AGAY NARS

Session 2: Nursing Theories

Unit IV (February 9, 2022)

Instructions: This 80-item exam is to be taken for 60mins ; a virtual clock will be displayed in
the meeting room for reference. Examinees are given the choice to encircle/line/color their
choice of answer. Once done, examinees are encouraged to type “done” in the chatroom. The
exam material is strictly for AGAY NARS members only.

Set A

(1-5.) The following items pertains to the major concepts and definitions of the “Theory of
Nursing as Caring”.
1. Defined to be the process of living grounded on caring.
A. Nursing situation B. Personhood
C. Direct invitation D. Caring between

2. An event that occurs when a person introduces self to the world of the other with the intent
of understanding the other as a caring person.
A. Nursing response B. Personhood
C. Direct invitation D. Caring between

3. Clarifies the call for nursing and shapes the nursing response.
A. Nursing situation B. Personhood
C. Direct invitation D. Caring between

4. Opens the relationship between the nurse and the care receiver.
A. Nursing situation B. Personhood
C. Direct invitation D. Caring between

5. _____ is the locus of all that is known and done in nursing.

A. Nursing situation B. Personhood
C. Direct invitation D. Caring between
(6-10.) The following items/statements may or may not pertain to the major assumptions of the
“Transitions theory”.
6. True or False. Transitions both result in change and are the result of chronic stagnation.
A. True B. False

7. Nurses are secondary caregivers of clients and their families undergoing transitions.
A. Nursing B. Health
C. Environment D. NOTA

8. Change and difference are not interchangeable, nor are they synonymous with transition.
A. Person B. Health
C. Environment D. NOTA

9. Transitions are complex and multidimensional.

A. Nursing B. Health
C. Environment D. NOTA

10. True/False. When the “Person” transitions, it changes identities, roles, relationships,
abilities, and patterns of behavior.
A. True B. False

(11-15.) The following items pertains to the major concepts and definitions of the “Theory of
Culture Care Diversity and Universality”.
11. Which of the following are correctly matched.
A. Culture care accommodation: Maintenance
B. Culture care preservation: Health
C. Culture care accommodation: Negotiation
D. Culture care repatterning: Negotiation

12. Refers to the totality of an event that gives meaning to people’s expressions,
interpretations, and interactions.
A. Worldview B. Environmental context
C. Ethnohistory D. Culture care universality

13. Refers to lifeways that guide thinking, decisions, and actions.

A. Culture B. Culture care
C. Culture care diversity D. Culture care universality
14. Local and indigenous.
A. Emic B. Etic

15. Outsider or stranger.

A. Emic B. Etic

(16-20.) The following items pertains to the major concepts and definitions of the
“Humanbecoming” by Parse.

Match the concepts to its correct paradoxes.

Paradoxes pool:
A. Confirming-not confirming B. Speaking-being silent and moving-being still
C. Disclosing-not disclosing D. Potentiating-restricting
E. Attending-distancing F. Familiar-unfamiliar

16. Languaging
17. Transforming
18. Connecting-separating
19. Revealing-concealing
20. Enabling-limiting

SET B

1. What is the focus of nursing from the perspective of theory of nursing as Caring?
a. Nurturing person’s living
b. Growing in Caring
c. Support and sustain them as they live caring
d. The wholeness of others through caring
e. Being and becoming through caring
f. A and B
g. A and C
h. A and D

2. What is the fundamental assumption of Boykin and Schoenhofer about caring? SATA
a. Caring is lived by each person
b. Caring is a process
c. Caring is Mandated
d. Caring is assigned
e. Caring is intentional
3. The shared, lived experience in which caring between nurse and nurse enhances personhood
is known as:
a. Personhood
b. Nursing Response
c. Nursing situation
d. Call for nursing
e. Direct invitation

4. Who developed Transition theory?

a. Nola Pender
b. Margaret Newman
c. Afaf Ibrahim Meleis
d. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

5. Which of the following is not considered a property of transition experience? SATA

a. Engagement
b. Awareness
c. Time span
d. Nursing therapeutics
e. Caring between
f. Critical points and events

6. What type of situations trigger a person to undergo transition?

a. Diagnosis of chronic illness
b. Menopausal
c. A nursing manager promoted to assistant chief nursing officer
d. All of the above

7. She was the one who made the Health Promotion Model:
a. Nola Pender
b. Margaret Newman
c. Afaf Ibrahim Meleis
d. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

8. This refers to the frequency of the same similar behavior in the past.
a. Personal Factors
b. Prior related behavior
 c. Interpersonal influences
d. Perceived barriers to action

9. This is the end point or action outcome that is directed toward attaining positive health
outcomes such as optimal well-being, personal fulfillment, and productive living.
a. Health promoting behavior
b. Immediate competing demands and preferences
c. Immediate antecedents of behavior and behavior outcomes
d. Outcome promoting behavior

