Who 2018

Monitoring progress on
universal health coverage

and the health-related
Sustainable Development
Goals in the South-
East Asia Region
2018 update
9 789290 226628
Monitoring progress on universal health
coverage and the health-related
Sustainable Development Goals in
the South-East Asia Region
2018 update
Health in the SDGs.indd 1 30-08-2018 11:00:03

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related Sustainable Development Goals
in the South-East Asia Region: 2018 update
ISBN: 978 92 9022 662 8
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Contents
Introduction by the Regional Director 1
Part 1: Progress towards universal health coverage and

health-related SDGs: highlights 3
Part 2: Strengthening SDG monitoring, with a focus on improvements

in mortality statistics 17
Part 3: Country-specific SDG data profiles 23
Bangladesh 27
Bhutan 31
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 35
India 39
Indonesia 43
Maldives 47
Myanmar 51
Nepal 55
Sri Lanka 59
Thailand 63
Timor-Leste 67
Annex: Indicator definitions and data 71
Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Sustainable Development Goals in the South-East Asia Region: 2018 update iii

Introduction by the Regional Director
It is a great pleasure to introduce the third annual report on

progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) and the
health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the
South-East Asia (SEA) Region. This year’s report follows a
format similar to the 2016 and 2017 reports, but has some
new features which I would like to highlight.
Part 1 provides, as previously, regional highlights of

progress on UHC and the health-related SDG targets.
For UHC, both dimensions – access to needed health care,
and financial protection – are analysed using the agreed
upon SDG indicators. Encouragingly, overall essential health
service coverage has improved in all Member States since
2010, according to the latest figures, with the essential service coverage index estimates
now ranging from 49%–85%. I am also pleased that in this year’s publication we are able
to report on financial protection using the SDG indicator of financial protection for the
first time. The SDG indicator measures the proportion of the population spending more
than 10% of their total household expenditure on health care. This, called catastrophic
health expenditure, is a better measure of lack of financial protection than out-of-pocket
payment, the proxy that was previously used. There are big differences in catastrophic
levels of health spending between countries, ranging from 2%–20% of the population.
This is not unexpected, and it is helpful to now have this analysis for most SEA Region
countries, as a starting point for future monitoring up to 2030. For both aspects of
UHC, there remains much to do in the South-East Asia Region if we are to contribute
significantly to the global target of one billion more people with UHC by 2023 under
the new WHO Global Programme of Work.
For the first time a section on trends in equity over time is included in this report,
using several SDG indicators. This is to help keep the spotlight on the critical SDG
commitment to “leave no one behind”, and the need to narrow the gap, whether it
be between rich and poor, the well and less-well educated, and rural and urban areas.
There are some welcome successes in reducing inequities as well as some persistent
gaps. Altogether I am encouraged by the increased attention to equity monitoring, but
note the need for better and different approaches to tracking exclusion from care (for
example, health of mobile populations, migrants, and the urban poor), which was first
discussed at the 2016 regional consultation on health in the sustainable development
goals, and which remains a challenge.
Part 2 reflects on how we are doing in monitoring the SDGs, and the information
system developments needed to strengthen UHC and health SDG monitoring. In most
Member States, the health-related SDG indicators are now embedded in national M&E
frameworks, and attention to equity monitoring is increasing. In this report, there is a
particular focus on better cause of death data through improved civil registration and
vital statistics (CRVS) systems, because we will report to the Seventy-first Session of

Sustainable Development Goals in the South-East Asia Region: 2018 update 1

the Regional Committee on the “Regional Strategy for strengthening the role of the
health sector for improving civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) (2015–2024)”.
Implementation is progressing, though more work is needed to improve cause-of-death
data which are needed to adequately measure the 14 mortality-related indicators in the
SDGs.
Part 3 presents the now familiar individual Member State health SDG profiles.
There are new sections this year on equity and on the status of CRVS systems. The
profiles also include trend information where possible. It is encouraging that there are
more national data and fewer global estimates than in previous annual reports, because
data quality and availability are improving.
I hope this year’s publication contributes to maintaining the momentum around the
Sustainable Development Agenda, to which we are all committed.
Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh

Regional Director
WHO South-East Asia Region

2 Sustainable Development Goals in the South-East Asia Region: 2018 update

PART I
Progress towards universal health
coverage and health-related SDGs in the
South-East Asia Region: highlights

This section provides a regional overview of progress towards UHC and health-related
SDG targets, together with some analysis of equity trends. More details are included in
the individual country profiles in Part 3 of this report. The final date for all data presented
in this report is 30 June 2018. Almost all of the health-related SDG indicators used are
aligned with the global definitions and consistent with data and indicators presented
in the WHO World health statistics 2018.1 The Annex of this report explains why five
health-related SDG indicators have been modified to better fit the regional context.
Universal health coverage

Universal health coverage is about all people getting the care they need, without financial
hardship. In the health SDG monitoring framework, UHC is SDG target 3.8, and it has
two indicators: to monitor progress on access to essential health services (3.8.1), and
to monitor financial protection (3.8.2).
Coverage of essential health services is measured using the “UHC health coverage,
service coverage index”. This was originally developed in 2015 by WHO, and has been
used in the South-East Asia Region since 2016. This year, the United Nations Statistics
Commission Inter-Agency Expert Group upgraded the UHC essential services coverage
index from a ‘Tier III’ to a ‘Tier II’ indicator. This means the indicator has been validated
and should be used by Member States.
Financial protection has until now been reported in the South-East Asia Region using
a proxy indicator – out-of-pocket payment on health as a share of total health spending.
This year, the report uses the SDG indicator for financial protection, which measures
catastrophic health expenditure. This is also an SDG Tier II indicator.
Essential health services coverage
The UHC service coverage index, as in previous years, is made up of 16 indices in

four areas: reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health; infectious diseases;
noncommunicable diseases; and health service capacity, access and health security.
Overall, the Regional average for the UHC essential health services index is 64% in
2018 compared with 44% in 2010. Figure 1 shows the changes from 2010 to 2018
with significant improvements in all eleven SEA Region countries.
Despite improvements, there remains much to do to advance essential service

coverage. In approximate numbers, over 800 million people in the Region are estimated
to still not have sufficient access to essential health services.
1 World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs. Geneva: World Health Organization: 2018.


Fig. 1: Changes in essential health services coverage in Member States
of the SEA Region, 2010 to 20182
100
Global average
85 2010 level
78 2018 level
80
72 72
UHC service coverage index
68
64 62 64
61
60
50 50 49
40
20
Bangladesh
Timor-Leste
DPR Korea
Indonesia
Myanmar
Sri Lanka
Maldives
Thailand
Bhutan
Nepal
India
Financial protection
This year, the SDG indicator 3.8.2 is used to report on financial protection in the South-
East Asia Region for the first time. SDG Indicator 3.8.2 is defined as the proportion of
the population that has household expenditures on health greater than 10% of their
total household expenditure.
Data are available for nine Member States in the Region; and the most recent
available survey data were used3. On average, 14.3% (median 5.3%) of households in
the Region spend more than 10% of their household spending on health. Trend data
are not yet available, but will be in the short to medium term. In approximate numbers,
at least 65 million people are pushed into extreme poverty because of paying for health
care in this Region.
Looking at the two dimensions of UHC together
To compare the relative situation for the two dimensions of UHC across countries in
the Region, Figure 2 shows UHC health service coverage index and catastrophic health
expenditure values, plotted together. To show how the SEA Region stands in relation
to the global situation, global median figures for both dimensions are included (grey
lines)4. Thailand, Bhutan and Sri Lanka fall above the global median for both UHC service
coverage and financial protection.
2 Health information platform for WHO South-East Asia Region. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2018
(http://hip.searo.who.int) and DHS / MICS data 2007–2016.
3 See individual country profiles reference lists for the year of data used.
4 World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs. Geneva: World Health Organization: 2018.


Fig. 2: Comparison of health services coverage and financial protection in nine
Member States of the SEA Region by income level, 20185
100
Thailand
75
UHC service coverage index
Maldives Bhutan
64 Global median Sri Lanka

More is better
India
Nepal Indonesia
50
Bangladesh
Timor-Leste
7.3 Global median

Legend
Low income
Lower middle-income
Higher middle-income
25 Parameter 3
25 20 15 10 5 0
Proportion of population with household expenditure on health >10% of
total household expenditure or income
Less is better
Regional highlights on UHC

Essential health service coverage has improved overall in all countries since 2010.
There has been progress in the measurement of financial protection, with a first
analysis using the SDG indicator for nine countries. Trends will be monitored as
new survey data becomes available.
Three countries in the Region lie above the global median for both service
coverage and financial protection.
Equity: what is known about who is being left behind?
Regional inequalities in essential service coverage
From a regional point of view, information on different dimensions of health equity, and
associated trends, remains limited.
5 Health information platform for the WHO South-East Asia Region. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2018
(http://hip.searo.who.int/dhis)


First, analyses of regional variations in service coverage by income, education, and
by urban versus rural populations, have been updated. For the Region as a whole, access
to care continues to be worse for the poor, those with less education and – to a lesser
degree – those living in rural areas. Figure 3 provides an updated regional overview of
inequalities in seven health service coverage areas.
Fig. 3: Inequalities in coverage of essential health services by income group, urban

versus rural households, and level of education across the South-East Asia Region6
Contraceptive Contraceptive
satisfied needs satisfied needs
100 100
Improved 80 Improved 80
source of ANC4+ source of ANC4+
60 60
drinking water visits drinking water visits
40 40
20 20
Antibiotic 0 Birth Antibiotic 0 Birth
treatment for attended treatment for attended
pneumonia by skilled pneumonia by skilled
under-5 personnel under-5 personnel
DTP3 PNC (with DTP3 PNC (with

coverage in 2 days) coverage in 2 days)
Richest Poorest Urban Rural
Contraceptive
satisfied needs
100
Improved
source of ANC4+
drinking water 50 visits
Antibiotic 0 Birth
treatment for attended
pneumonia by skilled
under-5 personnel
DTP3 PNC (with

coverage in 2 days)
Secondary or more No education
Increased attention to monitoring inequalities within countries
Five Member States in the Region have begun more systematic equity analyses, including
Indonesia (see box), Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Myanmar, to better understand the
within country disparities, and track progress with policies designed to reduce inequities.
They have used the WHO Health Equity Analysis Toolkit. The results are beginning to be
used to inform policy and planning.
Trend data on inequalities are especially informative, and even more limited. Some
examples are provided here that illustrate trends in inequalities in health and health
care within countries.
Variations in premature mortality between men and women, over time
6 DHS / MICS data, 2007-2016


Measuring health inequalities
The state of health inequality: Indonesia7 report covers 11 health topics, drawing
data from about 53 health indicators, which were disaggregated by eight dimensions
of inequality. Findings were derived from analysis of cross-cutting examinations of
disaggregated data estimates and summary measures looking at patterns of health
inequality. Health inequalities were observed, to varying extents, for the featured
dimensions of inequality, which included economic status, education, occupation,
employment status, age, sex, place of residence and subnational region. These analyses
revealed additional insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the health sector,
policy implications and opportunities for intervention.
Figure 4 shows trends in probability of premature mortality due to noncommunicable

diseases among males versus females since 2000 for all countries in the Region. In general,
premature mortality is going down. In most cases, it is lower for females than for males.
Fig. 4: Probability (%) of dying between exact ages 30 and 70

from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or
chronic respiratory illness in the SEA Region, 2000–20168
Bangladesh Bhutan DPR Korea India

Probability of dying (%)
40 40 40 40
30 30 30 30
20 20 20 20
10 10 10 10
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal

40 40 40 40
30 30 30 30
20 20 20 20
10 10 10 10
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste

40 40 40
Sex
30 30 30 Male
Female
20 20 20
10 10 10
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Variations in access to basic sanitation, over time
In terms of trends in inequalities in services depending on where people live, there

are some data on trends in the availability of basic sanitation in urban and rural areas
between 2000 and 2015 (see Figure 5). As is well known, generally urban areas have
7 State of health inequality: Indonesia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.

8 Global health observatory, Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018


greater access to basic sanitation. The size of the urban/rural difference varies between
countries. In some countries the gap between urban and rural areas has narrowed.
Fig. 5 . Basic sanitation service coverage by geographical areas

in the SEA Region, 2000–20159
Bangladesh Bhutan DPR Korea India

Basic sanitation coverage(%)
100 100 100 100

80 80 80 80
60 60 60 60
40 40 40 40
20 20 20 20
2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015
Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal

100 100 100 100

80 80 80 80
60 60 60 60
40 40 40 40
20 20 20 20
2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015
Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste

100 100 100

80 80 80
Legend
60 60 60 Urban
40 40 40 Rural
20 20 20
2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015
Variations in health service coverage by income group, over time
Figure 6 illustrates inequalities in antenatal care by income group, between 2000

and 2016 for countries with trend data. It is well known that higher income groups
tend to get more antenatal care than lower income groups. In Sri Lanka however, the
difference is small.
Regional highlights on equity

Inequalities in health and health service coverage persist. Analysis of trends over
time show there are examples both of gaps being narrowed, and of persistent
gaps.
Member States are giving more attention to equity analysis, and it is essential
that this is maintained.
Given the SDG commitment to “leave no one behind”, there is a need to go
beyond the traditional dimensions of equity analysis, and develop creative ways
to look at other aspects of exclusion such as migrants, mobile populations or
the urban poor.
More details and trend analysis results are highlighted in the individual SDG profiles
in Part 3 of this report.

