text
content, which is very useful for manipulating the layout of the
document.

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System Requirements for WordPress
• Database − MySQL 5.0 +
• Web Server −
• WAMP (Windows)
• LAMP (Linux)
• XAMP (Multi-platform)
• MAMP (Macintosh)
• Operating System − Cross-platform
• Browser Support − IE (Internet Explorer 8+), Firefox,
Google chrome, Safari, Opera
• PHP Compatibility − PHP5.2+
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Get Started with Wordpress

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Customize Wordpress

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 License?
• GNU Public License. The license under which the WordPress
software is released is the GPLv2 (or later) from the Free
Software Foundation.
• It means anyone has the right to use as well as modify the
WordPress software for free.
• A copy of the license is included with every copy of
WordPress, but you can also read the text of the license.

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WORDPRESS OVERVIEW
 Developer  Written in  Website
Wordpress  PHP  Wordpress.org
Foundation Operating  Type
 Initial release System  Blog Software
 May 27, 2003  Unix Content
 Stable release  Windows Management
 5.1.1  Linux System
 March 12 2019
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WordPress is a factory that makes webpages
• It stores your content that allows you to create & publish webpages
only requiring a domain and a hosting site to work.
• WordPress has a web template system
• A web template system lets web designers and developers work with
web templates to automatically generate custom web pages, such as
the results from a search.
• This reuses static web page elements while defining dynamic
elements based on web request parameters.
• Web templates support static content, providing basic structure and
appearance.
• Developers can implement templates from content management
systems, web application frameworks, and HTML editors.
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• A Web Template System is composed of the
following:
• A template engine: the primary processing
element of the system.
• Content resource: any of various kinds of
input data streams, such as from a relational
database, and other kinds of local or networked
data;
• Template resource: web templates specified
according to a template language;
• The template and content resources are
processed and combined by the template engine
to mass-produce web documents.

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• A template processor (also known as
a template engine or template parser)
is software designed to combine
templates with a data model to
produce result documents.
• WordPress’s architecture is a front
controller, routing all requests for
non-static URIs to a single PHP file
which parses the URI and identifies
the target page. This allows support
for more human-readable permalinks.

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XAMPP Installation

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WordPress Installation

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• Extract contents
from the
downloaded
wordpress software
to a folder inside
htdocs folder.
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Start Apache and MySQL in XAMPP control panel

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Create a database

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Installation of WordPress Software

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WordPress Dashboard

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THEMES
• WordPress users may install and switch among different themes.
• Themes allow users to change the look and functionality of a
WordPress website without altering the core code or site content.
• Every WordPress website requires at least one theme to be present
and every theme should be designed using WordPress standards
with structured PHP, valid HTML (HyperText Markup Language),
and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
• Themes may be directly installed using the WordPress
"Appearance" administration tool in the dashboard, or theme
folders may be copied directly into the themes directory.
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• WordPress themes are generally classified into two categories: free and premium.
• Many free themes are listed in the WordPress theme directory, and premium themes are
available for purchase from marketplaces and individual WordPress developers.
• WordPress users may also create and develop their own custom themes. The free theme
Underscores created by the WordPress developers has become a popular basis for new
themes.

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 PLUGINS
• WordPress' plugin architecture allows users to extend the features and
functionality of a website or blog.
• WordPress.org has more than 55,757 plugins available, each of which offers
custom functions and features enabling users to tailor their sites to their specific
needs.
• However, this does not include the premium plugins that are available
(approximately 1,500+), which may not be listed in the WordPress.org
repository.
• These customizations range from search engine optimization, to client portals
used to display private information to logged in users, to content management
systems, to content displaying features, such as the addition of widgets and
navigation bars. Most plugins are available through WordPress themselves,
either via downloading them and installing the files manually via FTP or
through the WordPress dashboard.
• However, many third parties offer plugins through their own websites, many of
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which are paid packages.
MOBILE APPLICATIONS
• Phone apps for WordPress exist for WebOS, Android, iOS (iPhone,
iPod Touch, iPad),Windows Phone, and BlackBerry.
• These applications have options such as adding new blog posts
and pages, commenting, moderating comments, replying to
comments etc.

