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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POLYMER COMPOSITES
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POLYMER COMPOSITES
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POLYMER COMPOSITES
Volume 10, Issue 12, December 2019, pp. 743-751, Article ID: IJMET_10_12_063
Available online at https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=10&Issue=12
Journal Impact Factor (2019): 10.6879 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
A. Chennakesava Reddy
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering,
Hyderabad, India
ABSTRACT
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's
mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon
6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well
they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4
composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing
apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pin-
on-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the
microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides
significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in
the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
Keywords: Nylon-6, BaSO4, Tensile, Hardness, Wear, SEM.
Cite this Article: S. Sreenivasulu and A. Chennakesava Reddy, Experimental Study of
Mechanical and Tribological Relation of Nylon/BaSO4 Polymer Composites.
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 10(12), 2019,
pp. 743-751.
https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=10&Issue=12
1. INTRODUCTION
Nylons, Due to their modulus, high strength, stiffness, and wear resistance, as well as chemical
confrontation, nylon are a popular engineering thermoplastic. Because of its outstanding
processability and mechanical qualities, nylon-6 is widely employed in a wide variety of
applications. Bearings, cams, fittings, and gears are among the many applications for Nylon-6.
Nylon-6's wear properties make it ideal for dry sliding applications. The mechanical properties
of nylon are improved by adding nano solid lubricants to the polymer matrix Injection molding
and machining are no problems for Nylon-6. The mechanical properties of thermoplastic
polymers can be enhanced by mixing in metallic fillers. The wear resistance of a PMMA
composite with hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles is improved. The sample acts hydrophilic
because the SiO2 was put into the PMMA matrix Nanoparticles [1]. CaCO3 is mixed into the
nylon 66. Materials raise the tensile strength of about 112 MPa when CaCo3 is added to Nylon,
and the tensile strength is getting stronger,[2]. from this review, it's clear that nylon 6 is one of
the best materials for the matrix in a polymer composite material. The filler materials have a
big effect on the mechanical properties of the composite. Even though there is a lot of research
on polyamide. It has also been seen that graphite is less attracted to the PA6 matrix. More
research is needed to figure out how to make graphite more attractive to the PA6 matrix, [3].
The wear behavior of ABS composites filled with nano-meter-sized boron nitride (BN) was
studied using Taguchi's design of experiments based on three levels of filler content, normal
load, sliding distance, and sliding speed.Pin-on-disc friction and wear monitor according to
ASTM G99 was used to determine how ABS/BN polymer composites wear. ABS changes
shape in a way that is controlled by a large dilatational component, which shows a volume
change. As the amount of boron nitride in the composites went up, the final strength went down.
In the ABS/BN polymer composites, the flaws were the lumps of filler or the places where the
mixing wasn't even. In the ABS/BN polymer composites, brittle cracking was shown by crack
growth lines that moved in a radial direction, [4].The hardness of the composite first goes up as
the filler content goes up, and then it goes down as the filler content goes up. When compared
to other filler materials, Nylon composites filled with silica fume have better properties [5]. The
filler material is added to the content and pure material composites to boost their wear
resistance. The tribological behavior of carbon black filler material added to PTFE composites
was examined and found to boost the material's wear resistance [6].The tensile strength of
Nylon/Teflon composites with Nano Iron Oxide (-Fe2O3) particles was found to be twice as
strong as it was. Flow lines were seen in Nylon 6/Teflon/Iron Oxide, [7].The addition of 0.2%
Nano Silica Particles to Thermoplastic PA6 enhances the composite's coefficient of friction and