Fig. 6: Antenatal care services (four or more visits) received by the poorest and
richest women in selected SEA Region countries, 2000–201610
Bangladesh India Indonesia

100 100 100
80 80 80
Percentage
60 60 60
40 40 40
20 20 20
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Nepal Sri Lanka* Timor-Leste

100 80
80
80 60
Percentage
60 60
40
40 40
20
20 20
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Quintile 1 (poorest) Quintile 5 (richest)
*Contains data for ANC services provided by skilled health personnel by wealth quintile without mentioning
the number of ANC covered.
Other SDG health-related targets: regional highlights
Reproductive, maternal and child health
Since 2000, maternal and under-five mortality rates have declined faster in the SEA
Region than in any other region, by 69% and 67%, respectively. Neonatal mortality is
reducing at a slower rate than overall child mortality (see Figure 7). Four Member States
are below the global SDG targets for child mortality and three are below for maternal
mortality. A substantial increase in institutional deliveries has occurred in the Region.
The Region has eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus. Child stunting still comprises
40% of the global burden.
Infectious diseases
Trends in major communicable diseases vary (see Figure 8). New HIV infections and deaths
from AIDS continue to decline. Thailand has eliminated mother-to-child transmission of
HIV and congenital syphilis (the first country in Asia to do so). Estimated TB incidence
rates have been decreasing in most member states, albeit while they have been relatively
constant in Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Timor-Leste since 2015. TB mortality
estimates have increased for Nepal, Thailand and Timor-Leste since 2015. The Region
still accounts for 45% of the global TB incidence, 50% of global deaths and 35% of
the global estimated cases of multidrug resistance TB cases. The Region has made
substantial progress in reducing malaria, with a 46% and 60% reduction in reported
10 DHS / MICS data, 2007-2016


malaria cases and deaths between 2010 and 2016 respectively. Sri Lanka and Maldives
have been certified malaria free. In terms of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which
are quintessentially diseases of “those left behind” there is significant progress: four out
of the eight endemic Member States in the Region have now reached the elimination
threshold for lymphatic filariasis (LF) and three (Maldives, Sri Lanka and Thailand) have
had their status validated. Nepal has eliminated trachoma as public health problem.
Fig. 7: Trends in mortality in the WHO South-East Asia Region, 1990–201611
600
400
Mortality rate
200
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016
Maternal mortality ratio Under-five mortality rate Neonatal mortality rate

(per 100 000 live births) (per 1000 live births) (per 1000 live births)
Fig. 8: Trends in major communicable diseases

in the WHO South-East Asia Region, 2000–201612
25 350
300
20
250
HIV/TB co-infection
Malaria incidence
15
200
TB incidence
150
10
100
5
50
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2016
Malaria Incidence/1000 population at risk HIV/TB co-infection (percentage)
TB incidence/100000

12 Global TB report 2017, Global Malaria Report 2017, Geneva: World Health Organization and UNAIDS portal
(http://aidsinfo.unaids.org/)


Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and risk factors
NCDs are on the rise and are currently responsible for 8.9 million deaths annually in
the SEA Region (64% of all deaths in the Region) out of which 4.4 million deaths are
premature (between the ages of 30 and 69 years). Regular reporting on NCDs is new,
and trend data are limited with some estimates available (see Figure 9 ). Trend data
on risk factors are also limited, although for alcohol and tobacco data is accumulating
and all Member States now have 1–2 years of trend information. This is a major focus
for support from the Regional Office. One rising health challenge in the Region is the
disproportionate rise in global preventable deaths due to household air pollution (40%),
with limited improvement in access to clean fuels and technologies at the household
level since 2012.
Fig. 9: Trends in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)

in the WHO South-East Asia Region 2000–201513
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2000 2004 2015
Communicable Diseases Injuries Noncommunicable diseases
Health systems
Health workforce (doctors, nurses and midwives) density in the SEA Region has improved
since 2014 (see Figure 10). Eight Member States are now above the original (2006)
WHO human resources for health (HRH) threshold of 22.8 doctors, nurses and midwives
per 10 000 population. More details on health workforce density and distribution for
five cadres (doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists and pharmacists) are reported in the
companion publication14.

14 The Decade for Health Workforce Strengthening in the SEA Region 2015-2024: second review of progress,
challenges and opportunities. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2018.


Fig. 10: Trends in availability of health workers in SEA Region countries
2014–201715
140
120
Density of health workers per 10 000 population
100
80
60
44.5/10 000: Global Strategy
on HRH 2016
40
22.8/10 000:
World Health Report 2006
20
0
Maldives DPR Korea Thailand Nepal Sri Lanka India Timor-Leste Indonesia Bhutan Myanmar Bangladesh
2014 (or nearest year before 2014) 2017 (or most recent year after 2014)
On access to essential medicines, currently only three Member States have recent
national data on availability of medicines. Otherwise, information comes from smaller
case studies. In 2018, some Member States will use a new WHO application to collect
data on the availability of medicines, with an initial focus on antimicrobials and medicines
for common NCDs.
On International Health Regulations (IHR) Core Capacity, four Member States – India,
Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka – have declared compliance.
Strategic issues, conclusions and the way forward

UHC remains central to making progress on the health-related SDGs. It is encouraging
to see improvement across all Member States in access to a range of essential health
services. On financial protection, the only trend data currently available is based on out-
of-pocket payments, and here the direction of change is more mixed across countries.
Some limited comment can be made on trends in health inequalities. Variations in

health service coverage in the Region have reduced slightly since 2015. Encouragingly,
measurement of inequalities within Member States is getting more attention.
Progress continues on the unfinished MDG agenda – maternal health, child health
and communicable diseases – for which data are also more complete. For the newer
15 Decade for health workforce strengthening in the South-East Asia Region 2015—2024: Second review of progress,
2018. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2018


targets, especially NCDs, it is too early to comment on trends since the SDGs were
launched, but encouragingly many Member States now have one or two years of data.
Member States of the Region have taken major steps forward on monitoring the
health-related SDGs. All Member States have now embedded the health SDG indicators
in national monitoring frameworks and have reviewed the availability of health-related
SDG data. Eight Member States have begun setting their national health SDG targets,
taking into account feasibility of measurement and achievability of results.
New and improved data collection efforts are needed for certain indicators, as is
greater capacity to monitor equity trends. Altogether, stronger health information systems
are required to generate routine and high-quality statistics for effective monitoring of
UHC and the health SDG targets, and steps being taken are discussed in Part 2 on this
document.
Greater transparency and accountability are facilitated both by this annual review, and
through the online health information platform for the WHO South-East Asia Region16.
16 http://hip.searo.who.int/dhis/


PART 2
Strengthening SDG monitoring, with
a focus on mortality statistics
17

Reliable information is essential for measuring progress towards UHC and the health
SDGs, and for making adjustments as needed to national health policies and priorities. A
national health information system (HIS), which includes civil registration and vital statistics
(CRVS) systems, is a key component of any national health system. Well-functioning
health information systems help stimulate better health system performance. In order
to define targets for UHC and other health SDG indicators, and to monitor progress,
decision-makers and managers at different levels need to have the skills and supporting
information system capacity to produce, analyse, disseminate and use accurate and
timely health information.
In this year’s report, this section focuses on the need for more reliable vital statistics
on births, deaths and causes of death. These data from CRVS systems are required for
reporting on 14 health-related SDG mortality indicators, and in particular for improved
monitoring of noncommunicable diseases.
Five strategic areas of the Regional Strategy for strengthening

the role of the health sector for improving CRVS:
Strategic Area 1: Legal and organizational framework for CRVS
Strategic Area 2: Political commitment and intersectoral collaboration for national

capacity-building, partnership, advocacy and outreach
Strategic Area 3: Birth and death registration – completeness and coverage
Strategic Area 4: Recording cause of death, ensuring completeness and quality
Strategic Area 5: Creating demand for health and vital statistics, enabling service
delivery and planning through use in (a) evidence-based decision-making, and (b)
linkages to other activities.
The health sector plays a critical role in accelerating the development and
strengthening of CRVS systems. Its role is often described in terms of the activities of
health institutions, which act as informants of the occurrence of births and deaths,
and enable the certification of cause of death by physicians. This information is crucial
for generating statistics to guide health policy and planning and its importance has
been recognized in the SEA Region through adoption of the “Regional Strategy for
strengthening the role of the health sector for improving civil registration and vital
statistics (CRVS) (2015–2024)”17 by the Regional Committee in 2014.18
17 Regional Strategy for strengthening the role of the health sector for improving CRVS (2015–2024). New Delhi:
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2015. (http://www.searo.who.int/entity/health_situation_trends/
regional_strategy_for_strengthening_the_role_of_the_health_sector_for_improving_crvs.pdf?ua=1, accessed 23
May 2018).
18 Covering every birth and death: improving civil registration and vital statistics. New Delhi: World Health
Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2014 (SEA/RC67/R2; http://apps.who.int/iris/
handle/10665/136970, accessed 30 July 2018).


Improving vital statistics
Improving these three types of vital statistics – birth and death registration and reliable
mortality statistics – are goals of the Regional Strategy.
Figure 11 presents the status for countries in the SEA Region from the best available
recent information. Baseline data collected at the time of development of the CRVS
Strategy in 2013 and 2014 are not presented below as much of this information could
not be adequately validated.
Fig. 11: Birth and death registration coverage and cause-of-death data availability
for countries in the WHO SEA Region, 201719
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
* * * *
Bangladesh
Bhutan
DPR Korea
India
Indonesia
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Birth registration Death registration Cause of death (CoD)
* Cause of death data available from unverified sources.
Birth registration coverage is more than 80% in seven countries and above 50% in
all countries in the Region. Death registration coverage lags behind birth registration
coverage across the Region. Cause-of-death (CoD) data availability varies considerably in
the Region and is mostly of poor quality. Several countries continue to use sample vital
registration sites and surveys (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Nepal) in the absence of
fully functioning CRVS systems capable of generating adequate cause-of-death data and
statistics for policy and planning. This is a strategic interim approach taken by countries.
19 CRVS regional action framework reporting 2013-2017. Bangkok: United Nations Economic and Social Commission
for Asia and the Pacific; 2018 (unpublished document) and DHS / MICS data 2007–2016. For Bangladesh only,
Report on Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics 2017. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2018


Member States of the SEA Region have been actively engaged in regional and national
activities to strengthen CRVS systems. There is an increase in political commitment to
health sector initiatives for CRVS development, support for CRVS development plans,
coordination by stakeholders and partners, expansion in knowledge-sharing, and use of
tools and techniques for improving CRVS performance.
Two specific CRVS strengthening interventions are underway in several countries

in the SEA Region to address issues in improving the completeness and quality of CoD
data to improve the reliability of the mortality statistics generated and used.
A Start-Up Mortality List (SMoL) tool based on a simplified set of International

Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) codes has been introduced to five
countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Nepal and Timor-Leste) to improve
the completeness, quality and use of CoD data captured from health facilities.
A harmonized set of new WHO standards for verbal autopsy is being used by
three countries (Bangladesh, India and Indonesia) and is under review for use by
other countries (Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka) to improve the quality of CoD
data for deaths occurring in communities outside of health facilities.
Conclusions
Civil registration of births and deaths is increasing, though at different rates.
However, there is still very little information available on cause of death, and
what exists is of relatively poor quality.
Within the health sector, the use of WHO standards for death certification, and
for classifying causes of death according to the ICD-10 standard, is expanding
in all countries in the Region, but more intensified action is needed. Here, more
use could be made of SMoL to expand the coverage of medically certified and
classified cause-of-death data to better know what people are dying from.
Strengthening CRVS as a whole requires action beyond the health sector, and by
multiple stakeholders. The MoH has a role to play. Greater advocacy within the
governments is needed for larger and more coordinated investments in CRVS
to improve the completeness, reliability and utility of mortality statistics and to
better understand the burden of disease, particularly from NCDs.
CRVS systems also need to link better with the overall health information system
in a country. This is increasingly possible with new information technologies,
but also needs sustained political support, inter-institutional agreement and
sometimes legislative revision. Understanding better what people are dying from
can lead to stronger health policies and plans, and improve monitoring of the
progress of UHC and the health-related SDGs.