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WORDPRESS - DASHBOARD
• The WordPress Dashboard is a first screen which will be seen when
you log into the administration area of your blog which will display
the overview of the website.
• It is a collection of gadgets that provide information and provide an
overview of what's happening with your blog.
• You can customize your needs by using some quick links such as
writing quick draft, replying to latest comment, etc.
• Dashboard can be categorized as shown in the following snapshot.

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WordPress -
Dashboard

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Admin Bar

• The black bar at the top represents admin bar. It only displays when admin is
logged in. That's why this is called admin bar.
• It contains the following items:
• A WordPress icon - It contains information about WordPress, WordPress.org,
documentation, etc.
• Home of your site - It brings you to the Home page of your site
• Notifications - All the notifications will be shown here. We have 1
notifications here.
• Comments - Display comments on your blog where you can edit, reply or
delete a comment.
• New - You can add up a new page, post, media or user.
• Admin name - It is displayed at the right end of the admin bar showing
logged in user name (currently logged in user name is admin). You can edit
your profile and Logout from here. 10
Dashboard Menu/Sidebar menu
The WordPress Dashboard provides navigation menu that contains some menu options
such as
Dashboard - Display received updates
Posts - Manage posts on your blog
Media - Manage media content library like images, audio and video
Pages - creating and managing pages
Comments - display all the comments on your blog
Appearance - change the appearance of your site
Plugins - extend capabilities of the website and manage them
Users - shows all your site's users. Allows editing your site by
changing password and name
Tools - contain a collection of programs for performing some non-routine management
tasks.
Settings - used to set the basic configuration of your site. 11
Screen Options
• The dashboard contains different types of widgets which can be shown
or hidden on some screens.
• It contains check boxes to show or hide screen options and also allows
us to customize sections on the admin screen.

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Welcome to WordPress
• This is displayed at the top middle of the dashboard. There is a button to
customize your site using different themes.
• It contains different links to create blog, view your site and many more as
shown.
• There is an option at the top right corner to remove this widget. If you
want to remove it you can. But if you want it back, click on screen
options drop-down menu.

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 At a Glance
• You can have a look on how many posts, pages and comments are
there in your site. These comments also include spammed comments.
It tells about which theme is currently running on your site.
• It also tells about some additional information if some plugins are
installed.

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Activity
• The Activity widget includes latest comments on your blog, recent
posts and recently published posts.
• It allows you to approve, disapprove, reply, edit, or delete a comment.
It also allows you to move a comment to spam.

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Quick Draft
• The Quick Draft is a mini post editor which allows writing, saving
and publishing a post from admin dashboard.
• It includes the title for the draft, some notes about the draft and save it
as a Draft.

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WordPress News
The WordPress News widget displays the latest news
such as latest software version, updates, alerts, news
regarding the software etc. from the official WordPress
blog.

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 WORDPRESS SETTINGS
WORDPRESS - GENERAL SETTING

WordPress general setting is used to set

the basic configuration settings for
your site.
• Step 1 − Click on Settings →
General option in WordPress.

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Step 2 − The General Setting page is
displayed as shown in the following
snapshot.

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Following are the details of the fields on general
settings
• Site Titlepage.
− It displays the name of the site in the template header.
• Tagline − Displays a short sentence about your site.
• WordPress Address (URL) − It is the URL of WordPress directory
where your all core application files are present.
• Site Address(URL) − Enter the site URL which you want your site to
display on the browser.
• E-mail Address − Enter your e-mail address which helps to recover
your password or any update.
• Membership − Anyone can register an account on your site after you
check this checkbox.
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• New User Default Role − The default role is set for the newly
registered user or members.
• Timezone − Sets the time zone based on the particular city.
• Date Format − Sets the date format as you need to display on the
site.
• Time Format − Sets the time format as you need to display on the
site.
• Week Starts On − Select the week day which you prefer to start for
WordPress calendar. By default it is set as Monday.
• Site Language − Sets the language for the WordPress dashboard
Step 3 − After filling all the information about general settings, click
on Save Changes button. It saves all your general setting
information. 21
WORDPRESS - WRITING SETTING
• The writing settings controls the writing
experience and provides options for
customizing WordPress site.
• These settings control the features in the
adding and editing posts, Pages, and Post
Types, as well as the optional functions like
Remote Publishing, Post via e-mail, and
Update Services.
• Step 1 − To change writing settings, go to
Settings → Writing option.

