SHEET PILE WALLS 2

Lecture 14
Asst. Prof. Kristian Azul
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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

At times,
cantilever sheet
piles must be
driven into a clay
layer possessing
an undrained
cohesion c (φ =
0).

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

What we will be
analyzing will be
sheet piles
driven into clay
with granular soil
backfill.

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

Important notes:
Getting the
effective
horizontal
pressure σ1’ and
σ2’ will be the
same procedure
as before.What
changes is the
pressure
distribution
below the
dredge line.

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

Also note that
below the
dredge line (clay
with no angle of
friction),
Ka = Kp = 1.
Thus, resulting to
the pressure
diagram shown.

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ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE
(RANKINE)

For c-φ’ soils

This means that there is tensile stress

until a depth of zc (point where
horizontal stress = 0).
This will result to a
TENSILE CRACK
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PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE
(RANKINE) For c-φ’ soils

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

At a point below dredge line but above rotation point O
(left is passive; right is active).

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

At the bottom point:

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

From summation of forces:
ACDE – EFIB + GIH = 0

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

Doing summation of moments about B (bottom):

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY

Combining

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STEP 1:
Calculate Ka for
granular backfill

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STEP 1:
Calculate Ka for
granular backfill

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STEP 2:
Calculate σ1’ and
σ2’

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STEP 2:
Calculate σ1’ and
σ2’

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STEP 3:

Calculate P1 and
𝑧1

*Use moment
concept or
centroid concept

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STEP 3:

Calculate P1 and
𝑧1

*Use moment
concept or
centroid concept

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STEP 4:
Calculate D

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STEP 4:
Calculate D

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STEP 5:
Calculate L4

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STEP 5:
Calculate L4

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STEP 6:
Calculate σ6 and
σ7

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STEP 6:
Calculate σ6 and
σ7

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STEP 7:
Draw the pressure
diagram as shown

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STEP 8:
The actual depth
of penetration is

D(actual)
= 1.4 D(theo) to
1.6 D(theo)

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Additionally, we
can get the
location of zero
shear

z‘ is zero at
dredge line.

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Mmax can be
obtained from
cutting at zero
shear and getting
the internal
moment there.

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EXAMPLE 1
Determin
e
D(actual)
if it is
1.5D(theo)
.

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EXAMPLE 1
Step 1

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EXAMPLE 1
Step 2:

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EXAMPLE 1
Step 3:

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EXAMPLE 1
Step 4:

D = 2.13
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EXAMPLE 1
D(actual) = 1.5 D(theoretical)
= 1.5*2.13
= 3.2m

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EXAMPLE 1
We can continue with the steps so that we can
also determine the location of zero shear and
max moment value.

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EXAMPLE 1
Step 5:

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EXAMPLE 1
Step 6:

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EXAMPLE 1

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SPECIAL CASES
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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY
(NO WATER TABLE)

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY
(NO WATER TABLE)

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY
(NO WATER TABLE)

Also note that:

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SHEET PILES PENETRATING CLAY
(NO WATER TABLE)
Additionally,

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EXAMPLE 2
Determine D if:
Sand Layer:
L = 6m
ϒ = 16kN/m3
φ‘ = 30

Clay Layer:
ϒsat = 18.9kN/m3
φ‘ = 0
c = 95kN/m2
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EXAMPLE 2 (1-3)

Determine P1 and z(bar)1

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EXAMPLE 2 (4)

D = 2.1m

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EXAMPLE 2
We can design the sheet pile section as well if
we determine the max moment:

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EXAMPLE 2 (6)
We can design the sheet pile section as well if
we determine the max moment:

Mmax = 208.23 kN-m/m

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FREE CANTILEVER SHEET PILE
WALL PENETRATING CLAY

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FREE CANTILEVER SHEET PILE
WALL PENETRATING CLAY
Depth can be calculated as:

And to complete the diagram:

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FREE CANTILEVER SHEET PILE
WALL PENETRATING CLAY
With the diagram complete,

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EXAMPLE 3
If P = 32kN/m,
L=3.5m and c=12
kN/m2, determine D.

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EXAMPLE 3
If P = 32kN/m,
L=3.5m and c=12
kN/m2, determine D.

D = 4.6m
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