PART 3
Country specific SDG data profiles
23

This section provides country-specific data profiles for the 11 countries of the WHO
South-East Asia Region. A set of health-related SDG indicators are presented. For each
country there is a comprehensive list of references showing data source and year.
~~ Bangladesh
~~ Bhutan
~~ Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
~~ India
~~ Indonesia
~~ Maldives
~~ Myanmar
~~ Nepal
~~ Sri Lanka
~~ Thailand
~~ Timor-Leste


Bangladesh
GDP per capita² Current health expenditure
Population (000s)¹ Urban population¹ Poverty² (Current US$) as share of GDP³
(ppp
(ppp<< $1.90
$1.90 aaday)
day)
166 368 35.9% 18.5 1516.5 3.0%
Monitoring the health SDG goal: Indicators of overall progress

Life expectancy
100
Life expectancy at birth⁴ provides an indication of overall mortality of a
73 country's population. In Bangladesh, from 2000 (65.3 years) to 2016 (72.7
Age (years)
65 63
56 years), the life expectancy at birth has improved by 7.4 years.
50
Healthy life expectancy⁴ reflects overall health of the country's population.
In Bangladesh, from 2000 (56.3 years) to 2016 (63.3 years), healthy life
0 expectancy has improved by 7.0 years.
2000 2007 2015 2016
Life expectancy at birth Healthy life expectancy
Universal health coverage: At the centre of the health goal

The goal of universal health coverage (UHC) is that all people and communities receive the health care they need, without suffering financial
hardship. Monitoring UHC requires measuring health service coverage and financial protection (SDG target 3.8).
HEALTH SERVICE COVERAGE FINANCIAL PROTECTION
A summary measure of essential health services coverage, a
composite service coverage index, is used:16 indicators are derived Financial protection is measured through two indicators:
from four main areas of work: (1) reproductive, maternal, newborn (1) impoverishment, and (2) catastrophic health expenditure.
and child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable
diseases; (4) service capacity, access and health security. Impoverishment: 3.4% or approximately 5 234 000 people are
being pushed into poverty because of out-of-pocket health
Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health Latest available data (2010-2017) spending³.
97
Coverage (%)
100
62 Catastrophic expenditure on health: 13.9% of people spent more
42
50 37 than 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care³.
0
Family planning
coverage⁵
Pregnancy care⁵ Care seeking
behaviour suspected
Child immunization
coverage (DTP3)⁶
Out-of-pocket expenditure³ Public spending on health³ is
pneumonia⁵ In most cases, high determined by the capacity of the
Infectious diseases percentage of out-of-pocket government to raise revenues and
expenditure out of the total allocate it to health.
Coverage (%)
100
62 health expenditure is
50 36
47
associated with low financial
0
16
protection.
Tuberculosis HIV antiretroviral Insecticide-treated Access to basic
treatment coverage⁷ therapy coverage⁸ bednets/indoor sanitation¹⁰
residual spray
coverage for malaria
prevention⁹ 5.7%
Noncommunicable diseases 5.7%
Coverage (%)
100 90
75
65
2.8%
50
0
Prevalence of normal Tobacco non-use¹¹ Prevalence of normal Cervical cancer
blood pressure in fasting glucose level¹¹ screening 72% GDP 2015
population¹⁰
Service capacity, access and health security Estimated total government expenditure, 2015
or latest available year
Coverage (%)
100 78
65 Out-of-pocket expenditure, as % of the Estimated government expenditure on health,
health expenditure (2015) 2015 or latest available year
50 33
19
0
Health security: IHR Access to essential Density of hospital Heath worker density,
compliance¹⁰ medicines¹⁴ beds¹⁵, expressed as expressed as % of
% of global threshold, new global threshold, This profile provides an overview of the current status
18/10 000¹² 44.5/10 000¹³
of achieving better health towards the 13 targets
UHC services coverage index of essential health services under the Sustainable Development Goal #3 (SDG3):
To provide a summary measure of UHC services coverage index Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
coverage, an index of national 100 All 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected health-related
service coverage is computed by indicators are presented where data is available.
Coverage (%)
averaging service coverage values

50
across the 16 tracer indicators. The 50
UHC coverage index ranges from
0% to 100%, with 100% implying full
coverage across a range of 0
services. UHC services coverage index

Sustainable Development Goals in the South-East Asia Region: 2018 update
Bangladesh 27

Equity : Leave no one behind
Variation by geography Variation by income Variation by education
Under five mortality⁵ Antenatal care coverage⁵ Stunting⁵
100 100 100
Mortality Rate
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation¹⁰ Contraceptive (modern) prevalence rate⁵ Full Immunization⁵

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Rural
Quintile 5 (richest) No education Primary school
Urban
Quintile 1 (poorest) Secondary school+
SDGs emphasis on equity

SDG target 17.18 emphasizes the need for disaggregated data. By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries to
increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, location and other
characteristics relevant in national contexts.
Strengthening civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS)

Birth registration¹⁵ Cause of death¹⁶
Death registration¹⁵
100 100
87.2
85.4
85.9
100
85.2
86.4
85.0
87.4
84.2
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50.0
50 50
50
0
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
SDGs emphasis on mortality statistics

More reliable vital statistics on births, deaths and causes of death from civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems are required for
reporting on 14 health-related SDG mortality indicators. Understanding better what people are dying from can lead to stronger health policies
and plans, and improve monitoring of the health-related SDGs.
SDG 3: Health targets

Maternal and child mortality (SDG target 3.1, 3.2)
Births attended by skilled health personnel⁵ Child mortality¹⁸

Maternal mortality ratio¹⁷
100 150
750
MMR [100 000 live births ]
MR [1000 live births]

Coverage (%)
100 88
500
399
50 42
250 32 50
43
176 34
18
20
0 0
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016
2007 2011 2014
Children under-five Neonatal

28 Bangladesh

Communicable diseases (SDG target 3.3)
TB incidence⁷ Malaria incidence⁹ Regional
New HIV infections among Indicators Year Bangladesh
adults 15 to 49 years⁸ 20 estimate
500
Malaria IR [1000 pop. at risk]

Hepatitis B surface
TB incidence [100 000 pop.]

HIV IR [1000 uninfected pop.]
400 15 antigen prevalance

2015 1.38 0.70
among children
0.4 300
10
under 5 years (%)⁴
225 221
200 Number of people
0.2 requiring
5 3.9
100 interventions 2016 47,848,224 671,797,672
0.01 0.02 1.6 against neglected
0.0 0 0 tropical diseases⁴
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Malaria incidence is calculated for
confirmed malaria cases
Noncommunicable diseases and injuries

SDG Regional Total alcohol per capita (age 15+ years)
Indicators Year Bangladesh consumption⁴
target estimate
9
Mortality between 30 and 70 years
of age from cardiovascular
3.4.1 2016 21.6 23.1
diseases, cancer, diabetes or
chronic respiratory diseases⁴ (%)
Suicide mortality rate⁴ 6
3.4.2 2016 5.9 13.2
(per 100 000 population)
Litres
Total alcohol per capita (age 15+
3.5.2 2016 <0.05 4.5
years) consumption⁴
Mortality rate from road traffic 3

3.6.1 2013 13.6 17
injuries⁴ (per 100 000 population)
Sexual and reproductive health
Proportion of married or in-union 0.0 0.0
women of reproductive age who 0
3.7.1 2014 72.5 75.1
have their need for family planning 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016
satisfied with modern methods⁵ (%)
Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women
Adolescent birth rate¹⁹ (per 1000 aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁹
3.7.2 2016 78 33
women aged 15 to19 years)
150
Adolescent birth rate [women aged 15-19 yrs]
Mortality due to environmental pollution

Mortality rate attributed to 126.0
household and ambient air 3.9.1 2016 149 164
pollution⁴ (per 100 000 population)
Mortality rate attributed to exposure 100
to unsafe WASH services⁴ 3.9.2 2016 11.9 15.4 83.5
Mortality rate attributed to
unintentional poisoning⁴ 3.9.3 2016 0.3 1.8
(per 100 000 population) 50
Tobacco use
Tobacco use among persons (15+

3.a.1 2017 25.2 -
yrs) and older - Female 0
2007 2011 2016
3.a.1 2017 46.0 - Total NCD Mortality¹⁰
yrs) and older - Male
1000
Essential medicines and vaccines
Total NCD Mortality rate (per 100 000)
Proportion of the population with

access to affordable medicines and - 750
3.b.1 2014 65
vaccines on a sustainable basis¹⁴
Total net official development

assistance to medical research and 500
3.b.2 2016 1.25 -
basic health per capita¹⁴
Health workforce 250

Health worker density¹³
3.c.1 2017 8.3 -
0
National and global health risks
2000 2005 2010 2015
International Health Regulations
3.d.1 2017 78 73 Female Male
Core Capacity Index⁴
Note: A dash (-) implies relevant data are not available

Bangladesh 29

Country Other health-related SDGs
Bangladesh
General government health expenditure Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who
are stunted⁵
SDG Regional
Indicators Year Bangladesh 100
target estimate
General government health expenditure as
1.a 2015 2.8 9.3
% of general government expenditure⁴
Proportion (%)
Child nutrition 50.6
50
Children under 5 years who are stunted⁴ 2.2.1 2014 36.1 33.8 36.1
Children under 5 years who are wasted⁴ 2.2.2 2014 14.3 15.3
Children under 5 years who are 0
2.2.3 2014 1.4 5.3
overweight⁴
2004 2007 2011 2014
Drinking water services and sanitation
Proportion of population using improved Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who
6.1 2015 56 - are wasted⁵
drinking water sources⁴
50
Proportion of population using improved
6.2 2015 - -
sanitation⁴
Clean household energy
Proportion (%)
Proportion of population with primary
7.1 2016 18 41 25
reliance on clean fuel⁴
Ambient air pollution 14.5 14.3
Air pollution level in cities⁴ (PM 2.5)

11.6.2 2016 58.6 57.3
(µg/m³)
0
Natural disasters
2004 2007 2011 2014
Number of deaths by disaster⁴ Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
13.1.2 2016 <0.1 0.3
( per 100 000 people) overweight⁵
Homicide and conflicts 15
Mortality rate due to homicide⁴

16.1.1 2016 2.9 4
Estimated direct deaths from major Proportion (%)
16.1.2 2011-16 < 0.1 0.1
conflicts⁴ (per 100 000 population) 8
Birth registration
Birth registration coverage¹⁵ 16.9.1 2016 46.5 -
1.4
Cause-of-death data 0
0.9
Completeness of cause-of-death data⁴ 2004 2007 2014

17.19.2 2016 - 10
(%)
References
1. World population prospects: the 2017 revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2017
(http://esa.un.org/wpp/, accessed 9 July 2018).
2. World urbanization prospects: the 2018 revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2018
(https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/DataQuery/, accessed 9 July 2018).
3. Global health expenditure database. Geneva: World Health Organization; June 2016 (http://apps.who.int/nha/database, accessed 9 July 2018).
4. World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
(http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2018/en/, accessed 9 July 2018).
5. Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2014. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International;
2014(https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR311/FR311.pdf, accessed 9 July 2018).
6. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2018 global summary. Geneva: World Health Organization(http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitor-
ing/globalsummary/countries?countrycriteria%5Bcountry%5D%5B%5D=TLS&commit=OK, accessed 9 July 2018).
7. Global tuberculosis report 2017.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516, accessed 9 July
2018).
8. UNAIDS 2016 estimates for coverage of people receiving ART. (http://aidsinfo.unaids.org, accessed 9 July 2018).
9. Global malaria report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/, accessed 9 July 2018).
10. Global health observatory. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/gho/en/, accessed 9 July 2018).
11. CVD vs Tobacco factsheet http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/ban_wntd_18/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018.
12. World health statistics 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013. (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/82058/WHO_HIS_HSI_13.1_eng.pdf,
accessed 9 July 2018).
13. Decade for health workforce strengthening in the South-East Asia Region 2015—2024: Second review of progress, 2018. New Delhi: World Health Organization;
2018.
14. Saha, Tulshi. Bangladesh Service provision Assessment Survey 1999-2000. Calverton, Maryland: National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT),
Mitra and Associates, and ORC Macro; 2002 (https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/SPA2/SPA2.pdf, accessed 9 July 2018).
15. Report on Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics 2013-2014, 2017-2018. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (https://www.bbs.gov.bd). Note: The 2014
Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey reported birth registration coverage as 20.2%.
16. CRVS regional action framework reporting 2013-2017. Bangkok: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific; 2018 (unpublished
document).
17. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015 http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/ - accessed 9 July 2018).
18. Levels & trends in child mortality: report 2015: estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York (NY), Geneva and
Washington (DC): UNICEF, World Health Organization, World Bank, United Nation; 2015 (http://www.childinfo.org/, accessed 9 July 2018).
19. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Fertility Data 2017
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/fertility/index.shtml - accessed 20 June 2018

30 Bangladesh

Bhutan
GDP per capita³ Current health expenditure
Population (000s)¹ Urban population² Poverty³ as share of GDP³
(Current US$)
(ppp
(ppp<< $1.90
$1.90 aaday)
day)
817 40.8% 2.2% 3110.2 3.5%

Life expectancy
100
country's population. In Bhutan, from 2000 (60.2 years) to 2016 (70.6 years),
71
the life expectancy at birth has improved by 10.4 years.
Age (years)
60 61
50 53
Healthy life expectancy⁴ reflects overall health of the country's population.
In Bhutan, from 2000 (52.9 years) to 2016 (60.7 years), healthy life
expectancy has improved by 7.8 years.
0
2000 2007 2015 2016

A summary measure of essential health services coverage, a Financial protection is measured through two indicators:
composite service coverage index, is used:16 indicators are derived (1) impoverishment, and (2) catastrophic health expenditure.
from four main areas of work: (1) reproductive, maternal, newborn and
child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases; Impoverishment: 0.3% or approximately 2 000 people are being
(4) service capacity, access and health security. pushed into poverty because of out-of-pocket health spending³.
Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health Latest available data (2010-2017) Catastrophic expenditure on health: 4.1% of people spent more than
10% of their household's total expenditure on health care³.
Coverage (%)
100 85 99
78 74
50
0
Family planning Pregnancy care⁵ Care seeking Child immunization Out-of-pocket expenditure³ Public spending on health³ is
coverage⁵ behaviour suspected coverage (DTP3)⁶ In most cases, high determined by the capacity of the
pneumonia⁵
Infectious diseases
percentage of out-of-pocket government to raise revenues and
100
Coverage (%)
100 80 health expenditure is