wear resistance, [8]. The present work shows that the injection molding technique can be used
to make Nylon-6/Si3N4 composites with different parts. Experiments were done based on what
Taguchi had planned. At 4 percent weight of Si3N4, the tensile strength was at its highest. As
the amount of Si3N4 goes up, the tensile strength goes down gradually. Hardness tests were
done on different amounts of Nylon-6/Si3N4 composite, and the highest Rockwell hardness
number was found at 16 percent weight. SEM images help us figure out what the surface of
composites looks like, under different conditions, The extreme quality of the composites
declines as boron nitride is expanded in the composites, and the normal load is reduced to 71.54
percent of wear rate variation. [9]. The average molecular weight of matrix nylon filled with
nano-alumina was shown to be less affected by nanoparticles and greater than that of matrix
nylon filled with micro-alumina. The highest tensile strength was achieved when the nano-
Al2O3 content reached 3 weight percent, as shown by the tensile property test, [10].The addition
of Si3N4 nanoparticles to ABS/Si3N4 composites increased their tensile strength. The hardness
of polymer composites increases as the amount of Si3N4 filler increases. The wear rate of
composites made from ABS and Si3N4 is most affected by the normal load and the distance
they slide. [11].Alumina (AA) 6061 and 7075 alloys were reinforced with 10 wt.% boron
carbide (B4C) and 5 wt.% graphite via liquid casting. Composite samples were characterized
with scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopies (EDS). By
varying load, sliding distance, and cutter speed, a wear experiment is conducted using a pin on
the disc apparatus. Response surface method (RSM) and MINITAB are used to analyze the
wear rate of composite [12].Experiments have been conducted to advance the strength and
toughness of polymer composites by adding nano-silica. Specimens are prepared by screw
extrusion and injection molding. A grafted polymer (polypropylene) onto nano silica improves
mechanical properties when the load is applied, matrix failure changes from ductile to brittle
because of its vicious nature [13].To boost the tensile strength and hardness of Nylon/Teflon
composites, Teflon must be added to its Nylon 6 matrix. Particles stick together because
fluorine atoms in Teflon like to form bonds with other fluorine atoms in Teflon, [14].
Nylon 6 is used in a wide variety of products that call for materials with great strength.
Gears, fittings, and bearings are all made from this material. Various weight percentages of
Nylon 6 and BaSO4 have been tested in the current experiment. To evaluate the mechanical
characters.
Figure 1 Test sample preparation: (a) Torque rheometer with a twin-rotary mixer, (b) Injection
molding machine, and (c) Two mold halves and test specimens.
20
Mpa
15
10
5
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Strain % wt
2500
2000
Ultimate Strength, MPa
1500
1000
500
0
4 8 12 16 20
BaSO4 (wt%)
7
6
5
Hardness
4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
%,BaSo4
Figure 6 Variation in Wear Rate with (a) Weight Fraction of BaSO4) (b) Normal Load (N) (c) Sliding
Speed (rpm), & (d) Sliding Distance (m)
24.72%, and the percentage contribution of the Sliding displacement is 0.07%, which is very
less compared to other process parameters. From figure 6, the optimum solution was found, and
the values of an optimum solution are BaSO4 with 20 wt%, load with 10 N, speed of 100 rpm,
and sliding distance of 500 m.
and a matrix strengthened with BaSO4, as shown in figure (9).SEM images at higher abrading
separations of 300 rpm indicated a rough surface. Figure 9 (i) depicts the production of
Nylon/BaSO4.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The works present the successful fabrication of Nylon/BaSO4 composites with varying
compositions using the injection molding process. At 16 % weight of BaSO4, the tensile
strength was the highest, and with 20% weight of BaSO4, the tensile strength decreased.
Rockwell hardness tests were conducted on various Nylon-6/BaSO4 composite compositions,
and the highest hardness number was observed at 20% weight. Images taken with scanning
electron microscopes make it possible to comprehend the surface of composites based on
various input parameters. The sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the variation in wear rate.
FUTURE SCOPE
It may be advantageous to analyze the dynamic mechanical properties and temperature effects
to develop the best composite materials, Hybrid polymer composites can be explored at
different processing conditions using different critical conditions for light-weight applications.
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