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Step 2 − The Writing Setting page is displayed
following screen.
as shown in the

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Following are the details of the fields on the write setting page.
• Formatting −
• Contain options to Convert emoticons like :-) and :-P to graphics
on display
• Default Post Category − It is a category to be applied to a post and
you can leave it as Uncategorized.
• Default Post Format − It is used by themes to select post format to
be applied to a post or create different styles for different types of
posts.

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• Post via e-mail − This option uses e-mail address to create posts
and publishes posts on your blog through e-mail.
• Mail Server − It allows reading the e-mails that you send to
WordPress and stores them for retrieval. For this, you need to have
POP3 compatible mail server
• Login Name − To create posts, WordPress will need its own e-mail
account. The Login Name will use this e-mail address and should be
kept as a secret as spammers will post links redirecting to their own
websites.

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• Password − Set password for the above e-mail address.
• Default Mail Category − It allows selecting custom category for
all the posts that are published via Post by e-mail feature.
• Update Services − When you publish a new post, WordPress will
automatically notify the site update services in the box.

Step 3 − After filling all the above information, click on Save

Changes button to save your information.

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WORDPRESS - READING SETTING

• Reading Setting is used to set the

content related to the front page.
• You can set the number of post to be
displayed on the main page.

• Step 1 − Click on Settings →

Reading option in WordPress.

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Step 2 − The Reading Settings page is displayed
as shown in the following screen.

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Following are the details of the fields on reading settings.
• Front page displays − This section is used to display the front page
in any of the following format:
• Your latest posts − It displays latest posts on the front page.
• A static page − It displays the static pages on the front page.
• Front Page − You can select the actual page you want to display
on front page from the drop down.
• Posts Page − You can select the page from the drop down which
contains posts.
• Blog pages show at most − The number of posts to be displayed per
page or site. By default, it is set as 10.
• Syndication feeds show the most recent − The user can view the
number of posts when they download one of the site feeds. By
default, it is set as 10.
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•For each article in a feed, show − This section is used to display the
post by selecting any of the following formats −
• Full Text − It displays the complete post. It is set as default.
• Summary − It displays the summary of the post.
•Search Engine Visibility − After clicking on the checkbox, Discourage
search engines from indexing this site, your site will be ignored by the
search engine.

Step 3 − After filling all the information, click on Save

Changes button to save your Reading Setting information.

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WORDPRESS - DISCUSSION SETTINGS

• WordPress discussion setting can be

defined as the interaction between the
blogger and the visitors.
• These settings are done by the admin
to have a control over the posts/pages
that come in through users.
• Step 1 − Click on Settings →
Discussion option in WordPress.

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Step 2 − The
Discussion
Settings page
is displayed as
shown in the
following
snapshot.