63
50 36
protection.
0
HIV antiretroviral Tuberculosis Insecticide-treated Access to basic
therapy coverage⁷ treatment Coverage⁷ bednets/indoor sanitation⁹
residual spray
prevention⁸ 5.7%
5.7%
Noncommunicable diseases 20%
Coverage (%)
100 88
72 75
64
50 9.1%
0
Prevalence of normal Cervical cancer Tobacco non-use¹² Prevalence of normal
blood pressure in screening¹¹ fasting glucose level¹⁰
GDP 2015
population¹⁰ 80%
Coverage (%)
100
100 Estimated government expenditure on health,
73 Out-of-pocket expenditure, as % of the
44 health expenditure (2015) 2015 or latest available year
50
0
Density of hospital Heath worker Health security: IHR Access to essential
beds¹³, expressed as density¹⁴, expressed compliance¹⁰ medicines
% of global threshold, as % of new global This profile provides an overview of the current status
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000
of achieving better health towards the 13 targets
UHC services coverage index of essential health services under the Sustainable Development Goal #3 (SDG3):
To provide a summary measure of UHC services coverage index Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
coverage, an index of national 100 All 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected health-related
service coverage is computed by 72 indicators are presented where data is available.
Coverage (%)
averaging service coverage values

across the 16 tracer indicators. The 50

Bhutan 31

Equity : Leave no one behind
No data
Variation by geography Variation by income Variation by education
Under 5 mortality⁵ Antenatal care coverage⁵ Stunting⁵
100 100 100
Mortality rate
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation¹⁰ Contraceptive (Modern) prevalence rate⁵ Full Immunization⁵

100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
No data
50 50 0 No data
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015

2000 2005 2010 2015
Rural Quintile 1 (poorest) No education

Urban Quintile 5 (richest) Secondary school +
Primary school

Strengthening Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS)

Birth Registration¹⁵ Death Registration¹⁵ Cause of death¹⁶
100 100 100
82.7 81.0
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50.0
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
SDG emphasis on mortality statistics


Maternal mortality ratio¹⁷ Births attended by skilled health personnel⁵ Child mortality¹⁸
750 100
150
75
Coverage (%)
65
500 58 100
423 80
49
50
250 24 50
148 33 32
0 0 18
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2012 2016
2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

32 Bhutan

TB incidence⁷ Regional
Malaria incidence⁹ Indicators Year Bhutan
estimate
500
20

0.4 400 Hepatitis B surface
15 antigen prevalance
2015 0.81 0.70
300 among children under
211 5 years (%)⁴
0.2
200 178 10
100 5 Number of people

0.0 2.8 requiring interventions
0 2016 241,761 671,797,672
Current data are insufficient 0 0.27 against neglected
to determine trend 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 tropical diseases⁴
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Indicators Year Bhutan consumption⁴
target estimate
9
3.4.1 2016 23.3 23.1
Suicide rate⁴ (per 100,000 6
3.4.2 2016 11.4 13.2
population)
Litres
3.5.2 2016 0.6 4.5
Mortality rate from road traffic
3.6.1 2016 15.1 17.0 3
injuries⁴(per 100,000 population)
Proportion of married or in-union
0.6
women of reproductive age who have 0.0
3.7.1 2016 84.6 75.1 0
their need for family planning satisfied
with modern methods(%)⁵ 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate¹⁹ (per 1000 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women
3.7.2 2014 28.4 33 aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁹
women aged 15 to19 years)
150
Adolescent birth rate [woment aged 15-19 yrs]

household and ambient air 3.9.1 2016 124.5 164.0
100
Mortality rate attributed to exposure
to unsafe WASH services⁴ 3.9.2 2016 4.0 15.4
Mortality rate attributed to 59
50
Tobacco use 28
Tobacco use among persons

3.a.1 2014 13.6 -
(18-69 yrs) and older - Female 0
2010 2012 2016
3.a.1 2014 33.6 - Total NCD mortality¹⁰
(18-69 yrs) and older - Male
1000
Total NCD mortality rate (per 100 000 pop.)

access to affordable medicines and 750
3.b.1 - - -
vaccines on a sustainable basis

assistance to medical research and 500
3.b.2 2016 2.57 -
basic health per capita⁴
Health workforce
250
Health worker density¹⁴
3.c.1 2017 19.3 -
National and global health risks 0
International Health Regulations 2000 2005 2010 2015

3.d.1 2017 73 73
Core Capacity Index¹⁰
Note: A dash (-) implies relevant data are not available Female Male

Bhutan 33

Other health-related SDGs
Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who
General government health expenditure
are stunted⁵
SDG Regional
Indicators Year Bhutan 100
target estimate
1.a 2015 9.1 8.5
Proportion
Child nutrition 50
34.9
0
Children under 5 years who are overweight⁴ 2.2.3 2010 7.6 3.4
2008 2010
Proportion of population using improved Prevalence of children under 5 years of age
drinking water sources⁴ 6.1 2015 34 - who are wasted⁵
100
6.2 2015 - -
sanitation⁴
Proportion (%)
7.1 2016 52 41 50
Ambient air pollution
Air pollution level in cities⁴ (PM 2.5) (µg/m³) 11.6.2 2016 35.4 57.3 4.7
5.9
0
Natural disasters
2008 2010
Number of deaths by disaster⁴
13.1.2 2016 0.00 0.2 Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
( per 100 000 people)
overweight⁵
16.1.1 2016 1.7 4.1
Estimated direct deaths from major conflicts⁴
16.1.2 2016 0 0.1 Proportion (%)
7.6
Birth registration
3.9
Birth registration coverage¹⁵ 16.9.1 2015 100 -
Cause-of-death data
0
Completeness of cause-of-death data¹⁶ (%) 17.19.2 2016 - 10
1999 2008 2010
4. World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs. Geneva: World Health Organization；2018
（http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/en/ , accessed 10 July 2018）.
5. Bhutan national health survey 2012. Thimphu: Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan; 2012 (http://www.health.gov.bt/publications/national-health-survey/,
10 July 2018).
6. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2018 global summary. Geneva: World Health Organization
(http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/countries?countrycriteria%5Bcountry%5D%5B%5D=TLS&commit=OK, accessed 11 July 2018).
7. Global tuberculosis report 2017.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516, accessed 11
July 2018).
8. UNAIDS 2016 estimates for coverage of people receiving ART. UNAIDS (http://aidsinfo.unaids.org, accessed 11 July 2018).
9. Global malaria report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/, accessed 21 July
2018).
11. National survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS approach in Bhutan, 2014. New Delhi: World Health Organization,
Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2015 (http://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/Bhutan_2014_STEPS_Report.pdf, accessed 11 July 2018). 12. CVD vs Tobacco
factsheet http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/bhu_wntd_18/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018
13. World health statistics 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
2018.
document).
document).

34 Bhutan

Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Population (000s)¹ Urban population² Poverty GDP per capita Total health expenditure
(ppp
(ppp << $1.90 aa day)
day) (Current US$) as share of GDP
25 611 61.7%
Relevant data is not available Relevant data is not available Relevant data is not available

Life expectancy
100
Life expectancy at birth³ provides an indication of overall mortality of a
country's population. In Democratic People's Republic of Korea, from 2000
72
(65.4 years) to 2016 (71.9 years), the life expectancy at birth has improved
Age (years)
65 65
59
by 6.5 years.
50
Healthy life expectancy³ reflects overall health of the country's

population. In Democratic People's Republic of Korea, from 2000
0 (58.7 years) to 2016 (64.6 years), healthy life expectancy has improved by
2000 2007 2015 2016 5.9 years.


child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases;
(4) service capacity, access and health security. Impoverishment: Insufficient data
Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health Latest available data (2010-2017)
Catastrophic expenditure on health: Insufficient data
100 96
Coverage (%)
100 80
71
50
0
Out-of-pocket expenditure Public spending on health is
Family planning Pregnancy care⁴ Care seeking Child immunization
In most cases, high determined by the capacity of the
coverage⁴ behaviour suspected coverage (DTP3)⁵ percentage of out-of-pocket government to raise revenues and
pneumonia⁴ expenditure out of the total allocate it to health.
Infectious diseases health expenditure is
Coverage (%)
100 87
77
protection.
50 30
0
HIV antiretroviral therapy Insecticide-treated Access to basic Tuberculosis treatment
coverage bednets/indoor residual sanitation⁷ (%) Coverage⁸
spray coverage for
malaria prevention⁶
Noncommunicable diseases
94
Coverage (%)
100 82
50
0
Prevalence of normal Cervical cancer Tobacco non-use Prevalence of normal
blood pressure in screening fasting glucose level⁷
population⁷
Service capacity and access
Coverage (%)
100 100 100

67
50
Current data are insufficient for analysis Current data are insufficient for analysis
0
Health security:IHR Density of hospital Heath worker Access to essential
compliance⁷ beds⁹ , expressed as density¹⁰, expressed medicines
% of global threshold, as % of new global
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000
UHC services coverage index of essential health services This profile provides an overview of the current status
To provide a summary measure of UHC services coverage index of achieving better health towards the 13 targets
coverage, an index of national 100 under the Sustainable Development Goal #3 (SDG3):
service coverage is computed by 78 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
Coverage (%)
averaging service coverage values ages. 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected
across the 16 tracer indicators. The 50 health-related indicators are presented where data is
UHC coverage index ranges from available.
services. UHC services coverage Index


Leaving no one behind
Variation by geography Variation by sex Variation by education
Postnatal care (with in 48 hrs)⁴ Stunting⁴ Antenatal care coverage⁴
Urban Rural Male Female secondary secondary+
100 89.6 32.4 32.4
83.8 100.0 100.0 96.5
30 100
80.5
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 20
50
10
0
0 0
2005 2010 2005 2010
2005 2010 2005 2010 2005 2010 2005 2010
Year Year
Year Year Year Year
Under five children with symptoms of Under five children with symptoms of Pneumonia
Breast feeding⁴
Pneumonia treated with antibiotics⁴ treated with antibiotics by sex⁴
Urban Rural Male Female Secondary school Secondary school +
100 93.4 100 85.8
80.3 100 88.2 92.7
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
57.0
50 50
50
0 0 0
2005 2010 2005 2010 2005 2010 2005 2010 2005 2010 2005 2010
Year Year Year Year
Year Year


Birth registration¹¹ Death registration¹² Cause of Death¹²
100.0 100 100

100 80.0 80.0
Percentage
Percentage
50 50
50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year Year Year

and plans, and improve monitoring of the health-related SDGs

Maternal mortality ratio¹³ Births attended by skilled health personnel⁴ Child mortality¹⁴
750 150
100 100
100 97
Coverage (%)
500 100
60
50 50
250
128
27
20
82
0 0 11
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2016
2000 2005 2010 2015 2009 2010 2016

36 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Regional
New HIV infections among adults TB incidence⁸ Malaria incidence⁶ Indicators Year DPRK
15 to 49 years estimate
10
600 Hepatitis B

513 surface antigen
prevalance among 2015 0.53 0.70
400 children under 5
5 years³ (%)
requiring
0
0.93
0.5
interventions 2016 5,214,937 671,797,672
0 against neglected
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 tropical diseases³
Current data are insufficient to determine trend
Malaria incidence is calculated
for confirmed malaria cases

Indicators Year DPRK consumption³
target estimate
Mortality between 30 and 70 years 9
3.4.1 2016 25.6 23.1
chronic respiratory diseases³ (%)
Suicide mortality rate³
3.4.2 2016 - 13.2 6
Litres
3.5.2 2016 3.9 4.5
years) consumption³
3.9
3.6.1 2016 20.8 17.0
injuries³ (per 100 000 population) 3 3.3

women of reproductive age who
3.7.1 2007-17 - 75.1
have their need for family planning 0
satisfied with modern methods³ (%) 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate¹⁵ (per 1000

3.7.2 2008 0.7 33.0
women aged 15 to 19 years)
Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged
Mortality due to environmental pollution 15 10 19 years)
household and ambient air 3.9.1 2016 - 164
pollution³ (per 100 000 population)
to unsafe WASH services³ 3.9.2 2016 1.4 15.4
unintentional poisoning³ 3.9.3 2016 1.9 1.8
Tobacco use
Tobacco use among persons and

3.a.1 - - -
older - Female Current data are insufficient to determine trend
Tobacco use among persons and

3.a.1 - - -
older - Male Total NCD Mortality rate⁹
Essential medicines and vaccines 1500
Total NCD mortality rate (per 100 000 pop)

1250
access to affordable medicines and 3.b.1 - - -
1000
assistance to medical research and 3.b.2 2016 0.9 -
basic health per capita³ 750
Health workforce
500
Health worker density¹⁰
3.c.1 2017 81.4 -

3.d.1 2017 67 73 0
Core Capacity Index⁹
2000 2005 2010 2015
Female Male


General government health expenditure Prevalence of stunting in children under 5
years of age⁴
SDG Regional
Indicators Year DPRK 100
target estimate
Proportion (%)
1.a 2015 - 8.5
% of general government expenditure³
Child nutrition 50 43.1
0
Children under 5 years who are overweight⁴ 2.2.3 2014 0.0 3.4
2004 2014
Proportion of population using improved Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years
6.1 2015 - - of age⁴
drinking water sources³
50
6.2 2015 - -
sanitation³
Proportion (%)
Proportion of population with primary 25
7.1 2016 11 41
reliance on clean fuel³
8.5
Air pollution level in cities³ (PM 2.5) 4.0
11.6.2 2016 31.0 57.3 0
(µg/m³)
Natural disasters 2004 2014
Number of deaths by disaster³ (per 100 Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
13.1.2 2016 0.30 0.2
000 people) overweight⁴
Mortality rate due to homicide³

16.1.1 2016 4.4 4.1
Proportion (%)
Estimated direct deaths from major 7.5
16.1.2 2011-2015 <0.1 0.1
conflicts³ (per 100 000 population)
Birth registration
Birth registration coverage¹¹ 16.9.1 2009 100 - 0 0
Cause-of-death data 2004 2014
Completeness of cause-of-death data¹²(%) 17.19.2 2016 - 10

References
4. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea – socio-economic, demographic and health survey 2014. Pyongyang: Central Bureau of Statistics, United Nations Population
Fund; 2015 (http://kp.one.un.org/content/dam/unct/dprk/docs/2014%20SDHS%20Report_E_final.pdf, accessed 11 July 2018).
5. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2018 global summary. Geneva: World Health Organization(http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitor-
ing/globalsummary/countries?countrycriteria%5Bcountry%5D%5B%5D=TLS&commit=OK, accessed 9 July 2018).
8. Global tuberculosis report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516-eng.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 11 July 2018).
9. World health statistics 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. (http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2013_Full.pdf,
2018.
document).
document).

