Professional Documents
Culture Documents
16 Tenses in English PDF Free
16 Tenses in English PDF Free
16 Tenses in English PDF Free
CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly
at the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around
the present.
Example :You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do
We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “NOW, RIGHT
NOW, TOMORROW,ETC
S + am/is/are + Verb+ing…………………………………………….Now
S + sedang ……………………………………..sekarang
Examples :
1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.
4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
6. They are playing football in the field now.
7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
8. The students are doing sport now.
Am/Is/Are + S + Verb+ing……………………………………..Now?
Apakah + S + sedang …………………………sekarang ?
Examples :
1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t
3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isn’t
CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE
The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago,
this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth,
yesteryear, etc.
Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday
QW + 2……………………………..?
Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present
Continous Tense.
1. Tom saw the cats having business under the tree yesterday
2. They played cricket at school last week
3. Did the policeman arrest the thief last night ?
4. The teacher did not attend the meeting this morning
Chapter 3
PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it.
Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Example:
1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow
Example:
1. John won’t run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva won’t play badminton tomorrow
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to
do, what we intend to do in the future.
e.g. A:There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern :
4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to
The pattern :
We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things:
We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of
doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started
before this time but hadn’t finished:
This time last year I was living in Brazil
We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say
that something happened in the middle of something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She’s gone to Jakarta.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected :
e.g. Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’.
We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perfect.
e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time…, It the first
time…
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is
expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative
sentences: e.g. Has it stopped raining yet ? (not ‘did it stop’).
The pattern:
We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :
Example :
The pattern:
1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
4. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
Example :
Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang
menakutkan
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki
berteriak
4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
Example :
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
malam
Example :
ini
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini
Example :
1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima
tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa
Example :
1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
Example :
1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
waktu itu.
Example :
pemilihan umum.
- He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election
1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya
Example :
- The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had
come on time.
1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang
pada waktunya.
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak
makanan itu
1. I am = I’m
2. You are = You’re
3. We are = We’re
4. They are = They’re
5. He is = He’s
6. She is = She’s
7. It is = It’s
8. Will not = won’t
9. Would not = Wouldn’t
10. Do not = Don’t
11. Does not = Doesn’t
12. Did not = Didn’t
S + To be + V3…………………………………by…
Penjelasan :
1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were
being) no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no.
4 dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang
pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.
= Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen
Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ?
How long + …………………. ? = More than 3 year.
13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan
waktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang
sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang
sendiri)
Rumus-Rumus Causative:
B. S + to have + something +
THE 16 TENSES
RENUNGKAN:
1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan
bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1 V2 V3 V4
have had had having
PATTERN EXERCISE:
Eg : …………………………………………
2. Do +S + have + Us + V1 ………….?
Does
Eg : …………………………………………
3. QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + … ?
Eg : When …………………………………………..
4. Who + has + someone +V1 + …… ?
Eg : Who has ………………………………
5. Have + someone + V1 + …… ! = suruhlah ……!
Eg : ……………………………………
B. S +1.
won’t have + one’s house + V3 + … etc
Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku.
= …………………………………………
Do +S + have + something + V3 …… today ?
2. Does
having
2 to have had had ~ing mempunyai
3 to tell told told ~ing mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh.
4 to own owned owned ~ing memiliki
5 to read read read writing membaca
6 to write wrote written ~ing menulis
7 to listen listened ~ed ~ing mendengarkan
8 to speak spoke spoken ~ing berbicara, pandai berbahasa
9 to say said said ~ing berkata, mengatakan
10 to ask asked ~ed ~ing bertanya, meminta, menyuruh
11 to answer answered ~ed ~ing menjawab
12 to borrow borrowed ~ed ~ing meminjam (dari)
13 to lend lent lent giving meminjamkan (kepada)
14 to give gave given ~ing memberi (kan)
15 to send sent sent ~ing mengirim, menyuruh
16 to repeat repeated ~ed ~ing mengulang
17 to buy bought bought ~ing membeli
18 to sell sold sold ~ing menjual
19 to present presented ~ed ~ing menyajikan (cerita, materi)
20 to wait (for) waited ~ed ~ing menunggu
21 to see saw seen ~ing melihat, bertemu, berkenalan
22 to visit visited ~ed inviting mengunjungi
23 to invite invited ~ed ~ing mengundang, mengajak
24 to reject rejected ~ed refusing menolak
25 to refuse refused ~ed improving menolak (tawaran, ajakan)
26 to inprove improved ~ed ~ing memperbaiki, meningkatkan
27 to avoid avoided ~ed ~ing menghindari (kan)
28 to deny denied denied arranging menyangkal, mambantah
29 to arrange arranged ~ed ~ing menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan
30 to plan planned ~ned making merencanakan
31 to make made made ~ing membuat, menyebabkan
32 to build buit built ~ing membangun, mendirikan
33 to burry burried burried ~ing menguburkan
34 to scold scolded ~ed rebuking memarahi
35 to rebuke rebuked ~d bribing memarahi
36 to bribe bribed ~d ~ing menyuap, menyogok
Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive)
Contoh : to work ……~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst.
“to” pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)