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Following fields are seen in
• Default article settings − These settings are default to the new pages
Discussion settings.
you create or new posts. This contains three more settings. They are
• Attempt to notify any blogs linked to from the article − When
you publish articles then it sends a notification (sends pings and
trackback) to other blogs.
• Allow link notifications from other blogs (pingbacks and
trackbacks) − Accepts pings from other blogs.
• Allow people to post comments on new articles − You can
allow or disallow other people to comment on your article using
this setting.
• You can change the settings as per your will for individual
articles.
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Other Comment Settings − This setting has the following options −
• Comment author must fill out name and e-mail − When you check this
box, it is mandatory for visitors to fill their name and email address.
• Users must be registered and logged in to comment − If you check this
box, only those registered visitors can leave comments, if not checked
anyone can leave any number of comments.
• Automatically close comments on articles older than days − This option
allows you to accept comments only for a particular time period as per your
wish.
• Enable threaded (nested) comments − When you check this option, visitors
can reply or have a discussion and get responses.
• Break comments into pages with top level comments per page and the
page displayed by default − If your pages are getting a lot of comments
then you can split them into different pages by checking this box.
• Comments should be displayed with the comments at the top of each
page − You can arrange the comments in the form of ascending or
descending order. 34
• Email me whenever − This setting contains two options, namely −
• Anyone posts a comment − When you check into this box, the author
gets an e-mail for every single comment that is posted.
• A comment is held for moderation − This is used in case you do not
want your comment to be updated before it's moderated by the admin.
• Before a comment appears − This setting allows how your posts are
controlled. There are two more settings as followed −
• Comment must be manually approved − If you check this box then
only the approved comments by the admin can be displayed on the
posts or pages.
• Comment author must have a previously approved comment −
This can be checked when you want to approve a comment of an
author whose has commented and his e-mail address matches the e-
mail address of the previous posted comment. Otherwise the comment
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is held for moderation.
• Comment Moderation − Contain only a specific number of links that
are allowed into a comment.
• Comment Blacklist − You can input your own spam words which you
do not want your visitors to enter into the comments, URL, e-mail etc.;
later it would filter the comments.
• Avatars − Avatar is a small image that displays at the top-right-hand
corner of the dashboard screen beside your name. It is like your profile
picture. Here you have a few more options where you can set your
avatar for WordPress site.
• Avatar Display − It displays your avatar besides your name when
it is checked.

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 • Maximum rating − You have a four other options of avatars you
can use. They are G, PG, R and X. This is the age section where
you select according to which type of audience you want to
display your posts.
• Default Avatar − In this option, there are few more types of
avatars with images; you can keep these avatars according to your
visitors e-mail address.
Step (3) − Click on Save Changes button to save the changes.

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 WordPress - Media Setting

• It is used to set the height and width

of the images which you're going to
use on your website.
• Step 1 − Click on Settings →
Media option in WordPress.

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Step 2 − The Media Settings page
is displayed as seen in the
following screenshot

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Following are the details of the fields on Media settings −
• Thumbnail size − Set the size of the thumbnail.
• Medium size − Set the height and width of medium size images.
• Large size − Set width and height of larger images.
• Uploading files − After checking this checkbox, the uploaded image
will be arranged into year and month based folder.
Step 3 − After setting the dimension in pixels, click on Save
Changes button. It saves your media setting information.

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WordPress - Permalink Setting

• Permalink is a permanent link to a particular

blog post or category.
• It allows setting the default permalink
structure.
• These settings are used to add permalinks to
your posts in WordPress.
• Step 1 − Click on Settings → Permalinks
option from the left navigation menu.

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Step 2 − When you
click on
Permalinks, the
following page
appears on the
screen.

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Here are a few settings you can make −
• Common settings −
• Check any of the radio buttons to choose your permalink structure for
your blogs
• Default − It sets the default URL structure in Wordpress.
• Day and name − It sets URL structure according to the date and
name in your posts.
• Month and name − It sets the URL structure according to the
month and name in your post.
• Numeric − It sets numbers in the URL structure in your post.
• Post name − It sets post name in the URL structure in your post.
• Custom Structure − It sets the URL structure of your choice by
writing the desired name in the given text box.
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• Optional
• These are optional. You can add custom structure for main
category or tag URL. If your text box is empty then default
settings is used. Here you have two options.
• Category Base − Add custom prefix for your category URL.
• Tag Base − Add custom prefix to your Tags URL.
Step 3 − Once you are done with changes, click on Save Changes
button to save the permalink settings.

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 WordPress - Plugin Setting
• Plugin allows to easily modify, customize
or enhance WordPress blog or post.
• The WordPress Plugin is a software that
can be uploaded to expand the
functionality of the site.
• They add services or features to
WordPress blog.
• Plugins are used to make your work
easier.
• Step 1 − On the left side bar, Click on
Plugins → Installed Plugins as shown in
the screen.
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Step 2 − The following page
appears.
In this section, you can view the Step 3 − Click on →
already installed plugins. Plugins → Add New
menu.

