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ScienceDirect
Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 1016 – 1022

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Abstract

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<NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG :G= >GA:G<> MA>BK ;NLBG>LL.
© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
T 2014(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
license 2A> ANMAHKL. .N;EBLA>= ;R #EL>OB>K *M=.
1>E><MBHG :G=/HK
Peer-review underI>>K-K>OB>P NG=>K
responsibility K>LIHGLB;BEBMR
of “Petru H? ^.>MKN +:BHK_
Maior” University 3GBO>KLBMR
of Tirgu H? 2BK@N
Mures, Faculty of +NK>L, $:<NEMR H? #G@BG>>KBG@.
Engineering

K 21*,d-: 2HM:E JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM (2/+); JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM (/+); JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM LRLM>F (/+1); IKH=N<MBHG I>K?HKF:G<>,
<NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG.

* !HKK>LIHG=BG@ :NMAHK. 2>E.: +381-64-3061631.

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2212-0173 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering
doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.145
 Snežana Topalović / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 1016 – 10
1. Introduction

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H? 1>K;B:. 2A> K>LNEML H? MABL K>L>:K<A PBEE A>EI ;:GD F:G:@>F>GM MH BFIKHO> MA> I>K?HKF:G<> H? MA>BK L>KOB<> H??>KL
MH MA> NEMBF:M> :BF MH BFIKHO> :G= >GA:G<> MA> HO>K:EE HK@:GBS:MBHG:E I>K?HKF:G<> H? <HFI:GB>L.

2. Literature re ie!

2.1. T# ---- )c a)d c#a,ac. ,$-.$c- *! TQM

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M>KF LN<<>LL MAKHN@A <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG, :G= ;>G>?BML :EE F>F;>KL H? MA> HK@:GBS:MBHG :G= MA> <HFFNGBMR.
2HM:E JN:EBMR <:G ;> L>>G :L : P:R MH F:G:@> ;NLBG>LL IKH<>LL>L BG HK=>K MH >GLNK> MHM:E <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG :M
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MH :<AB>O> :=>JN:M> JN:EBMR 8119. 2A> <HGMKB;NMBHGL H? ">FBG@, (NK:G, :G= !KHL;R MH BFIKHOBG@ MHM:E JN:EBMR
F:G:@>F>GM A:O> A:= : FHLM BFIHKM:GM BFI:<M HG F:G:@>KL :G= HK@:GBS:MBHGL :KHNG= MA> PHKE= 8129.
10 2A> D>R >E>F>GML H? MA> <HG<>IM H?Snežana Topalović / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 1016 –
2/+ :K> 8139:
 Snežana Topalović / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 1016 – 10
 $H<NL HG !HGLNF>KL
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-KB>GM:MBHG MH <NLMHF>KL BL MA> ?HNG=:MBHG H? 2/+ LRLM>F. 2ABL F>:GL MA:M <HFI:GB>L <K>:M> IKH=N<ML
:G= L>KOB<>L BG :<<HK=:G<> PBMA MA> G>>=L :G= =>F:G=L H? <HGLNF>KL. 2A> <NLMHF>KL] G>>=L LAHNE= ;> ?NEER
BGM>@K:M>= BGMH MA> =>LB@G :G= =>O>EHIF>GM H? IKH=N<ML :G= L>KOB<>L 8159. 'G ?:<M, :EE ;NLBG>LL :<MBOBMB>L BG
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O:EN> IKH=N<ML :G= L>KOB<>L MA:M :K> :IIKHIKB:M> MH MA>BK >QI><M:MBHGL 8169. A==BMBHG:EER, H? @K>:M BFIHKM:G<> BL MA>
BGOHEO>F>GM H? :EE LM:D>AHE=>KL BG MA> IKH<>LL H? <K>:MBG@ IKH=N<ML :G= L>KOB<>L, LH IKH=N<ML / L>KOB<>L <HNE= PBMA BML
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>FIEHR>>L MH =>O>EHI LI><B?B< LDBEEL 8179. 2A> <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG BL >??><MBO> BG JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM :G= BM A:L MA>
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2.2. T# , 'a.$*)-#$+ *! TQM a)d c/-.*( , -a.$-!ac.$*)

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 10 Snežana Topalović / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 1016 –

