Research Report: Abstract The Absit summarises the contents, conclusions, new information and relevance ofthe pape. When the Astac accompanies the paper, i faction ae previews when tis separated from he pape, these ext ferves ea sma. Bxercige 1 Discuss ina group how Absract ae used in your own fed. Whats their purpose? (CONTENT AND STRUCTURE, ‘The Abseact should anor the fllowing questions Why as the experiment done? ‘he objective and topics covered 1 How was the experiment done? ‘he metbods used, especially noting new or unas methods, the tasie prscile, range of operon and degree of accuracy of the mato What were the main results? ow data summarised, ‘4 What were the principal conclusions fromthe rete? ‘Usually these questions are answered inthis dr, palling the oder ofthe whole paper's ection INTRODUCTION way? RESULTS. WHAT? DISCUSSION'CONCLUSION SoWHAT? Exerelse2 Rea! te following Astat and mark int teat wre ech sew seston Re, Nie a ht vr es the ‘Abts wine ‘This dy explore te bypass tat non-seof set bls my betel 16 eer ines af ble Slow sich as saimce we, peso charset, response tase ss ger hing ti Based on selopore seat ewe ever st 10 ip yc te evel bel se wee dit no ae, Inconsistent) anh date saps fers were ste once impel Ayes ih acento emer poi vt sod contol pl al adoay let on Ona ier Hens fs sd mache ty ay md set Tadve were pray intervened int ees tng Sndrdquions. Within spe the oe levels a set belt ues were compared on we range of Steepored maser and dvr mcr vce. Reece were neal cist sce ly ‘eh some kiss werent. On eee, ea tek on-set re urge le cued mere Hy tale an uma Conling fe hse Jomopapteaflewncs, tonics were igh scan sks, ‘moe impulse, ceed more col sd ets an toute re evar, Non-et h the contol sample aon high acl Regn Ics ers mere ly renenble ont ‘tan ays ers The rere sgget at rsd trenton ssi may be vere freon a wes of tl fi Ths clue modified fremont pate nd stone mage ads ugh aon. Diver mprovenet pops te mest ois ley meh fi the ee Couwscatge Py usResearch Report: Abstract Models Devecrine CRoss-LinGUistic DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING ENGL USING A TEXT RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM Regina Lo City University of Hong Kong ‘This anicle examines cross-linguistc difficulties in leaming English in a group of Cantonese- speaking students in Hong Kong. It leo discusses the usefulness of a text reconstueton program in detecting linguistic difficulties in second language studens learning English, A cross-national study involving the comparison of performance between first language English speaking (L-1) secondary stidents in England and second language English speaking (L2) secondary students in Hoong Kong on a txt reconstruction tsk is described. Results showed that the performance ofthe 12 students was adversely affected by ross-lingustie differences between English and Cantonese. ‘The potentials of wing the tent reconstruction task in teaching English asa second language are also explored. ici Scxi001. ENGLISH TEXTHOOKS AND COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS ‘A COMPARISON OF READING PASSAGE DIFFICULTY Shinji Kimura Kowcnset Gakuin University Brad Visgatis Osaka Intemational College for Women ‘This paper examines the difficulty level of 48 entrance examination reading passes, taken from {ests at 33 junior colleges, and compares them with the dificuty level of 66 passages taken from 4 approved high school English textbooks using readability indices, Though we varistion in readability scoees was recorded, overall resulls indicate tet reading passage lficlty to be ‘significantly higher than the difficulty of textbook reading pestages. A serious mismatch between offical test candidate requirements snd what is truly requted of the applicants may exis. Schools are encouraged to review thei iterate for prospective students and/or adapt thir tests 0 help ‘ensure feimess and validity. — evwncetemenue ——