10. Actions of a nurse that help a client incorporate some of his/her core cultural values to his
plan of care referred as:
a. Cultural care negotiation
b. Cultural care repatterning or reconstructuring
c. Cultural care universality
d. Cultural care preservation or maintenance

11. True or False. According to Leininger’s theory, Health is a state of being that is either
culturally defined or valued.
a. True
b. False

12. It refers to local, indigenous, or the insider cultural knowledge and views about specific
phenomena.
a. Etic
b. Emic
c. Epic
d. Ethi

13. When utilizing Leninger’s cultural care theory, it would be important for the nurse to
remember what concept of human caring?
a. It varies among cultures and is largely culturally derived
b. It is universal and the same in all cultures
c. It's not very important
d. It is absent in some culture
14. According to Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory, what is considered
those assistive, supportive,and enabling experiences or ideas toward others with evident or
anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a human condition or lifeway?
a. Care
b. Culture care
c. Culture care universality
d. Professional care

15. Which theorist did Margaret Newman credit for influencing her theory of Health as
Expanding Consciousness?
a. Dorothea Orem
b. Martha Rogers
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Faye Abdellah

16. In Newman’s view, Health is composed of:

a. Both disease and wellness
b. Mental well-being
c. Illness
d. A positive mental attitude

17. The goal of nursing from the humanbecoming perspective is:

a. Patient wellness
b. Quality of life
c. Overcoming disease
d. Patient-centered care

18. Who’s theorist/s believes that nursing is a facilitator, not an effector. Our nurse-client
relationship is an interactive, interpersonal process that aids the individual to identify, mobilize,
and develop his or her own strengths to achieve a perceived optimal state of health and well-
being.
a. Helen C. Erickson, Evelyn M. Tomlin and Mary Ann P. Swain
b. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
c. Gladys S. Husted and James H. Husted
d. Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer
19. According to Erickson,Tomlin,and Swain,the ______ process involves an assessment of a
client's situation.
a. Nursing
b. Modeling
c. Remodeling
d. Building

20. What theory believes that “A nurse acts as the agent of the patient, doing for her patient
what he would do for himself if he were able”
a. Symphonological Bioethical Theory
b. Modeling and Role-Modeling
c. Humanbecoming
d. Health as Expanding Consciousness
e. Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality

SET C

1. A statement referring to “an altruistic, active expression of love, and is the intentional and
embodied recognition of value and connectedness” is known as:

A. Caring in Nursing C. Personhood

B. Nursing Therapeutics D. Nursing Response

2. According to Meleis, transition condition like marginalization of immigrants in the host

country is an example of:

A. Personal Conditions C. Societal conditions

B. Community Conditions D. International Conditions

3. Nursing actions such as assessments, education, and role supplementation are part of what
concept in the Transition’s Theory?

A. Process Indicators C. Pattern of Response

B. Outcome Indicators D. Nursing Therapeutics
4. It is the judgment of personal capability to organize and execute a health-promoting
behavior, what is it?

A. Perceived Self-Efficacy C. Perceived Control of Health

B. Perceived Health Status D. Perceived benefits of health-promoting
behaviors

5. A theorist who stated, “We have to embrace a new vision of health. Our caring must be linked
with a concept of health that encompasses and goes beyond disease. The theory of health as
expanding consciousness provides that perspective.”

A. Boykin & Schoenhofer C. Husted & Husted

B. Nola Pender D. Margaret Newman

6. A theorist whose pursuit in the profession of nursing sparked as she cared for her mother
who has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and realized that illness is a life pattern that needs to be
recognized and accepted.

A. Rosemarie Parse C. Afaf Ibrahim Meleis

B. Nola Pender D. Margaret Newman

7. It is a system of ethics based on the terms and preconditions of an agreement.

A. Boykin & Schoenhofer C. Husted & Husted

B. Nola Pender D. Margaret Newman

8. It is a major area of nursing focused on comparative study and analysis of diverse cultures
and subcultures in the world with respect to their caring values, expressions, and health-illness
beliefs and patterns of behavior.

A. Culture Care Theory C. Culture Care Diversity

B. Transcultural Nursing D. Culture Care Universality

9. As humans, we know that our basic needs include food, water, and shelter, by which an
absence of one from the given needs would definitely affect our health, this belief represents
what concept according to Leninger’s theory?

A. Culture Care Theory

B. Transcultural Nursing
C. Culture Care Diversity
D. Culture Care Universality
10. The fundamental assumptions of Nursing as Caring underpinning the assertions and
concepts of the theory is focused on: (SATA)

A. Human is to be caring
B. Personhood Is Living Life Grounded in Caring
C. Nursing knows and nurtures persons living caring and growing in caring
D. Nursing Is Both a Discipline and a Profession

11. Who among the grand theorists identified, whose works were influenced by Martha Rogers’
Unitary Human Beings model? (SATA)

A. Rosemarie Parse C. Afaf Ibrahim Meleis

B. Nola Pender D. Margaret Newman

12. All but one is the three principles which constitute the humanbecoming theory?

A. Structuring meaning C. Transcending transformation

B. Configuring rhythmical patterns D. Contranscending with possible

13. According to the modeling and role-modeling theory, this concept refers to an interactive,
interpersonal process that nurtures clients’ strengths to enable the development, release, and
channeling of resources for coping with their circumstances and environment.