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>QI><M:MBHGL 8259.
#:<A <HFI:GR BL ?H<NL>= HG L:MBL?RBG@ :G= HO>K<HFBG@ MA> >QI><M>= G>>=L :G= =>LBK>L H? <HGLNF>KL, E>:=BG@ MH
MA>BK EHR:EMR. #GLNKBG@ EHR:EMR F>:GL MA> K>:EBS:MBHG H? EHG@-M>KF IKH?BM:;BEBMR. 'G HK=>K MH :<AB>O> MABL, BM BL
G><>LL:KR ?HK : ;NLBG>LL IKH<>LL, PAB<A :K> @>G>K:M>= BG MA> IKH=N<ML :G= / HK L>KOB<>L, MH ;> <HGM:BG>= BG
MA>
>E>F>GM:E FH=>E 2/+. 2A> ?BKLM LM>I BG MABL FH=>E BGOHEO>L K>L>:K<ABG@ :G= B=>GMB?RBG@ <HGLNF>K G>>=L :G= P:GML.
A?M>K MA:M, BM BL G><>LL:KR MA:M : <HFI:GR PBMA BML IKH=N<M (?>:MNK>L, I>K?HKF:G<>, M><AGB<:E LI><B?B<:MBHGL,
IE:GL,
>M<.). A=:IM MA> >LM:;EBLA>= >QI><M:MBHGL H? IHM>GMB:E <HGLNF>KL. 2A> E:LM LM>I H? MABL L>M H? 2/+ BL MA> =>EBO>KR H?
MA> IKH=N<ML E>:=L MH AB@A>K <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG 8239.
'G FH=>KG EBM>K:MNK>, HG> <:G ?BG= GNF>KHNL LMN=B>L MA:M BG=B<:M> MA> >QBLM>G<> H? : AB@A =>@K>> H? IHLBMBO>
<HKK>E:MBHG ;>MP>>G <HGLNF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG, I>K?HKF:G<> BFIKHO>F>GM :G= 2/+ FH=>EL 86, 26, 27, 289. 2A> IHLBMBO>
EBGD:@> ;>MP>>G MHM:E JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM :G= <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG E>:=L MH MA> NEMBF:M> @H:E- MA> BFIKHO>F>GM H?
HK@:GBS:MBHG:E I>K?HKF:G<>.