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 WORDPRESS CATEGORIES
WORDPRESS - ADD CATEGORY

• Category is used to indicate sections of

your site and group related posts. It sorts
the group content into different sections.
• Step 1 − Click on Posts → Categories
option in WordPress.

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Step 2 − The Categories page is
displayed as shown in the
following screenshot.

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Following are the details of the fields on Categories.
• Name − Enter the unique name of categories.
• Slug − A word chosen to describe your post. It is specified in the
tags URL.
• Parent − By selecting the parent category from dropdown, you can
set the particular category as sub-category or can keep it as None.
• Description − Add brief description of your category. It is
optional.
Step 3 − After filling all the information about Categories, click
on Add New Category button.

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Step 4 − After clicking on
Add New Category, the
new created category will
get displayed on the right
side of the page as shown in
the following screen

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 WORDPRESS - EDIT
CATEGORY
•hovers
Step on − Click
1 the Categories, then a→few options get displayed below
on Posts
theCategories
Category in
name. There are two ways to edit the categories Edit
WordPress.
•and Quick
Step − You
2 Edit can view
Category1. When the cursor

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You can edit any of
the required field,
and then click
Update button as
shown in the
following screen.

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Quick Edit − Click on Quick
Edit option in Categories
section as shown in the
following screen.

Here, you can only edit the

Name and Slug of the
category as seen in the
following screen and then
finally click on Update
Category button.

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WordPress - Delete Category

• Step 1 − Click on Posts →

Categories in WordPress.
• Step 2 − You can view
Category1. When the cursor
hovers on the Categories, then
a few options get displayed
below the Category name.
Click on Delete button.
• You can click on OK button
and delete the category
permanently

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When you click on delete, you
will get a pop message asking
for confirmation to delete the
particular category as shown in
the following screenshot.

You can click on OK button

and delete the category
permanently.

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WORDPRESS - ARRANGE CATEGORIES

• You can't arrange categories

directly in WordPress.
• Hence, you will need to install
Category Order plugin to
arrange the created categories in
a particular way.
• Steps− Click on Posts →
Category Order in WordPress.
The Category Order menu
displays after adding the
Category Order plugin.
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Step 2 - In the Step 3 − Now, you can rearrange
following screen, you your categories by just dragging
the categories as per your choice.
can see that the
Click on Order categories button
create categories to save the ordered categories.
section are not in
order.

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Drup a l

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WHAT IS DRUPAL ?

• Drupal is a free and open source Content Management System

(CMS) that allows organizing, managing and publishing your
content.
• This reliable and secure CMS is built on PHP based environment
and powers millions of applications and websites.
• This is carried out under GNU, which means everyone has the
freedom of downloading and sharing it with others.

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Initial Release : May 18, 2000 4
Web site : https://www.drupal.org/

Based on market share statistics, the

most popular content management
system is WordPress, used by over 28%
of all websites on the internet, and by
59% of all websites using a known
content management system, followed by
Joomla and Drupal.

Dries Buytaert 4
Features
• Drupal makes it easy to create and manage your site.
• Drupal translates anything in the system with built-in user interfaces.
• Drupal connects your website to other sites and services using feeds,
search engine connection capabilities, etc.
• Drupal is an open source software hence requires no licensing costs.
• Drupal designs highly flexible and creative website with effective
display quality thus increasing the visitors to the site.
• Drupal can publish your content on social media such as Twitter,
Facebook and other social mediums.
• Drupal provides more number of customizable themes, including
several base themes which are used to design your own themes for
developing web applications.

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Advantages
• Drupal is a flexible CMS that allows handling content types
including video, text, blog, menu handling, real-time statistics, etc.
• Drupal provides a number of templates for developing web
applications
• Drupal is easy to manage or create blog or website. It helps to
organize, structure, find and reuse content.
• Drupal provides some interesting themes and templates which gives
your website an attractive look.
• Drupal has over 7000 plug-ins to boost your website. Since Drupal is
an open source, you can create your own plug-ins.