38 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

India
Population (000s)¹ Urban population² Poverty³
(ppp
(ppp << $1.90 day)
$1.90 a day) (Current US$) as share of GDP³
1 354 052 33.6% 21.2% 1939.6 4.0%

Life expectancy
100
country's population. In India, from 2000 (62.5 years) to 2016 (68.8 years),
69
the life expectancy at birth has improved by 6.3 years.
Age (years)
63
59
54
50
Healthy life expectancy⁴ reflects overall health of the country's
population. In India, from 2000 (54.2 years) to 2016 (59.3 years), healthy life
0
2000 2007 2015 2016


child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases; Impoverishment: 4.2% or approximately 52.5 million people are
(4) service capacity, access and health security. being pushed into poverty because of out-of-pocket health
spending³
100 Catastrophic expenditure on health: 17.3% of people spent more

Coverage (%)
78 87
64
51 than 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care³
50
0
In most cases, high determined by the capacity of the
Family planning Pregnancy care⁵ Care seeking Child immunization
coverage⁵ behaviour suspected coverage (DPT3)⁶ percentage of out-of-pocket government to raise revenues and
pneumonia⁵ expenditure out of the total allocate it to health.
Infectious diseases health expenditure is
100 associated with low financial
Coverage (%)
49
63
protection.
50 37 44
0
coverage⁷ bednets/indoor residual sanitation⁹ (%) Coverage¹⁰
spray coverage for
malaria prevention⁸
5.05%
91
Coverage (%)
100
74 71
65.0%
50
3.4%
0
Prevalence of normal Prevalence of normal Tobacco non-use¹¹ Cervical cancer
blood pressure level in fasting glucose level⁹ screening
population⁹
GDP 2015
Service capacity, access and health security
Estimated total government expenditure, 2015
Coverage (%)
100 95
64
50
0
Health security: IHR Density of hospital Heath worker Access to essential
compliance⁹ beds¹², expressed as density¹², expressed medicines
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000
UHC services coverage index of essential health services

This profile provides an overview of the current status
service coverage is computed by Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
Coverage (%)
averaging service coverage values 64

ages. 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected

India 39

Equity: Leave no one behind
Variation by residence Variation by wealth Variation by education
Under five mortality⁵ Antenatal care coverage⁵ Stunting among under 5⁵
100 100 100

Mortality rate
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2000 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation⁹ Contraceptive(modern) prelavence rate⁵ Full Immunization⁵

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Rural Quintile 5 (richest) No education Secondary school+

Urban Quintile 1 (poorest) Primary school


Birth Registration¹³ Death Registration¹³ Cause of Death¹³
100 100
100 88.3
82.0 84.4 76.6
66.9 70.9
69.0 63.4
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
13.5 14.3 16.9

10.5
0 0
0
2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015
2005 2010 2015


Maternal mortality ratio¹⁴ Births attended by skilled health personnel⁵ Child mortality¹⁵
750 100 150

Coverage (%)
500 100
91
374 50
250 50 45 43
174
25
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 Null 2013 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

40 India

New HIV infections among 20 Regional

TB incidence⁷ Malaria Incidence⁸ Indicators Year India
adults 15 to 49 years⁷ estimate

500 15
Hepatitis B surface
400
0.4 antigen prevalance
TB IR [100 000 pop.]

2015 0.51 0.70
10 among children
300
247 under 5 years ⁴(%)
211
0.2 200 5 Number of people
0.1
0.1
1.2
requiring
100 0.9
0
interventions against 2016 458,855,231 671,797,672
0.0 0 neglected tropical
2012 2014 2016 diseases⁴⋅
2011 2013 2015 2011 2013 2015

Total alcohol per capita (age 15+ years)
SDG Regional consumption⁴
Indicators Year India
target estimate 9
3.4.1 2016 23.3 23.1
Suicide mortality rate⁴ 6 5.7
3.4.2 2016 16.3 13.2
Litres
Total alcohol per capita⁴ (age 15+
3.5.2 2016 5.7 4.5
years) consumption
3.6.1 2016 16.6 17 3 3
3.7.1 2016 72.0 75.1
satisfied with modern methods⁵ (%) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate⁴ (per 1000 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women
3.7.2 2016 28.1 33.0
women aged 15 to 19 years) aged 15 to 19 years)

Tobacco use

3.a.1 2016-17 14.2 -
yrs) and older - Female¹¹ Current data are insufficient to determine trend

3.a.1 2016-17 42.4 - Total NCD mortality⁹
yrs) and older - Male¹¹
1000

access to affordable medicines and 3.b.1 - - - 750

assistance to medical research and 3.b.2 2016 0.28 500
Health workforce
250
Health worker density¹²
3.c.1 2016 27.5 -
3.d.1 2017 95 73 2000 2005 2010 2015
Core Capacity Index⁹ Year

India 41

Prevalence of stunting in children under 5
SDG Regional years of age⁵
Indicators Year India 100
target estimate
General government health expenditure as %
1.a 2015 3.4 8.5
of general government expenditure⁴
Proportion (%)
Child nutrition
50 47.9
Children under 5 years who are stunted⁵ 2.2.1 2015-16 38.4 33.0 38.4
Children under 5 years who are wasted⁵ 2.2.2 2015-16 21.0 15.2
Children under 5 years who are overweight⁵ 2.2.3 2015-16 2.1 3.4
0
Drinking water services and sanitation 2005-06 2013 2015-2016
6.1 2015 - - Prevalence of wasting in children under 5
Proportion of population using improved years of age⁵
6.2 2015 - - 50
sanitation⁴
Proportion (%)
Proportion of population with primary reliance
7.1 2015 41 41
on clean fuel⁴
25
Ambient air pollution 20 21
Air pollution level in cities⁴ (PM 2.5) (µg/m³) 11.6.2 2015 68 57.3
Natural disasters 0
Number of deaths by disaster⁴ per 100 000 2005-06 2013 2015-2016
13.1.2 2015 0.2 0.3
people) Prevalence of children under 5 years who
Homicide and conflicts are overweight⁵
15
16.1.1 2015 4.1 4
Proportion (%)
Estimated direct deaths from major conflicts⁴
16.1.2 2015 <0.1 0.1
Birth registration
4
Birth registration coverage¹³ 16.9.1 2015 88.3 -
2.1
Cause-of-death data
0
Completeness of cause-of-death data¹³ (%) 17.19.2 2015 17 10 1998-99 2005-06
References
5. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; 2017 (http://www.rchiips.org/nfhs, accessed 11 July 2018).
6. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2018 global summary. Geneva: World Health Organization(http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/glob-
alsummary/countries?countrycriteria%5Bcountry%5D%5B%5D=TLS&commit=OK, accessed 9 July 2018).
10. Factsheet 2018: India. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272672/wntd_2018_india_fs.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 11 July 2018).
11. World health statistics 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 (http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2013_Full.pdf,
2018.
13. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (RGI) (http://censusindia.gov.in/ - accessed 9 July
2018).

42 India

Indonesia
GDP per capita³ Current Health
Population (000s)¹ Urban population² Poverty³ (Current US$) expenditure³
(ppp
(ppp << $1.90 a day)
day)
as share of GDP
266 795 54.7% 6.5% 3846.9 3.3%

Life expectancy
100
69 country's population. In Indonesia, from 2000 (66.3 years) to 2016
Age (years)
66
59 62 (69.3 years), the life expectancy at birth has improved by 3 years.
50
population. In Indonesia, from 2000 (59.4 years) to 2016 (61.7 years),
healthy life expectancy has improved by 2.3 years.
0
2000 2007 2015 2016


Financial protection is measured through two indicators:
composite service coverage index, is used:16 indicators are derived
(1) impoverishment, and (2) catastrophic health expenditure.
child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases; Impoverishment: 0.8% or approximately 2 000 000 people are
spending³.
Coverage (%)
100 79 85
69
81 Catastrophic expenditure on health: 3.6% of people spent more than
50 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care³.
0
coverage⁵ behaviour suspected coverage (DPT3)⁶ In most cases, high determined by the capacity of the
pneumonia⁵ percentage of out-of-pocket government to raise revenues and
Infectious diseases expenditure out of the total allocate it to health.
100 health expenditure is associated
Coverage (%)
100
68 with low financial protection
50 36
13
0
HIV antiretroviral Insecticide-treated Access to basic Tuberculosis treatment
therapy coverage⁷ bednets/indoor residual sanitation⁹ Coverage¹⁰
spray coverage for
Noncommunicable diseases 5...
5.7%
Coverage (%)
100 92
76 48%
64
6.6%
50
0
blood pressure level fasting glucose level⁹ screening
GDP 2015
in population⁹
99 or latest available year
Coverage (%)
100
Out-of-pocket expenditure, as % of the Estimated government expenditure on health,
55 health expenditure (2014)
50 33
2015 or latest available year
0
compliance⁹ beds¹², expressed as density¹³, expressed medicines
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000

Coverage (%)
averaging service coverage values 61 ages. 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected

Indonesia 43

100
100
Mortality rate
Percentage
Percentage
No data
50 0
50
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation⁹ Contraceptive (Modern) prevalence rate⁵ Full immunization⁵
100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010
Rural Quintile 5 (richest) No education Primary

Urban Quintile 1 (poorest) Secondary+


Birth registration¹⁴ Death registration¹⁴ Cause of Death¹⁵
100 100 100
71.3
68.5
66.6
65.0
60.0
Percentage
53.4
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015


Maternal mortality ratio¹⁶ Births attended by skilled health personnel⁵ Child mortality¹⁷
750 100
88.6 150
Coverage (%)
500
100
50 41.5
250 265
50 52.3
126
22.3 26.0
0 13.7
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2002-2003 2007 2012 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

44 Indonesia

New HIV infections among Malaria incidence⁸ Regional

TB incidence⁷ Indicators Year Indonesia
adults 15 to 49 years⁷
20
estimate
500


407
391 Hepatitis B surface
400 15 antigen prevalance 0.70
0.4
0.5
among children 2015 1.07
0.32 300
10 under 5 years (%)⁴
200
0.2 Number of people
100
5 requiring
2.4 interventions against 2016 101,813,236 671,797,672
0 0.8
0.0 0 neglected tropical
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 diseases⁴

Indicators Year Indonesia consumption⁴
target estimate
9
3.4.1 2016 26.4 23.1
3.4.2 2016 3.4 13.2
Litres
3.5.2 2016 0.8 4.5
3.6.1 2013 15.3 17 3
Proportion of married or in-union 0.8
3.7.1 2007-17 77.9 75.1 0 0.1
have their need for family planning
2005 2008 2010 2015 2016
satisfied with modern methods⁵(%)
Adolescent birth rate¹⁸ (per 1000 aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁸
3.7.2 2014 40.1 33.0
women aged 15 to 19 years) 150
Adolescent birth rate [women aged 15-19 years]

pollution⁴ (per 100 000 population) 100

50
unintentional poisoning⁴ 3.9.3 2016 0.4 1.8 40.1
Tobacco use
Tobacco use among persons (15+ 0

3.a.1 2011 4.5 -
yrs) and older - Female 1997 2003 2012 2014
Tobacco use among persons (15+ Total NCD mortality⁹

3.a.1 2011 67.5 -
yrs) and older - Male 1000


750

500
Health workforce
Health worker density¹³ 250
3.c.1 2017 24.4 -
0
3.d.1 2017 99 73
Core Capacity Index⁹ 2000 2005 2010 2015

Indonesia 45

are stunted⁵
SDG Regional 100
Indicators Year Indonesia
target estimate
1.a 2015 7.4 8.5
Proportion (%)
Child nutrition 50
40.1
36.4
Children under 5 years who are stunted⁵ 2.2.1 2012 36.4 33.0
Children under 5 years who are wasted⁵ 2.2.2 2012 13.5 15.2
0
Children under 5 years who are overweight⁵ 2.2.3 2012 11.5 3.4
2007 2010 2012
6.1 2015 - -
drinking water sources⁴ are wasted⁵
Proportion of population using improved 50
6.2 2015 - -
sanitation⁴
Proportion (%)
7.1 2016 58 41
14.8 13.5
Air pollution level in cities⁴ (PM 2.5) (µg/m³) 11.6.2 2016 16.4 57.3 0
2007 2010 2012
Natural disasters
Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
Number of deaths by disaster⁴ overweight⁵
13.1.2 2012-16 <0.1 0.2
(per 100 000 people)
15
Homicide and conflicts
12
Mortality rate due to homicide⁴ 11
16.1.1 2016 4.5 4.1
Proportion (%)
Estimated direct deaths from major
16.1.2 2012-16 <0.1 0.1 8
conflicts⁴ (per 100 000 population)
Birth registration coverage¹⁴ 16.9.1 2016 72.5 -
Cause-of-death data
Completeness of cause-of-death data¹⁵ (%) 17.19.2 2007-16 - 10 0

2007 2010 2012
References
5. Indonesia demographic and health survey 2012. Jakarta, Indonesia: BPS, BKKBN, Kemenkes, and ICF International; 2013
(https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr275/fr275.pdf, accessed 11 July 2018).
10. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516, accessed 11 July 2018).
11. Factsheet 2018: Indonesia. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272673/wntd_2018_indonesia_fs.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 11 July 2018).
2018.
document).
document).