3. Research methodolog#

'G HK=>K MH BGO>LMB@:M> MA> =>@K>> H? <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG ;R D>R O:KB:;E>L BFIE>F>GM>= BG 2/+ IKH<>LL,
>FIBKB<:E K>L>:K<A BL <HG=N<M>=. 2A> IKBF:KR =:M: ?HK MA> :G:ERLBL P>K> <HEE><M>= NLBG@ LNKO>RL. 2A> JN>LMBHGG:BK>
BG<EN=>= 14 <HG<ENLBHGL K>E:MBG@ MH MA> JN:EBMR H? MA> =B??>K>GM O:KB:;E>L BG MA> ;:GDBG@ L>KOB<>, :G= MA>
MAK>> LM:M>F>GML K>E:M>= MH MA> F>:LNK>F>GM H? MA> =>@K>> H? L:MBL?:<MBHG. 4:KB:;E>L P>K> L>E><M>= :G= :=:IM>=
?KHF K>E>O:GM LMN=B>L 86, 29, 309. 1NKO>R>= K>LIHG=>GML E>O>E H? :@K>>F>GM PBMA MA> @BO>G <HG<ENLBHGL
>QIK>LL>= BG 7- E>O>E L<:E> (1-LMKHG@ER =BL:@K>> PBMA MA> LM:M>F>GM :G= 7 - :;LHENM>ER :@K>> PBMA MA> LM:M>F>GM).
2A> ?B>E= LNKO>R BG<EN=>= 124 <HFI:GB>L, PA>K> F:G:@>KL H? <HFI:GB>L K:M>= ;:GD PAB<A <HG=N<M>= BML ;NLBG>LL
MK:GL:<MBHGL, ;:L>= HG MA> JN:EBMR H? MA> L>KOB<>L BM IKHOB=>L. 2A>L> :K> <HKIHK:M> <EB>GML H? ;:GDL MA:M :K> :FHG@ MA>
LF:EE :G= F>=BNF-LBS>= >GM>KIKBL>L HI>K:MBG@ BG MA> M>KKBMHKR H? MA> 0>IN;EB< H? 1>K;B:. ":M: P>K> <HEE><M>= BG MA>
I>KBH= ?KHF 25. 02. - 10. 05. 2014. >?HK> ?B>E= K>L>:K<A P:L I>K?HKF>=, IK>EBFBG:KR M>LM HG : LF:EE L:FIE> H? 10
LN;C><ML, F:=> H? LMN=>GML, P:L <:KKB>= HNM. 2A> F:BG INKIHL> H? MA> M>LMBG@, IKBHK MH MA> BFIE>F>GM:MBHG H? ?B>E=
K>L>:K<A, BGOHEO>= MA> >Q:FBG:MBHG H? PA>MA>K MA>K> BL LHF> :F;B@NBMR BG MA> ?HKFNE:MBHG H? MA> <E:BF, :G= LA:EE ;>
<HKK><M>=.
'G MABL LMN=R, MA> :G:ERLBL H? MA> <HEE><M>= =:M: P:L <HG=N<M>= ;R MA> MPH LM:MBLMB<:E M><AGBJN>L: <HKK>E:MBHG :G=
FNEMBIE> K>@K>LLBHG :G:ERLBL. 2H =>M>KFBG> MA> =>@K>> H? K>EB:;BEBMR H? MA> B=>GMB?B>= O:KB:;E>L :G= MA> BGM>KG:E
<HGLBLM>G<R H? MA>BK LM:M>F>GML, P> NL>= !KHG;:<A]L <H>??B<B>GM :EIA:. !HKK>E:MBHG :G:ERLBL P:L I>K?HKF>= BG HK=>K
MH >LM:;EBLA MA> =>@K>> H? <HKK>E:MBHG ;>MP>>G MA> O:KB:;E>L H? 2/+ :G= <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG. $BG:EER, ;R
BFIE>F>GM:MBHG H? FNEMBIE> K>@K>LLBHG, LM:MBLMB<:E LB@GB?B<:G<> H? MA> BFI:<M H? MA> B=>GMB?B>= O:KB:;E> JN:EBMR
H? L>KOB<> ;:GDL H??>K, HG MA> L:MBL?:<MBHG H? <HKIHK:M> <EB>GML, P:L =>M>KFBG>=. 2A> IKH;E>F H?
FNEMB<HEEBG>:KBMR BL
>Q:FBG>= ;R O:EN> 4:KB:G<> BG?E:MBHG ?:<MHK (4'$). 2A> :G:ERLBL H? IKBF:KR =:M: P:L =HG> BG 1M:MBLMB<:E .:<D:@> ?HK
1H<B:E 1<B>G<>L 1.11 (2A> 1M:MBLMB<:E .:<D:@> ?HK MA> 1H<B:E 1<B>G<>L).

4. Results and discussion

2AKHN@A MA> LM:MBLMB<:E I:<D:@> 1.11, P>K> ?BKLM <:E<NE:M>= MA> O:EN> H? MA> <H>??B<B>GM H? K>EB:;BEBMR- !KHG;:<A]L
:EIA: 8319, MH <A><D MA> BGM>KG:E <HGLBLM>G<R H? MA> LM:M>F>GML MA:M P>K> ?HKF>= :KHNG= MA> L:F> O:KB:;E>L. 2A>
 Snežana Topalović / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 1016 – 10

O:EN>L H? MA> :EIA: <H>??B<B>GM K:G@> :G= BGM>KO:E ?KHF 0 MH 1, PA>K> BM BL K><HFF>G=>= MA:M MA> O:EN>L :K> @K>:M>K
MA:G 0.7 8329. 'G MABL LMN=R, MA> O:KB:;E>L BFIE>F>GM>= 2/+ (<HFFBMF>GM H? MHI F:G:@>F>GM,
<HNKM>LR, K>LIHGLB;BEBMR, M:G@B;E> >E>F>GML) :G= L:MBL?:<MBHG LAHP : AB@A =>@K>> H? K>EB:;BEBMR (2:;E> 1), ;><:NL> MA>
K>LNEMBG@ AB@A E>O>EL H? :EIA: <H>??B<B>GML K:G@BG@ BG MA> BGM>KO:E ?KHF 0.715 MH 0.905, :G= MA>K>?HK> <HG?BKF>= MA>
BGM>KG:E
<HGLBLM>G<R H? MA>BK :LLH<B:M>= LM:M>F>GML.