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 Disadvantages
• Drupal is not a user-friendly interface. It requires advanced
knowledge and few basic things about the platform to install
and modify.
• Drupal is a new content management system. It is not
compatible with other software.
• Performance is low compared to other CMS. The website which
is built using Drupal will generate big server loads and will
never open with a slow internet connection.

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System Requirements for Drupal
• Database − MySQL 5.1 +
• Web Server −
• WAMP (Windows)
• LAMP (Linux)
• XAMP (Multi-platform)
• MAMP (Macintosh)
• Nginx
• Microsoft IIS
• Operating System − Cross-platform
• Browser Support − IE (Internet Explorer 8+), Firefox, Google
Chrome, Safari, Opera
• SSL (Secure Socket Layer) − A valid security certificate is required
for HTTPS
• PHP Compatibility − PHP 5.2+ 8
Drupal Installation
• Download latest version of drupal from the web site :
https://www.drupal.org/
• Drupal requires MySQL database. Create a new empty database

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Login Page

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Architecture of Drupal

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• The architecture of Drupal contains the following layers:
• Users
• Administrator
• Drupal
• PHP
• Web Server
• Database
• Users - These are the users on the Drupal community. The user sends a
request to a server using Drupal CMS and web browsers, search
engines, etc. acts like clients.
• Administrator - Administrator can provide access permission to
authorized users and will be able to block unauthorized access.
Administrative account will be having all privileges for managing
content and administering the site.
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• Drupal - Drupal is a free and open source Content Management
System (CMS) that allows organizing, managing and publishing your
content and is built on PHP based environments. Drupal CMS is very
flexible and powerful and can be used for building large, complex
sites. It is very easy to interact with other sites and technologies using
Drupal CMS.
• PHP − Drupal uses PHP in order to work with an application which
is created by a user. It takes the help of web server to fetch data from
the database. PHP memory requirements depend on the modules
which are used in your site.

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• Web Server − Web server is a server where the user interacts and
processes requests via HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) and
serves files that form web pages to web users. The
communication between the user and the server takes place using
HTTP. You can use different types of web servers such as Apache,
IIS, Nginx, Lighttpd, etc.

• Database − Database stores the user information, content and

other required data of the site. It is used to store the administrative
information to manage the Drupal site. Drupal uses the database
to extract the data and enables to store, modify and update the
database.

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 Drupal - Main Menu
• Menus are very important to
easily navigate in your website.
Menus offer a set of links that
helps you navigate. The Drupal
menu allows you to add, remove
and rename the menus and menu
items.
• Step 1 − Click Structure →
Menus as shown in the
following screen.

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• Step 2 − Click on Add menu option to add menu

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Step 3 − Fill in the required details as shown in the following screen.

• Title - It displays title in the Administrator Menu bar.

• Description - Enter a brief description about the menu. The
description field will display only in the admin dashboard under the
menu list, but it does not display any information to site visitors.
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Step 4 - Once you save the menu bar, the following screen will get
displayed. Here you have to define the path link to your created menu
page. Click Add link as shown in the following screen.

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Step 5 - The created first menu page gets displayed as shown in the
following screen.

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• It contains below fields :
• Menu link title− Specify the name of the menu item.
• Path − Specify the URL path of the page which you want to
display.
• Description − Description about the menu link.
• Enabled − It enables the item to display on menu.
• Show as expanded − If it consists of sub menus, then it will be
displayed under the parent menu item.
• Parent Link − It sets the main structure of menu.
• Weight − Sets the order of menu items.

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Step 6− Now the following screen pops up.

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Step 7 - Click Structure → Menus to get the following screen.
Here, you will see the created first menu name in the list of Menus

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• Drupal - Blocks
Blocks are container & Regions
objects that are used to organize your content of
your website. It can be displayed in the regions on your page.
• Step 1 − Click Structure in Drupal as shown in the following screen.
Then, click Block layout.
Blocks are boxes of
content rendered into an
area, or region, of a web
page (such as "User
Login" or "Who's online")
that can be displayed in
regions (such as footer or
sidebar) on your page.
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Step 2 − Block layout page gets displayed. Click Demonstrate
block regions(Bartik).