46 Indonesia

Maldives
Population (000s)¹ Urban population² Poverty³ (Current US$) as share of GDP³
(ppp
(ppp << $1.90 day)
$1.90 a day)
444 30.3% 7.3% 10536.8 11.5%

Life expectancy
100
78 country's population. In Maldives, from 2000 (69.6 years) to 2016
70
70
(78.4 years), the life expectancy at birth has improved by 8.8 years.
Age (years)
62
50
population. In Maldives, from 2000 (61.7 years) to 2016 (69.8 years),
0
2000 2007 2015 2016


child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases; Impoverishment: 1.5% or approximately 5 000 people are
spending³.
99
Catastrophic expenditure on health: 19.9% of people spent more
Coverage (%)
100 90
75
43 than 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care³.

50
0
Family planning Pregnancy care⁵ Care seeking Child immunization In most cases, high percentage determined by the capacity of the
coverage⁵ behaviour suspected coverage (DPT3)⁷ of out-of-pocket expenditure government to raise revenues and
pneumonia⁵
out of the total health allocate it to health.
Infectious diseases expenditure is associated with
96 low financial protection.
Coverage (%)
100 80
50
19
0
HIV antiretroviral therapy Access to basic Tuberculosis treatment Insecticide treated
coverage⁶ sanitation⁸ Coverage⁹ bednets/indoor residual
spray coverage for
malaria prevention
Coverage (%)
100 89
80
76
50
22.8%
0
Prevalence of normal Prevalence of normal Tobacco non-use¹⁰ Cervical cancer
blood pressure in fasting glucose level⁸ screening
population⁸ GDP 2015
100 100 or latest available year
Coverage (%)
100
0
compliance⁸ beds¹¹, expressed as density¹², expressed medicines
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000

Coverage (%)
72

Maldives 47

Variation by residence Variation by income Variation by education
Under five mortality⁵ Antinatal care coverage⁵ Stunting⁵

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation⁸ Contraceptive (modern) prevalence rate⁵ Full Immunization⁵

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50
50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Rural Quintile 5 (richest) No education Primary school

Urban Quintile 1 (poorest) Secondary school+

Birth registration⁵ʹ¹³ Death Registration¹³ Cause of Death¹³

99.0 100 90.1 100.0
100 92.5 100
73.0
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50
50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015


Births attended by skilled health personnel⁵
Maternal mortality ratio¹⁴ Child mortality¹⁵
750 150
50 44.4
40
Coverage (%)
500 100 94.8 95.6
30 25.7
250 20
50
163
10 8.5
68
0 4.8
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2009 2014 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

48 Maldives

New HIV infections among adults TB incidence⁹ Malaria incidence
15 to 49 years Regional
Indicators Year Maldives
500
20 estimate

TB incidence [100,000 pop.]
400
Hepatitis B surface
15
antigen prevalance
2015 0.19 0.7
300 among children under
10 5 years (%)⁴
Malaria free since 1984
5 requiring interventions
100 2016 1,937 671,797,672
40 49 against neglected
0 0 tropical diseases⁴
Current data are insufficient to determine trend 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
confirmed malaria cases.Only small
number of imported cases have been reported

Indicators Year Maldives consumption⁴
target estimate
9
3.4.1 2016 13.4 23.1
Suicide mortality rate⁴
3.4.2 2016 2.3 13.2 6
3.5.2 2016 2.7 4
Litres
3.6.1 2013 3.5 17
injuries⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3 2.7
women of reproductive age who 1.2
3.7.1 2009 42.7 74.1
2010 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate¹⁶ (per 1000 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women
3.7.2 2014 12.9 33.9 aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁶
150

50
Tobacco use

3.a.1 2011 4.4 -
(15-64 yrs) and older - Female 15.7 13.3 14.0
0
3.a.1 2011 36.0 - 2011 2014 2017
(15-64 yrs) and older - Male
Essential medicines and vaccines Total NCD mortality⁸
1000

750
500
Health workforce
Health worker density¹²

3.c.1 2015 118.3 -

3.d.1 2017 63 73 0
Core Capacity Index⁸
2000 2005 2010 2015
Note: A dash (-) implies that relevant data are not available Female Male

Maldives 49

are stunted⁵
SDG Regional
Indicators Year Maldives 100
target estimate
1.a 2015 22.8 9.3
% of general government expenditure³
Proportion (%)
Child nutrition
50 46.7
20.3
Children under 5 years who are overweight⁵ 2.2.3 2009 6.5 4.7 0
1997-98 2001 2009
Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who
6.1 2015 - - are wasted⁵
6.2 2015 - -
sanitation⁴
Proportion (%)
7.1 2016 94 41 25
reliance on clean fuel⁴ 22

Air pollution level in cities⁴ (PM 2.5) 10.2
11.6.2 2016 7.7 57.3
(µg/m³)
0
Natural disasters
1997-98 2009
13.1.2 2011-2015 0 0.3 Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
overweight⁵
16.1.2 2012-16 0.9 0.1
Proportion (%)
Mortality rate due to homicide (per 100 000
16.1.1 2016 3.4 4
population)⁴ 7.5 6. 9
6. 5
Birth Registration
Birth registration coverage¹³ 16.9.1 2014 99 -

Cause-of-death data
0
Completeness of cause-of-death data¹³ (%) 17.19.2 2014 100 11 1997-98 2009
Note: A dash (-) implies that relevant data are not available
References
5. Maldives demographic and health survey 2009. Calverton, Maryland: MOHF and ICF Macro; 2010
(https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-fr237-dhs-final-reports.cfm, accessed 11 July 2018).
9. Global tuberculosis report 2017.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516, accessed 11 July
2018).
10. Factsheet 2018: Maldives. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272674/wntd_2018_maldives_fs.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 11 July 2018).
2018.
13. Demographic Health Survey 2009 and Regional action framework on civil registration and vital statistics in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: UNESCAP
(https://www.unescap.org/resources/regional-action-framework-civil-registration-and-vital-statistics-asia-and-pacific, accessed 9 July 2018).
document).
17. Global malaria report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/, accessed 9 July
2018).

50 Maldives

Myanmar
Poverty GDP per capita³ Current health expenditure
Population (000s)¹ Urban population²
(ppp
(ppp << $1.90 day)
$1.90 a day)
(Current US$) as share of GDP³
53 856 30.3% 1298.9
Relevant data is not available
4.9%

Life expectancy
100
country's population. In Myanmar, from 2000 (62.1 years) to 2016
Age (years)
67
62
58
55
50
population. In Myanmar, from 2000 (54.7 years) to 2016 (58.4 years),
0
2000 2007 2015 2016


composite service coverage index, is used:16 indicators are derived Financial protection is measured through two indicators:
from four main areas of work: (1) reproductive, maternal, newborn and (1) impoverishment, and (2) catastrophic health expenditure.
child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases;
(4) service capacity, access and health security. Impoverishment: Insufficient data
Reproductive, maternal,newborn and child health Latest available data (2010-2017) Catastrophic expenditure on health: Insufficient data
100
Coverage (%)
75 75
59 58
50
0 Out-of-pocket expenditure³ Public spending on health³ is

Family planning Pregnancy care⁵ Care seeking Child immunization In most cases, high percentage determined by the capacity of the
coverage⁵ behaviour suspected coverage (DPT3)⁶
pneumonia⁵ of out-of-pocket expenditure government to raise revenues and
Infectious diseases out of the total health allocate it to health.
100
expenditure associated with low
Coverage (%)
55
65 72 financial protection
53
50
0
coverage⁷ bednets or Indoor sanitation⁹ (%) Coverage¹⁰
residual spray coverage
for malaria prevention⁸
74%
93
Coverage (%)
100
75
46 4.9%
50
0 4
Prevalence of normal Prevalence of normal Cervical cancer Tobacco non-use¹¹

blood pressure level fasting glucose level⁹ screening¹⁰ GDP 2015
in population⁹
Service capacity, access and healthy security or latest available year
100
Coverage (%)

50 40 43
33
0
compliance⁹ beds¹², expressed as density¹³, expressed medicines¹⁴
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000

Coverage (%)
50

Myanmar 51

Under five mortality rate⁵ Antenatal care coverage⁵ Stunting⁵
100 100 100
Mortality rate
Percentage
Percentage
50
50 50
0
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation⁹ Contraceptive (Modern)⁵prevalence rate Full immunization⁵

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Quintile1 (Poorest) No education Primary school

Rural
Quintile5 (Richest) Secondary school +
Urban

Birth registration⁵ Death registration¹⁵ Cause of Death
100.0 82.9 100

72.4
Percentage
Percentage
No data
50.0
50.0 50 0
0.0
0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015


750 100
150
71
Coverage (%)
500
60 100
82
308
50
250
50 51
178
37
25
0
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2010 2015-2016 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

52 Myanmar

New HIV infections among TB incidence¹⁰ Malaria incidence⁸ Regional

Indicators Year Myanmar
20
estimate
500


0.5 Hepatitis B surface
400 376
361 15 antigen prevalance 0.7
0.4 11.7 among children under 2015 2.03
300
10 5 years (%)⁴
0.22 200
5
100
3.5
requiring interventions 671,797,672
against neglected 2016 39,343,021
0.0 0 0
tropical diseases⁴
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016

Indicators Year Myanmar consumption⁴
target estimate
Mortality between 30 and 70 years 9
3.4.1 2016 24.2 23.1
3.4.2 2016 7.8 13.2 6
4.8
Litres
3.5.2 2016 4.8 4.5
3.6.1 2013 20.3 17 3
3.7.1 2015-2016 75 75.1 0 0.3
satisfied with modern methods⁵(%) 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate¹⁸ (per 1000 aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁸
3.7.2 2014 36 33.0
women aged 15 to 19 years) 150

unintentional poisoning⁴ 3.9.3 2016 1.4 1.8 50
36
Tobacco use
17
3.a.1 2014 29.1 -
(25-64 yrs) and older - Female¹¹ 0
2007 2016
3.a.1 2014 79.8 -
(25-64 yrs) and older - Male¹¹ Total NCD mortality⁹
1000

access to affordable medicines and 3.b.1 2015 43 - 750
vaccines on a sustainable basis¹⁴

assistance to medical research and 3.b.2 2016 2.78 - 500
Health workforce
Health worker density¹³ 250
3.c.1 2017 17.9 -
International Health Regulations 0
3.d.1 2017 62 73
Core Capacity Index⁴ 2000 2005 2010 2015

Myanmar 53

are stunted⁵
SDG Regional 100
Indicators Year Myanmar
target estimate
1.a 2016 4.9 8.5
Proportion (%)
Child nutrition
50
40.6
Children under 5 years who are stunted⁵ 2.2.1 2015-2016 29.2 33.0
29.2
Children under 5 years who are wasted⁵ 2.2.2 2015-2016 7.0 15.2
2.2.3 2015-2016 1.3 3.4
overweight⁵ 2003 2009-10 2015-2016
6.1 2015 - - are wasted⁵
6.2 2015 - -
sanitation⁴
Proportion (%)
7.1 2016 18 41 25
10.7
Air pollution level in cities⁴ (PM 2.5) 7.0
11.6.2 2016 34.6 57.3
(µg/m³) 0
Natural disasters 2003 2009-10 2015-2016
Number of deaths by disaster⁴ .. 13.1.2 2012-16 <0.1 0.2 Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
overweight⁵
16.1.1 2016 4.1 4.1
Proportion (%)
16.1.2 2012-16 1.9 0.1
conflicts⁴ (per 100 000 population) 7.5
Birth registration
Birth registration coverage⁵ 16.9.1 2015-16 81 - 2.4
Cause-of-death data 1.3
0
Completeness of cause-of-death data⁴
17.19.2 2005-2015 - 10 2003 2009-10 2015-16
(%)
References
5. Myanmar demographic and health survey 2015-16. Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, and Rockville, Maryland USA: Ministry of Health and Sports and ICF; 2017 (
https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR324/FR324.pdf, accessed 13 July 2018).
6. World Health Organization. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage: DTP3. Geneva.
http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/countries?countrycriteria%5Bcountry%5D%5B%5D=TLS&commit=OK -accessed 20 June 2018.See for
DTP3 coverage: a proxy for immunization coverage.
7. UNAIDS 2016 estimates for coverage of people receiving ART. http://aidsinfo.unaids.org - accessed 20 June 2018.
8. World Health Organization. Global Malaria Report 2017. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018.
9. Global Health Observatory: http://www.who.int/gho/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018.
10. Fact Sheet: STEPS Survey Myanmar 2014. World Health Organization, 2016.
11. Factsheet 2018: Myanmar. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272686/wntd_2018_myanmar_fs.pdf?sequence=2, accessed 13 July 2018)
12. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2013. Geneva, 2013.
2018.
14. Nation-wide service availability and readiness assessment (SARA). Myanmar: Ministry of Health, Myanmar and World Health Organization; 2015
document).
17. Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2015 Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York (NY), Geneva and
Washington (DC) http://www.childinfo.org/-accessed 20 June 2018

54 Myanmar

Nepal
(ppp
(ppp << $1.90
$1.90 a day)
day)
29 624 19.3% 15% 835.1 6.1%

Life expectancy
100
Life expectancy at birth⁴ provides indication of overall mortality of a
country's population. In Nepal, from 2000 (62.5 years) to 2016
70
Age (years)
63 61
55
50
population. In Nepal, from 2000 (55.1 years) to 2016 (61.3 years), healthy
life expectancy has improved by 6.2 years.
0
2000 2007 2015 2016


child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases; Impoverishment: 1.7% or approximately 473 000 people are
(4) service capacity, access and health security. being pushed into poverty because of out-of-pocket health spending³
Latest available data (2010-2017)
Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health Catastrophic expenditure on health: 10.7% of people spent more
than 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care³
Coverage (%)
100 85 91
69
56
50
0 Out-of pocket-expenditure³ Public spending on health³ is