2:;E> 1. 0>EB:;BEBMR H? O:KB:;E>- O:EN> H? !KHG;:<A]L :EIA:

4:KB:;E>L !KHG;:<A]L :EIA:
!HFFBMF>GM H? MHI F:G:@>F>GM 0.804
!HNKM>LR 0.849
0>LIHGLB;BEBMR 0.735
2:G@B;E> >E>F>GML 0.715
1:MBL?:<MBHG 0.905

2A> ?BKLM LM>I P:L I>K?HKF>= ;R <HKK>E:MBHG :G:ERLBL H? MA> O:KB:;E>L H? 2/+ :G= <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG, BG HK=>K
MH =>M>KFBG> MA> >QM>GM H? MA>BK BGM>K=>I>G=>G<>. 2A> H;M:BG>= O:EN>L H? .>:KLHG'L <HKK>E:MBHG <H>??B<B>GM LAHP>=
MA:M :EE O:KB:;E>L @>G>K:M> LB@GB?B<:GM IHLBMBO> <HKK>E:MBHG PBMA <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG ;:GDL. ^!HFFBMF>GM H?
MHI F:G:@>F>GM_ :G= ^0>LIHGLB;BEBMR_ =>FHGLMK:M> : AB@A =>@K>> H? <HKK>E:MBHG ;>MP>>G ^!HNKM>LR_ :G=
<NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG :II>:KL FH=>K:M> <HKK>E:MBHG, PABE> ^2:G@B;E> >E>F>GML" LAHP IHHK <HKK>E:MBHG
PBMA <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG (2:;E> 2).

2:;E> 2. !HKK>E:MBHG ;>MP>>G O:KB:;E>L H? 2/+ :G= <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG BG ;:GDBG@

2/+ O:KB:;E>L !HKK>E:MBHG <H>??B<B>GML PBMA <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG
!HFFBMF>GM H? MHI F:G:@>F>GM 0.602**
!HNKM>LR 0.387**
0>LIHGLB;BEBMR
0.623**
2:G@B;E> >E>F>GML
0.243**
**!HKK>E:MBHG BL LB@GB?B<:GM :M MA> 0.01 E>O>E (2-M:BE>=)

2:;E> 3. 0>LNEML H? MA> FNEMBIE> K>@K>LLBHG :G:ERLBL (=>I>G=>GM O:KB:;E>: L:MBL?:<MBHG)

2/+ O:KB:;E>L U M 4'$
!HFFBMF>GM H? MHI F:G:@>F>GM 0.473** 5.772 1.473
!HNKM>LR 0.159* 2.105 1.250
0>LIHGLB;BEBMR 0.254* 3.403 1.225
2:G@B;E> >E>F>GML - 0.037GL - 0.468 1.336
0>LNEML :K> LB@GB?B<:GM :M MA> E>O>E: I < 0.01 (**); 0>LNEML :K> LB@GB?B<:GM :M MA> E>O>E: I < 0.05 (*);
0>LNEML :K> GHM LB@GB?B<:GM :M MA> E>O>E: I > 0.05(GL); 0 2 = 0.457
$BG:EER, MA> BFIE>F>GM:MBHG H? FNEMBIE> K>@K>LLBHG =>M>KFBG>= MA> >??><M H? ?HNK BG=>I>G=>GM
O:KB:;E>L (<HFFBMF>GM H? MHI F:G:@>F>GM, <HNKM>LR, K>LIHGLB;BEBMR, M:G@B;E> >E>F>GML) BG L:MBL?:<MBHG :L MA>
=>I>G=>GM O:KB:;E>. *H<:M>= K>@K>LLBHGL :K> IK>L>GM>= BG 2:;E> 3 BG=B<:M> : LB@GB?B<:GM >??><M H? MAK>> BG=>I>G=>GM
O:KB:;E>L:
^!HFFBMF>GM H? MHI F:G:@>F>GM_ (U = 0.473, M = 5.772), ^!HNKM>LR_ (U = 0.159, M = 2.105) :G= 0>LIHGLB;BEBMR (U =
0.254, M = 3.403) . 'G MA> <:L> H? 2:G@B;E> >E>F>GML (U = - 0.037, M = - 0.468) GH LM:MBLMB<:EER LB@GB?B<:GM
>??><M. 'G=>I>G=>GM O:KB:;E>L >QIE:BG :;HNM 46% H? MA> O:KB:;BEBMR H? MA> =>I>G=>GM O:KB:;E>. 2AKHN@A MA> 4'$
O:EN>L, MA> M>LM>= :G= MA> IKH;E>F H? FNEMB<HEEBG>:KBMR. '? MA> @BO>G <H>??B<B>GM O:EN> MH ;> @K>:M>K MA:G 5 8339,
FNEMB<HEEBG>:KBMR H<<NKL :L : IKH;E>F. 'G MABL LMN=R P>K> H;M:BG>= ;R :IIKHIKB:M> O:EN>L H? MA> 4'$ <H>??B<B>GM BG MA>
K:G@> H? 1.250 MH 1.473.
 10 Snežana Topalović / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 1016 –