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Demonstration of block region

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 Blocks in our site

Step 3 - If you want to

assign a block to a region,
just click the “Place
Block” button and you’ll
be presented with an
overlay showing all the
available blocks.

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• Step 4 - Locate the region in
the list and click Place block
next to it. The Place block
window appears, listing all
the blocks.
• Locate the block Opening
hours and location and
click Place block next to it.

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• Step 5 - The Configure
block window appears.
Fill in the fields (title,
display title, region) as
shown below.
• Click Save block.
The Block layout page
appears.

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Step 6 - Click custom block library. A block page will gets
displayed to create a new custom block as shown in the
following screen. Click Add custom block.

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Step 7 - Enter the block
description and Save.
New block gets displayed in the
custom block library.

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My new block is added to the Custom block library

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After the installation process, you will automatically land on your
newly created Drupal site.

Home Page

1
 Get to Know the User Interface
• Content - Here, you can create basic content like posts and pages. It is
also where you take care of comments and find your site’s media library.
• Structure -This is where you manage all structural elements of your site
including blocks, forms, content types, menus, and taxonomies.
• Appearance - It contains the settings for themes and other appearance-
related options as well as site updates.
• Extend - Under this menu, you can install and uninstall Drupal
modules.
• Configuration - Gives you access to your site settings.
• People - Contains options for users, roles and permission levels.
• Reports - Here, you find logs, update information, status reports, errors,
search phrases and other information about your site.
• Help - The central hub for helpful information about basic site
administration as well as any modules installed on your site. 1
 Drupal - Themes & Layouts
• A theme is a set of files that define the visual look and feel of your
site.
• A custom theme can be as simple as a single CSS file that adds
styling to the markup provided by the core software.
• The core software and modules that run on your site determine which
content (including HTML text and other data stored in the database,
uploaded images, and any other asset files) is displayed on the pages
of your site.
• The theme determines the HTML markup and CSS styling that wraps
the content.
• Layout is an arrangement of text and graphics.

1
Change Your Drupal Site’s Theme
Step 1: Appearance > Install new theme

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• It is not possible to find
themes from inside the
Drupal back end. For that,
you need to go to the
official Drupal theme
directory, for which you
also find a link at the top of
the theme installation page.
• More than 2,700 themes
are available in the
directory. The directory
gives you several ways of
filtering them so you can
find what you are looking
for. 1
• When choosing a theme,
make sure it fits your level of
technical ability, allows you
to create the design vision
you have in mind and is
mobile responsive.
• All themes in the directory
also have their own page
where you can read up on
their details and check out a
live demo.
1
• When you have found the right one, installing it on your site is
quite easy.
• Either download the theme from the directory (you find options
at the bottom) or right-click the download link and copy its
location.

1
• You can use either the file or the URL to upload the theme to your
site

• After that, you still need to install it from the Appearance taband
activate it (called Set as default in Drupal). 10
12
When you have done
so and you go back to
your site (there is a
button in the upper left
corner), you can see
the new theme in
action.

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12
Configure the Theme
• Once you have installed
and activated a new
theme, you find it at the
top of the list in the
Appearance menu.
• Most themes come with
configuration options that
you can access by
clicking the Settings link
next to them.
Alternatively, use the
Settings tab on top and
then pick the theme that
you want to edit. 12
 Both get you to this screen.

You are able to make any changes that your theme offers and,
depending on your theme, even preview it at the same time.
This can be to change the color scheme, enable/disable user
pictures, upload logos and favicons, set backgrounds, filters and
a lot more. When you build a website with Drupal, definitely
make sure to swing by here so you can take advantage of
everything your theme has to offer. 15
 Create a New Front Page
If you have good content on your website and expect your visitor to see that
particular content first, then that article must be on the frontpage.
Step 1:Content > Add content > Basic page. It will take you to this screen:

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1
2
3

6
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1. You are able to create content with a basic editor. At the top, you have
the option to define a page title that will also appear on your site.
2. Below that, you find a link that says Edit summary. When you click it,
it gives you the option to provide a summary for your post or page.
3. Below that, there is the option to input and format the body text. For
example, you can make the text bold and italic, add and remove links,
create lists, define block quotes, insert images, and use the drop-down
menu to define headings. Additional options such as inputting tables
or horizontal dividers are available when you switch to Full HTML at
the bottom.
4. put together the content you want.