Family planning Pregnancy care⁵ Care seeking Child immunization In most cases, high determined by the capacity of the
health expenditure is
Coverage (%)
100
50 40 43 46 protection.
0
coverage⁷ bednets/indoor residual sanitation⁹ (%) Coverage¹⁰
spray coverage for
malaria prevention⁸ 11.2%
100 89
Coverage (%)
71 69
50 60% 5.5%
0
blood pressure level in fasting glucose level⁹ screening
population⁹ GDP 2015
100
Coverage (%)
100
50
22
0
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000

Coverage (%)
averaging service coverage values 62

ages. 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected

Nepal 55

Under five mortality rate⁵ʹ¹⁴ Antenatal care coverage⁵ʹ¹⁴ Stunting⁵ʹ¹⁴
150 100
60
Mortality rate
Percentage
100
Percentage
40
50
50 20
0 0
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation⁹ Contraceptive (Modern) prevalence rate⁵ʹ¹⁴ Immunization⁵ʹ¹⁴
100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Rural Quintile 1 (poorest) No education
Primary school

Birth registration⁵ʹ¹⁴ Death registration¹⁵ Cause of Death¹⁶

80 80 75.0 80
58.1 56.2
60 60
60 50.0
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
42.3
40 40 40
20 20 20
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015


Maternal mortality ratio¹⁷ Births attended by skilled health personnel.. Child mortality¹⁸
750 100
150
548
Coverage (%)
500
100
58 81
50
250 258
50
39
19 35
0 21
0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015
2006 2011 2014 2016 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

56 Nepal

New HIV infec�ons among Malaria incidence⁸ Regional

TB incidence¹⁰ Indicators Year Nepal
adults 15 to 49 years⁷ estimate
500 5

400 4 Hepatitis B surface

antigen prevalance
0.4 2015 0.31 0.70
300 3 among children
200 161 2
154
<0.1 100 1 requiring
0.0
0.03
0 0 0.09 0.1 interventions 2016 17,552,881 671,797,672
against neglected
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 tropical diseases⁴

Indicators Year Nepal consumption⁴
target estimate
9
Mortality between 30 and 70 years of
age from cardiovascular diseases,
3.4.1 2016 21.8 23.1
cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory
diseases⁴ (%)
3.4.2 2016 8.8 13.2
Litres
3.5.2 2016 2.0 4.5
consumption⁴
Mortality rate from road traffic injuries⁴
3.6.1 2016 17 17.0 3
Sexual and reproductive health 2.0

women of reproductive age who have
3.7.1 2016 56.1 74.1
their need for family planning satisfied 0 0.2
with modern methods⁵ (%) 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate¹⁹ (per 1000 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 15
3.7.2 2015 88 33.0 to 19 years)¹⁹
150
Adolescent birth rate (women aged 15-19 yrs)

Mortality rate attributed to household
and ambient air pollution⁴ 3.9.1 2016 193.8 164.0
(per 100 000 population) 100 98
88
Mortality rate attributed to exposure to
unsafe WASH services⁴ 3.9.2 2016 19.8 15.4
Mortality rate attributed to unintentional

3.9.3 2016 0.4 1.8 50
poisoning⁴ (per 100 000 population)
Tobacco use
Tobacco use among persons (15-64
3.a.1 2013 14.1 - 0
yrs) and older - Female¹¹
2006 2011 2014 2016
Tobacco use among persons (15-64
3.a.1 2013 48.1 -
yrs) and older - Male¹¹ Total NCD mortality⁹

access to affordable medicines and 3.b.1 2016 - -
750

assistance to medical research and 3.b.2 2016 2.47 - 500
Health workforce
Health worker distribution¹³ 250
3.c.1 2017 33.5 -
0
International Health Regulations Core
3.d.1 2017 22 73 2000 2005 2010 2015
Capacity Index⁴
Female Male

Nepal 57

General government health expenditure Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
stunted⁵
SDG Regional 100
Indicators Year Nepal
target estimate
1.a 2015 5.5 8.5
Proportion (%)
as % of general government expenditure⁴
49
Child nutrition 50
36
Children under 5 years who are stunted⁵ 2.2.1 2016 35.8 33
Children under 5 years who are waste⁵ 2.2.2 2016 9.7 15.2 0
2006 2011 2014 2016
Children under 5 years who are
2.2.3 2016 1.2 3.4
overweight⁵ Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
Drinking water services and sanitation wasted⁵
50
6.1 2015 27 -
Proportion (%)
6.2 2015 - -
sanitation⁴
25
7.1 2016 28 41 10
Ambient air pollution 0
Air pollution level in cities⁴ (PM 2.5) 2006 2011 2014 2016
11.6.2 2016 99.5 57.3
(µg/m³)
Natural disasters Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
overweight⁵
13.1.2 2012-16 7.0 0.2 15
16.1.1 2016 3.3 4.1
Proportion (%)
16.1.2 2012-16 <0.1 0.1
Birth registration
Birth registration coverage⁵ 16.9.1 2016 56.2 -
1.2
Cause-of-death 0.6
0
Completeness of cause-of-death data¹⁶
17.19.2 2007-16 - 10 2006 2011 2014 2016
(%)
References
1.United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects, the 2017 Revision, 2017. http://esa.un.org/wpp/
-accessed 20 June 2018.
2.United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision -
https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/DataQuery/ - accessed 20 June 2018.
3.World Health Organization. Global health expenditure database. June 2016. http://apps.who.int/nha/database - accessed 20 June 2018.
4.World Health Organization. World health statistics 2018: Monitoring health for the SDGs. Geneva, 2018.
http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018.
5. Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014, Final Report. Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF Nepal; 2015
(http://unicef.org.np/uploads/files/597341286609672028-final-report-nmics-2014-english.pdf, accessed 13 July 2018).
8. World Health Organization. Global Malaria Report 2017. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018.
10. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2017.Geneva,2017 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516 - accessed 20
June 2018
11. Factsheet 2018: Nepal. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018
(http://www.searo.who.int/entity/ncd_tobacco_surveillance/documents/nep_wntd_18/en/, accessed 13 July 2018).
2018.
14. Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2007-2017, accessed 9 July 2018).
document).
document).
Washington (DC) http://www.childinfo.org/-accessed 20 June 2018.

58 Nepal

Sri Lanka
(ppp
(ppp << $1.90
$1.90 a day)
day)
20 877 18.4% 1.9% 4065.2 3.0%

Life expectancy
100
72 75
country's population. In Sri Lanka, from 2000 (71.5 years) to 2016
Age (years)
67
64
50
Healthy life expectancy⁴ reflects overall health for the country's
population. In Sri Lanka, from 2000 (63.9 years) to 2016 (67.0 years),
0
2000 2007 2015 2016


(4) service capacity, access and health security. pushed into poverty because of out-of-pocket health spending.¹⁷
10% of their household's total expenditure on health care.¹⁷
Coverage (%)
100 99 99
74
52
50
0
coverage⁵ behaviour suspected coverage (DPT3)⁶ In most cases, high percentage determined by the capacity of the
pneumonia⁵ of out-of-pocket expenditure out government to raise revenues and
Infectious diseases of the total health expenditure is allocate it to health.
Coverage (%)
100 94
64 protection
50 27
0
HIV antiretroviral Access to basic Tuberculosis Insecticide-treated
therapy coverage⁷ sanitation⁸ (%) treatment Coverage⁹ bednets/indoor
residual spray
prevention⁹ 11.2%
11.2%
38%
Coverage (%)
100 93
78 74
8.0%
50 25
0
blood pressure in fasting glucose level⁸ screening¹⁰ GDP 2015
population⁸
Service capacity, access and health security or latest available year
100
Coverage (%)

76 71 health expenditure (2015) 2015 or latest available year
50
0
Health security:IHR Density of hospital Heath worker Acess to essential
compliance⁸ beds¹², expressed as density¹³, expressed medicines
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000

Coverage (%)
68
across the 16 tracer indicators.The 50 health-related indicators are presented where data is

Sri Lanka 59

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation⁸ Demand for family planning satisfied need⁵ Full Immunization⁵

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Rural Quintile 1 (poorest) No education Primary school

Urban Quintile 5 (highest) Secondary school+


Birth registration⁵ʹ¹⁴ Death registration¹⁵ Cause of Death¹⁵ʹ⁴
97.2 97.0 100 90.0 93.0 100 93.0
100
82.0
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015


750 150
100
MMR [100 000 live births]

Coverage (%)
500 100 94 96 99 100
50
250
50
57 16.3
0 30 10.1 9.4
0 0 5.3
2000 2005 2010 2015
1993 2000 2007 2016 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

60 Sri Lanka

New HIV infections among TB incidence⁹ Malaria incidence¹⁸ Regional

Indicators Year Sri Lanka
20
estimate
500

Hepatitis B surface

400 15 antigen prevalance

2015 0.64 0.70
0.4 among children under
300 5 years⁴ (%)
10
0.2
requiring interventions
5 2016 55,720 671,797,672
<0.1
0.06
100 66 65 against neglected
0.0 0 0 tropical diseases⁴
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015
Malaria incidence is calculated for confirmed
malaria cases. Only small number of
imported malaria cases have been reported.

Indicators Year Sri Lanka
target estimate 9
3.4.1 2015 17.4 23.1
6
Suicide mortality rate¹⁹ (per 100
3.4.2 2016 14.3 13.2
000 population)
Litres
3.5.2 2016 4.3 4.3 4.3
3.6.1 2016 14.2 17 3
injuries¹⁹ (per 100 000 population)
3.7.1 2016 74.2 75.1
have their need for family planning 0 0.3
satisfied with modern methods⁵ (%) 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate⁵ (per 1000

3.7.2 2016 30 - Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women
aged 15 to 19 years)
Tobacco use

3.a.1 2015 5.3 -
(18-69 yrs) and older - Female¹¹
Tobacco use among persons Current data are insufficient to determine trend
3.a.1 2015 45.7 -
(18-69 yrs) and older - Male¹¹
Essential medicines and vaccines Total NCD mortality⁸
1000

vaccines on a sustainable basis 750

basic health per capita⁴ 500
Health workforce
Health worker density¹³ (per 10 250
3.c.1 2016 31.7 -
000 population)
0
3.d.1 2017 76 80
Core Capacity Index⁸ 2000 2005 2010 2015
Female Male

Sri Lanka 61

General government health expenditure Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
stunted⁵
SDG Sri Regional
Indicators Year 100
target Lanka Estimate
General government health expenditure as %
1.a 2016 7.9 8.5
Proportion (%)
of general government expenditure⁴
Child nutrition 50
19.2 17.3
0
Children under 5 years who are overweight⁵ 2.2.3 2016 2.0 3.4
2009 2012 2016
Drinking water services and sanitation Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
Proportion of population using improved wasted⁵
6.1 - - -
drinking water sources 50
6.2 - - -
sanitation
Proportion (%)
7.1 2016 26 41
reliance on clean fuel⁴ 15.1
Ambient air pollution 11.8

11.6.2 2016 15.1 57.3 0
(µg/m³)
Natural disasters 2009 2012 2016
Number of deaths by disaster⁴ (per 100 000 Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
13.1.2 2012-16 0.3 0.2
people) overweight⁵
Mortality rate due to homicide¹⁹

16.1.1 2016 2.5 4.1
16.1.2 2011-2015 <0.1 0.1 Proportion (%) 7.5
Birth registration
2.0
Birth registration coverage¹⁴ 16.9.1 2012 97.2 - 0.8
0
Cause-of-death
2009 2012 2016
Completeness of cause-of-death data¹⁵(%) 17.19.2 2005-2015 93 10
Note: A dash (-) implIes relevant data are not available
References
-accessed 20 Jun 2018.
5. Sri Lanka demographic and health survey 2016. Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) and Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine; 2017
(http://www.statistics.gov.lk/social/DHS_2016a/FIST%20PAGE_&_CONTENTS.pdf - accessed 20 June 2018).
June 2018.
10. Fact Sheet: STEPS Survey Sri Lanka 2015. World Health Organization, 2017.
11. Factsheet 2018: Sri Lanka. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272688/wntd_2018_srilanka_fs.pdf?sequence=1 , accessed 13 July 2018).
2018.
14. Annual Health Bulletin 2015 http://www.health.gov.lk/moh_final/english/public/elfinder/files/publications/AHB/2017/AHB%202015.pdf – accessed 20 June 2018
document).
Washington (DC) http://www.childinfo.org/-accessed 20 June 2018.
18. World Health Organization. Global Malaria Report 2017. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018

62 Sri Lanka

Thailand
Population (000s)¹ Urban population² Poverty³
(ppp
(ppp<< $1.90
$1.90 aaday)
day)
69 183 49.2% 0.1% 6593.8 3.8%

Life expectancy
100
75 country's population. In Thailand, from 2000 (71.1 years) to 2016
71
Age (years)
67
63
50
Healthy life expectancy⁴ reflects overall health for the country's
population. In Thailand, from 2000 (63.4 years) to 2016 (66.8), healthy life
0
2000 2007 2015 2016


child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases; Impoverishment: Insufficient data
(4) service capacity, access and health security.
Catastrophic expenditure on health: 1.9% of people spent more
99 than 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care¹⁷.
Coverage (%)
100 89 91
80
50
0 Out-of-pocket expenditure³ Public spending on health³ is

Coverage (%)
100 100 95
69 59
50 protection.
0
coverage⁷ bednets/indoor residual sanitation⁹ (%) coverage¹⁰
spray coverage for
15.6%
12%
91
Coverage (%)
100 78 73
50 15.3%
0
Prevalence of normal Cervical cancer Tobacco non-use¹¹ Prevalence of normal
blood pressure level screening fasting glucose level⁹
GDP 2015
in population⁹
97
100
Coverage (%)
100 86
50
0
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10 000
service coverage is computed by
85
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
Coverage (%)
across the 16 tracer indicators.The 50 health-related indicators are presented where data is
Monitoring Health in the Sustainable Development Goals Thailand 63

100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
0 No Data 0 No data
50
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation⁹ Contraceptive (modern) prevalence rate⁵ Full Immunization⁵

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Rural Quintile 1 (poorest) No education Primary school


Birth registration⁵ Death registration¹⁴ Cause of death⁴
99.4 99.4 99.5 100.0 100

100.0 100 81.0
84.9
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
70.1
50
50.0 50
0.0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015


Maternal mortality ratio¹⁵ Births attended by skilled health personnel⁵ Child mortality¹⁶
750
150
97 100 99
100
500 100
50
250 50
23
13 12
0 25 20 0 0 7
2000 2005 2015 2005-2006 2012 2015-2016 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016
64 Thailand Monitoring Health in the Sustainable Development Goals

New HIV infections among TB incidence¹⁰ Malaria incidence⁸ Regional

Indicators Year Thailand
20
estimate
500

TB incidence [100,000 pop.]