5. Conclusion

2A> LN<<>LL H? :GR HK@:GBS:MBHG BL =>M>KFBG>= ;R MA> ;>A:OBHK H? <HGLNF>KL, LH MA>R G>>= MH NG=>KLM:G=
:G= K>:EBS> MA> <NKK>GM :G= ?NMNK> G>>=L :G= >QI><M:MBHGL H? <HGLNF>KL, LMKBO> MH F>>M MA>BK K>JNBK>F>GML,
:G= >O>G
>Q<>>= MA>BK >QI><M:MBHGL. 2A> IKBF:KR INKIHL> H? :GR HK@:GBS:MBHG, BG MABL LMN=R ;:GDBG@ MA> BGLMBMNMBHG, BL MH F>>M
:G= >Q<>>= MA> >QI><M:MBHGL :G= =>F:G=L H? MA>BK <NLMHF>KL, LH <NLMHF>KL P>K> L:MBL?B>= :G= >O>GMN:EER ;><HF>
EHR:E. +H=>KG <HG=BMBHGL H? ;:GDBG@ LMK>LL MA:M MA> L>KOB<> H??>KL AB@A JN:EBMR ;>LM P:R MH :<AB>O> <HFI>MBMBO>
:=O:GM:@> :G= :<AB>OBG@ ?BG:G<B:E LN<<>LL. 'G HK=>K MH :<AB>O> MABL, MA> ;NLBG>LL IKH<>LL BG PAB<A MA> IKH=N<M BL
BFIE>F>GM>= :G=/HK L>KOB<>L FNLM ;> ;:L>= HG MA> 2/+ :IIKH:<A. :GDL FNLM <HGMBGNHNLER PHKD HG BFIKHOBG@
:G= BFIKHOBG@ ;NLBG>LL IKH<>LL>L PBMABG PAB<A MH <K>:M> ?BG:G<B:E L>KOB<>L.
'G MABL I:I>K P> BFIE>F>GM>= :G >FIBKB<:E LMN=R MH >Q:FBG> MA> K>E:MBHGLABI ;>MP>>G 2/+ :G=
<NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG BG MA> ;:GDBG@ BG=NLMKR. :L>= HG MA> ?BG=BG@L H? MA> <HKK>E:MBHG :G:ERLBL, BM P:L <HG?BKF>= MA:M
MA>K> BL : IHLBMBO> <HKK>E:MBHG ;>MP>>G MA> ?HNK O:KB:;E>L H? 2/+ (<HFFBMF>GM H? MHI F:G:@>F>GM, <HNKM>LR,
K>LIHGLB;BEBMR, M:G@B;E> >E>F>GML) :G= <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG. :L>= HG MA> H;M:BG>= K>LNEML H? FNEMBIE> K>@K>LLBHG
:G:ERLBL, BM P:L
<HG?BKF>= MA:M MA> LMKHG@>LM BG?EN>G<> HG MA> L:MBL?:<MBHG H? <EB>GML BL K>:EBS>= O:KB:;E> ^!HFFBMF>GM H? MHI
F:G:@>F>GM_. 2A> BG?EN>G<> H? O:KB:;E>L ^!HNKM>LR_ :G= ^0>LIHGLB;BEBMR_ :ELH LAHP>= LM:MBLMB<:EER LB@GB?B<:GM :M MA>
L:MBL?:<MBHG H? <NLMHF>KL, ;NM MA> LMK>G@MA H? MA> BFI:<M H? MA>L> O:KB:;E>L :K> BG?>KBHK MH <HFFBMF>GM H?
MHI F:G:@>F>GM. 2A> O:KB:;E> ^2:G@B;E> >E>F>GML_ =B= GHM LAHP : LB@GB?B<:GM BFI:<M HG <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG.