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5.Once you are done, make sure that on the right side underURL
Alias, you define a slug or URL ending for your page. This
happens simply by inputting something like
/front-page into the field.
6.After that, at the bottom, save the post and make sure that the
box before Published is ticked.

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• In order to define your
new page as the front
page, you now have to
go to Configuration >
System > Basic site
settings. Here, under
the Default front page,
input the same slug
that you just defined
for your new page.
• Once you have done
that and saved the
configuration, your
content should show
up on the front page of
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your Drupal site.
21
 Create Another Page and Add It to theMenu
• As a next step, we now want to create an About page and add it as a
menu item. The first few steps are the same as before. Create a basic
page, populate it with content.
• However, this time, before publishing, make sure to click on Menu
Settings and tick the box that says Provide a menu link.
• Once you are satisfied with your settings, save the page (with
Published active).

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13
What if the menu is in the wrong order? Edit menu

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 Activate and Deactivate Default Modules
Programs that can add all sorts of features and functionality to your Drupal site.
The core software comes with a bunch of them that you can find under Extend.

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• Not all of the modules will be installed and active by default.To change
that, simply tick the box in front and then scroll down andhit Install.
• Conversely, any modules you no longer need, you can get rid of under
the Uninstall tab.

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 Add Contributed Modules
• Besides the default modules, there are also a lot of others available.
• Adding them to your site very much works like installing themes.
• First, you need to find modules you like in the official directory.
• Once you have settled on one, either download it or copy its location.
• You can then add it to your site via Extend > Install new module.

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Comparison of WordPress and
Drupal
A Content management system (CMS) is a software system that
provides website authoring, collaboration, and administration tools
designed to allow users to create and manage website content with
relative ease.
1. WordPress
• WordPress is an online, open source website creation tool
written in PHP.
• When it comes to CMS comparison, it’s probably the easiest
and most powerful blogging and website content management
system (or CMS) in existence today.
• It can also be successfully used for designing simple websites.
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• WordPress is powerful enough for web developers or designers to
efficiently build sites for clients.
• WordPress is ideal for fairly simple websites, such as everyday
blogging and news sites; and for anyone looking for an easy-to-
manage site.
• The development on WordPress is easy and one can see real-time
changes as they apply changes on their website.
• Benefits of WordPress
• It comes with preinstalled plugin and template function.
• It’s ease-of-use.
• User-friendly and best for beginners and amateurs.
• It has over 45,000 Plugins for almost all the functionality.
• WordPress offers lots of customization options of a theme.
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2. Drupal
• Drupal is the most difficult, but also the most powerful.
• It requires a familiar understanding of HTML, CSS, and PHP.
• Drupal an exceptionally SEO Friendly CMS it comes with the Clean
code and effective modules.
• If CMS Comparison appears then Drupal is known for its powerful
taxonomy and ability to tag, categorize, and organize complex content.
• Benefits of Drupal
• Drupal doesn’t require any specialized capacity for coding (like
HTML coding).
• It comes with thousand of free Modules.
• Drupal has Basic and Advanced Features.
• Drupal comes with Readymade Professional Themes.
• It has the neat code and exceptionally potent modules that are liked
by major search engines. 14
• When compare two of them for a simple blog or brochure-type site,
WordPress could be the best choice (while very friendly for non-
developers, it’s a flexible platform also capable of creating very
complex sites).
• If you are looking for something more advanced than the highly
customized site requiring scalability and complex content
organization, Drupal might be the best choice.
• And for something in between that has an easier learning curve, As
per CMS Comparison Joomla is a perfect choice.

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