A. Nurturance
B. Nursing
C. Health Promotion
D. Nursing Response

14. It is a system of ethics based on the terms and preconditions of an agreement.

A. Symphonology C. Context
B. Agreement D. Rights

15. It is a shared state of awareness on the basis of which interaction occurs.

A. Symphonology C. Context
B. Agreement D. Rights

16. According to Swain, Tomlin, & Erickson, humans have characteristics that make each one
alike and different. Identify among the given choices which are paired correctly: (SATA)

A. Alike: Holism C. Different: Self-Care Knowledge

B. Alike: Lifetime Growth D. Different: Adaptation
17. ADNPH is one of the hospitals in Butuan City who performs Unang Yakap after childbirth.
This practice represents to what kind of care according to the Theory of Transcultural Nursing?

A. Generic Care C. Culturally Congruent Care

B. Professional Care D. Professionally Congruent Care

18. Helga, a staff nurse-on-duty has her own principles in rendering care to a patient, by which
she focuses her intent with the goal of achieving to answer the question, “How might I nurse
you in ways that are meaningful to you?” every nurse-patient interaction. Knowing the
concepts of the Theory of Nursing as Caring, which does this statement refer to?

A. Personhood C. Nursing Therapeutics

B. Direct Invitation D. Professionally Congruent Care

19. After hospitalization, Kiana’s husband reported that his wife is now trying to be a vegan and
is exercising regularly to maintain her desirable weight. These changes represent what concept
from the Health Promotion Model?

A. Health-Promotion Behavior
B. Situational Influences
C. Commitment to Plan of Action
D. Immediate Competing Demands and
Preferences
20. Luisa is not feeling well and she knows that the reason for it maybe because she was
exposed to someone who is COVID (+) days ago, when she went out to buy some groceries.
She’s now manifesting a raspy throat and a nagging cough, this scenario best describes what
kind of concept?

A. Self-Care Action
B. Self-Care Knowledge
C. Perceived Health Status
D. Perceived Control of Health

SET D

1. According to ______ the idea of a nursing situation is a shared lived experience in which
“caring between” enhances personhood.

A. Boykin and Schoenhofer

B. Nola Pender
C. Afaf Ibrahim Meleis
D. None of the above
2. The focus of nursing is from the perspective of the Theory of Nursing as Caring is that the
process of knowledge and professional practice is nurturing persons living and growing in
caring.

A. True
B. False

3. It is the intentional and authentic presence of the nurse with another who is recognized as
living in caring and growing in caring

A. Nursing
B. Sharing
C. Helping
D. Caring

4. Personhood is described as:

A. Process of living that is grounded in caring

B. A connection between nurse and patient
C. An open communication between patient, family, and nurse
D. Constantly unfolding in caring
5. In direct invitation, the nurse waits to be invited by the patient thus allowing nurse to avoid
conflict and risks.

A. True
B. False

6. These are the characteristics of personhood, SATA:

A. Wholeness
B. Awareness
C. Unity
D. Intention
E. Caring
F. Commitment

7. According to _____, there are types and patterns of transitions.

A. Margaret Newman
B. Merle Mishel
C. Rosemarie Parse
D. Afaf Ibrahim Meleis

Items 8-13, identify if the items below belong to the types of transitions or patterns

8. Developmental
9. Health and illness
10. Multiplicity
11. Situational
12. Complexity
13. Organizational

14. It is the circumstances that influence the way an individual moves through transition, which
may facilitate or hinder progress toward achieving healthy transition.

A. Personal conditions
B. Critical points and events
C. Transition conditions
D. Changes and differences

15. Identify whose and what model this is:

A. Margaret Newman--- Health and expanding consciousness model

B. Nola Pender---- Health Promotion model
C. Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin, and Mary Ann Swain--- Modeling and Role-modeling
D. Phil Baker--- Tidal model of mental health recovery

16. This theory is directed towards nurses to discover and document the client’s world and to
utilize their insider viewpoints, knowledge, and practices as basis for professional care actions
and decisions.

A. Transitions Theory
B. Theory of Nursing as Caring
C. Humanbecoming theory
D. Theory of Culture care diversity and universality

17. There are 6 C’s that contribute to the language of care, SATA:

A. Commitment
B. Confidence
C. Conscience
D. Competence
E. Compassion
F. Consideration
G. Courteousness
H. Comportment

18. It includes the interconnectedness of the entire living system which includes
physicochemical maintenance and growth processes

A. Coexistence
B. Connection
C. Communication
D. Consciousness

19. These are the principles of Humanbecoming theory, except:

A. Valuing
B. Meaning
C. Rhythmicity
D. Transcendence

20. Modeling and Role-modeling was created by how many authors/theorist?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 1