2A> K>LNEML IHBGM HNM MA:M MA> <HFFBMF>GM H? MHI F:G:@>F>GM BL <KN<B:E ?HK MA> LN<<>LL?NE BFIE>F>GM:MBHG H?
2/+. 5BMAHNM MA> LNIIHKM :G= NG=>KLM:G=BG@ H? 2/+ ;R F:G:@>F>GM :M MA> AB@A>LM IHBGM, MA>K> BL GH >??
><MBO> BFIE>F>GM:MBHG H? : @BO>G LRLM>F. :GD F:G:@>KL FNLM <HGLM:GMER :=:IM MH MA> PBLA>L, G>>=L :G=
K>JNBK>F>GML H? MA> <EB>GML. AELH, >FIEHR>>L LAHNE= ;> IHEBM> :G= K>:=R MH A>EI <NLMHF>KL :M :EE MBF>L. 2A>R FNLM
NG=>KLM:G= :G= K>LI><M MA>BK G>>=L :G= >QI><M:MBHGL, :L K>?E><M>= BG MA> AB@A E>O>E H? <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG MH ;:GDL
:G= BFIKHO> MA> HO>K:EE HK@:GBS:MBHG:E I>K?HKF:G<> H? ;:GDL. 2A> ?BG=BG@L <HG?BKF MA:M <HKIHK:M> <EB>GML =H
GHM @BO> @K>:M BFIHKM:G<> MH MA> IARLB<:E >E>F>GML H? MA> ;:GDL, LN<A :L MA> NGB?HKF >FIEHR>>L, <HFINM>KL]
>JNBIF>GM, =><HK:MBHG H? BGM>KBHK, >M<. 'M BL MA> E:<D H? ;NLBG>LL :G= F>:GL MA:M ;:GD F:G:@>KL IK>L>GML <HGLB=>K:;E>
:MM>GMBHG MH BFIKHOBG@ MA> :;HO> >E>F>GML. :L>= HG MA> K>L>:K<A H? :MMBMN=>L H? <EB>GML, ;:GDBG@ BGLMBMNMBHGL <:G
LB@GB?B<:GMER BFIKHO> :G= @KHP MA>BK ;NLBG>LL. +:G:@>KL <:G @>M O:EN:;E> BG?HKF:MBHG HG AHP <NLMHF>KL >O:EN:M>
MA> JN:EBMR H? ;:GDL :G= HG MABL ;:LBL MH B=>GMB?R PA>K> MA> G>@:MBO> :LI><ML H? MA> JN:EBMR H? ;:GDBG@ L>KOB<>L.
'FIKHOBG@ MA> JN:EBMR H? L>KOB<> H??>KBG@L, MA> ;:GD BG<K>:L> MA> E>O>E H? <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG :G= EHR:EMR, :G=
:<AB>O> AB@A>K E>O>EL H? IKH?BM:;BEBMR.

Appendi" A. Questionnaire items

C*(($.( ). *! .*+ (a)a" ( ). (1-7 L$& ,. -ca' )

 $H<NL HG MA> <NLMHF>K
 $H<NL HG PA:M BL ;>LM ?HK <EB>GML
 3G=>KLM:G=BG@ MA> ?BG:G<B:E G>>=L H? <EB>GML
C*/,. -2 (1-7 L$& ,. -ca' )
 !HNKM>LR H? ;:GD >FIEHR>>L
 2KNLM <EB>GML
 2A> L>GL> H? L><NKBMR <EB>GML

R -+*)-$b$'$.2 (1-7 L$& ,. -ca' )

 2A> PBEEBG@G>LL H? MA> ;:GD >FIEHR>>L MH A>EI <NLMHF>KL
 2A> PBEEBG@G>LL H? MA> ;:GD >FIEHR>>L MH K>LIHG= MH <NLMHF>K JN>LMBHGL
 1I>>= H? L>KOB<> MH <EB>GML
 2A> :<<NK:<R H? MA> L>KOB<>L IKHOB=>= MH <EB>GML
 #??HKML MH LHEO> <NLMHF>K IKH;E>FL
Ta)"$b' ' ( ).- (1-7 L$& ,. -ca' )
 2A> BGM>KBHK H? MA> ;:GD BL OBLN:EER :II>:EBG@
 Snežana Topalović / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 1016 – 10
 AII>:K:G<> H? >FIEHR>>L
 +H=>KG >JNBIF>GM

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899 -HB ) , *BG , !AHG@ A6*. AK> 2/+ IK:<MB<>L LNIIHKMBG@ <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG :G= L>KOB<> JN:EBMR?. (HNKG:E H? 1>KOB<>L +:KD>MBG@, 2011;
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8139 $HMHIHNEHL !4, .LHF:L #*. 2A> LMKN<MNK:E K>E:MBHGLABIL ;>MP>>G MHM:E JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM ?:<MHKL :G= HK@:GBS:MBHG:E I>K?HKF:G<>. 2A>
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8149 A@NL A, &:LL:G 7. #GA:G<BG@ .KH=N<MBHG .>K?HKF:G<> :G= !NLMHF>K .>K?HKF:G<> 2AKHN@A 2HM:E /N:EBMR +:G:@>F>GM (2/+):
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8159 %HE=F:G &.&. 2A> HKB@BGL :G= =>O>EHIF>GM H? JN:EBMR BGBMB:MBO>L BG AF>KB<:G ;NLBG>LL. 2A> 2/+ +:@:SBG>, 2005; 17 (3): 217-25.
8169 (HAGLHG 55. 1NI>KBHK <NLMHF>K O:EN> BG MA> G>P ><HGHFR: <HG<>IML :G= <:L>L. !0! .K>LL, H<: 0:MHG; 2004.
8179 +>AK: 1, 0:G@:G:MA:G 1. 'FIE>F>GMBG@ MHM:E JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM PBMA : ?H<NL HG >GA:G<BG@ <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG. 'GM>KG:MBHG:E (HNKG:E H?
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8189 #DEH? (A, 5>LMENG= A. !NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG BG=>Q :G= BML KHE> BG JN:EBMRF:G:@>F>GM. 2HM:E /N:EBMR +:G:@>F>GM, 1998; 9 (4/5): 80-5.
8199 A@NL A, )KBLAG:G 1.)., ):=BK 1*1A. 2A> LMKN<MNK:E BFI:<M H? MHM:E JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM HG ?BG:G<B:E I>K?HKF:G<> K>E:MBO> MH <HFI>MBMHKL
MAKHN@A <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG: : LMN=R H? +:E:RLB:G F:GN?:<MNKBG@ <HFI:GB>L. 2HM:E /N:EBMR +:G:@>F>GM, 2000; 11 (4-6):808-19.
8209 ":YBV .. 1M:GHC>OBV +. 1NKO>R H? BGM>KG:MBHG:E LM:G=:K=L ?HK JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM LRLM>FL (/+1). +H=>EEBG@ :G= -IMBFBS:MBHG BG MA>
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8229 1M:G=:K= '1- 9001:2008 - /N:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM LRLM>FL - 0>JNBK>F>GML. 'GLMBMNM> ?HK 1M:G=:K=BS:MBHG H? 1>K;B: ('11); 2008.
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8279 2>KSBHOLDB +. /N:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM IK:<MB<>L :G= MA>BK K>E:MBHGLABI PBMA <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG :G= IKH=N<MBOBMR BFIKHO>F>GM. +:G:@>F>GM
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8289 +>AK: 1, 0:G@:G:MA:G 1. 'FIE>F>GMBG@ MHM:E JN:EBMR F:G:@>F>GM PBMA : ?H<NL HG >G<A:G<BG@ <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG. 'GM>KG:MBHG:E (HNKG:E H?
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8309 (HAGLHG +", %NLM:?LLHG A, AG=K>:LL>G 25, *>KOBD *, !A: (. 2A> >OHENMBHG :G= ?NMNK> H? G:MBHG:E <NLMHF>K L:MBL?:<MBHG BG=>Q FH=>EL.
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