400 Hepatitis B surface
15
antigen prevalance
0.4 among children
2015 0.17 0.70
300
0.3 10 under 5 years (%)⁴
0.19 200 176 172
0.2
5 Number of people
100
1.4 requiring
0.98
0.0 0 0 interventions 2016 64,094 671,797,672
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 against neglected
Malaria incidence is calculated for tropical diseases⁴

Indicators Year Thailand consumption⁴
target estimate
Mortality between 30 and 70 yrs of 9
8.3
age from cardiovascular diseases,
3.4.1 2016 14.5 23.1
cancer, diabetes or chronic
respiratory diseases⁴ (%)
3.4.2 2016 14.4 13.2 6
5.6
Litres
3.5.2 2016 8.3 4.5
3.6.1 2013 36.2 17 3
3.7.1 2016 89.2 - 0
satisfied with modern methods⁵ (%) 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate¹⁷ (per 1000 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women
3.7.2 2016 51.0 -
women aged 15 to 19 years) aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁷
Mortality due to environmental pollution 150
Adolescent birth rate (women aged 15-19 yrs)

60
51
(per100 000 population) 50
Tobacco use

3.a.1 2011 8 -
yrs) and older - Female
0
Tobacco use among persons (15+ 2012 2015-2016
3.a.1 2011 47.2 -
yrs) and older - Male
Total NCD mortality⁹

vaccines on a sustainable basis 750

assistance to medical research and 3.b.2 2016 0.37 0.47
basic health per capita⁴ 500
Health workforce
3.c.1 2017 38.2 - 250
3.d.1 2017 97 73 0
Core Capacity Index⁴
2000 2005 2010 2015
Female Male
Monitoring Health in the Sustainable Development Goals Thailand 65

General government health expenditure Prevalence of children under 5 years of age
who are stunted⁵
SDG Regional 100
Indicators Year Thailand
target estimate
Proportion (%)
1.a 2015 16.6 8.5
Child nutrition 50
Children under 5 years who are stunted⁵ 2.2.1 2015-2016 10.5 33.0
Children under 5 years who are wasted⁵ 2.2.2 2015-2016 5.8 15.2 18.1
10.5
0
Children under 5 years who are overweight⁵ 2.2.3 2015-2016 8.2 3.4
2005-06 2012 2015-2016
Proportion of population using improved Prevalence of children under 5 years of age
6.1 2015 - - who are wasted⁵
50
6.2 2015 - -
sanitation⁴
Proportion (%)
7.1 2016 74 41
4.7 5.8
Air pollution level in cities (PM 2.5) (µg/m³) 11.6.2 2016 26.6 57.3 0
2005-06 2012 2015-2016
Natural disasters
Prevalence of children under 5 years of age
Number of deaths by disaster⁴ .. 13.1.2 2012-16 <0.1 0.2
who are overweight⁵
15
16.1.1 2016 5 4.1
Proportion (%)
16.1.2 2015 0.7 0.1 8.0
Birth registration
Birth registration coverage⁵ 16.9.1 2016 99.5 -

Cause-of-death data 0
2005-06 2012 2015-2016
Completeness of cause-of-death data⁴ (%) 17.19.2 2007-16 85 10
References
http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018
5. Thailand multiple indicator cluster survey 2015-16. Bangkok: National Statistical Office and United Nations Children’s Fund; 2016
(https://www.unicef.org/thailand/Thailand_MICS_Full_Report_EN.pdf, accessed 13 July 2018).
8. World Health Organization. Global Malaria Report 2017. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/ - acessed 20 June 2018.
9. Global Health Observatory: http://www.who.int/gho/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018
June 2018
11. Factsheet 2018: Thailand. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272690/wntd_2018_thailand_fs.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 13 July 2018).
2018.
document).
15. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015 http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/ - accessed 9 July 2018)
66 Thailand Monitoring Health in the Sustainable Development Goals

Timor-Leste
Current health expenditure
Population (000s)¹ Urban population ² Poverty³ GDP per capita³
(ppp
(ppp<< $1.90
$1.90 aaday)
day)
1 324 30.2% 30.3% 2279.2 3.1%

Life expectancy
100
country's population. In Timor-Leste, from 2000 (58.7 years) to 2016
69
Age (years)
59 59
50 52

population. In Timor-Leste, from 2000 (52.2 years) to 2016 (59.2 years),
healthy life expectancy has improved by 7 years.
0
2000 2007 2015 2016


(4) service capacity, access and health security. pushed into poverty because of out-of-pocket health spending³
100 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care³
Coverage (%)
71 76
47
50 38
0 Out of pocket expenditure³ Public spending on health³ is

coverage⁵ behaviour suspected coverage⁶ (DPT3)
pneumonia⁵
percentage of out-of-pocket government to raise revenues and
Communicable diseases
100
Coverage (%)

57
41
protection.
50
0
Insecticide-treated Tuberculosis treatment HIV antiretroviral Access to basic
bednets/indoor residual coverage⁹ therapy coverage sanitation (%)
spray coverage for
malaria prevention⁷
94
Coverage (%)
100
72
4.2%
2.4%
50 44
0 1

GDP 2015
blood pressure level blood glucose level in screening¹⁰
in population⁸ population⁸
Service capacity, access and health security or latest available year
Coverage (%)

100
56
50
0
compliance⁸ beds¹², expressed as density¹³, expressed medicines
18/10 000 threshold, 44.5/10
000
service coverage is computed by Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Coverage (%)
averaging service coverage values 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected health-related
across the 16 tracer indicators.The 50
49 indicators are presented where data is available.

Timor-Leste 67

Under five mortality rate⁵ Antenatal coverage⁵ Stunting⁵

100 100 100
Mortality rate
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sanitation⁸ Contraceptive (modern) prevalence rate⁵ Full immunization⁵

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
50 50 50
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015
Rural Quintile 5 (richest) No education Secondary school +

Urban Quintile 1 (poorest) Primary school

Birth registration¹⁴ Death registration¹⁵ Cause of Death

100 100 100
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
55.2
49.0
50 50 50 No data
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015 2000 2005 2010 2015


750 100
694 150
110
Coverage (%)
500 100
57
50
250 30 50 50
215 37
18
22
0 0 0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2003 2009-2010 2016 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

68 Timor-Leste

Regional
New HIV infections among Malaria incidence⁷ Indicators Year Timor-Leste
adults 15 to 49 years
TB incidence⁹ estimate
498 20
498
Hepatitis B surface

500

antigen prevalance
400
15 2015 0.87 0.70
among children
300
10

5 4.7 requiring
100 interventions 2016 1,167,125 671,797,672
0 0 0.5 against neglected
Current data are insufficient to determine
trend 20122013 2014 20152016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
tropical diseases⁴

Indicators Year Timor-Leste
target estimate 9
3.4.1 2016 19.9 23.1
Suicide rate⁴ (per 100 000 6
3.4.2 2015 4.6 13.2
population)
Litres
3.5.2 2016 2.1 4
Mortality rate from road traffic 3
3.6.1 2013 16.6 17
2.1
Proportion of married or in-union 0.7
women of reproductive age who 0
3.7.1 2007-16 46.9 75.1
have their need for family planning 2008 2010 2015 2016
Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁸
3.7.2 2016 42 -
women aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁸ 150
Adolescent Birth Rate [women aged 15-19 yrs]

78
to unsafe WASH services⁴ (per 100 3.9.2 2016 9.9 15.4
000 population)
Mortality rate attributed to 51
50
unintentional poisoning⁴ 3.9.3 2016 0.4 1.8 42
Tobacco use

3.a.1 2014 28.9 - 0
(18-69 yrs) and older - Female¹¹
2003 2009 2016
3.a.1 2014 70.6 - Total NCD mortality⁸
(18-69 yrs) and older - Male¹¹
1000

750
vaccines on a sustainable basis⁴

500
Health workforce
250
3.c.1 2017 25.0 -
International Health Regulations 2000 2005 2010 2015

3.d.1 2017 72 80
Core Capacity Index⁸
Female Male

Timor-Leste 69

General government health expenditure Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years
SDG Regional of age⁵
Indicators Year Timor-Leste
target estimate 100
1.a 2015 4.2 8.5
Proportion (%)
Child nutrition 55
50.2
50
2.2.3 2016 6 3.4
overweight⁵ 2003 2007-08 2009-10 2016
Prevalence of children under 5 years who are
6.2 2015 - - wasted⁵
sanitation⁴ 50
6.1 2015 - -
Proportion (%)
7.1 2016 7 41
14.3
Ambient air pollution 11.0

11.6.2 2016 18.2 57.3
(µg/m³) 0
Natural disasters 2003 2007-08 2009-10 2016
Number of deaths by disaster⁴ Prevalence of children under 5 years who are

13.1.2 2011-16 0 0.2
( per 100,000 people) overweight⁵
16.1.1 2016 5.1 4.1
Estimated direct deaths from major Proportion (%)
16.1.2 2011-16 0 0.1
Birth registration 5.8
Birth registration coverage¹⁴ 16.9.1 2010 55 -

Cause-of-death data 1.5
0
Completeness of cause-of-death data⁴
17.19.2 2005-2015 - 10 2003 2007-08 2009-10 2016
(%)
References
5. Timor-Leste demographic and health survey 2016. Dili: General Directorate of Statistics (GDS), Ministry of Health and ICF; 2018
(https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR329/FR329.pdf, accessed 13 July 2018).
DTP3 coverage: a proxy for immunization coverage
7. World Health Organization. Global Malaria Report 2017. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018
8. Global Health Observatory: http://www.who.int/gho/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018
9. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2017.Geneva,2017 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516 - accessed 20 June
2018.
10. Fact Sheet: STEPS Survey Timor-Leste 2014. World Health Organization, 2016.
11. Factsheet 2018: Timor-Leste. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272689/wntd_2018_timor-leste_fs.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 13 July 2018).
2018.
14. Timor-Leste demographic and health survey 2009 https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR235/FR235.pdf - accessed 20 June 2018
document).

70 Timor-Leste

Annex
Indicator definitions and data used
The health-related SDG indicators have been mapped to and populated according to the
United Nations SDG metadata standards.20 Almost all the health-related SDG indicators
used in this report are aligned with these global definitions and are consistent with data
and indicators presented in the WHO World health statistics 2018.21 However, four
health SDG3 indicators have been modified to better fit the regional context, which are
described in the box below.
SDG3 indicators on health adjusted for the SEA Region
SDG target Indicator Revised definition
3.3.3 Malaria incidence (per 1000 population Includes only confirmed cases
at risk)
3.8.1.2 Antenatal care, four or more visits (%) Average between antenatal care, four or
more visits (%) and proportion of births
attended by skilled health personnel (%)
3.1.8.7 Population at risk sleeping under Population at risk sleeping under

insecticide-treated bednets (%) insecticide-treated bednets or using
indoor residual spraying (%)
3.c. Health worker density for physicians, Health worker density for physicians,
psychiatrists and surgeons nurses and midwives
20 United Nations. SDG indicators metadata repository (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/, accessed 15 June

2018).
21 World health statistics 2017: monitoring health for the SDGs. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (http://
www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2018/en/, accessed 15 June 2018).


Monitoring progress on
universal health coverage
and the health-related
Sustainable Development
Goals in the South-
East Asia Region
2018 update
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Monitoring progress on

universal health coverage

Health in the SDGs.indd 1 30-08-2018 11:00:03

Health in the SDGs.indd 2 30-08-2018 11:00:03

Introduction by the Regional Director 1

Part 1: Progress towards universal health coverage and

Part 2: Strengthening SDG monitoring, with a focus on improvements

Part 3: Country-specific SDG data profiles 23

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 35

Annex: Indicator definitions and data 71

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Health in the SDGs.indd 3 30-08-2018 11:00:03

It is a great pleasure to introduce the third annual report on

Part 1 provides, as previously, regional highlights of

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Health in the SDGs.indd 1 30-08-2018 11:00:04

Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Health in the SDGs.indd 2 30-08-2018 11:00:04

Health in the SDGs.indd 3 30-08-2018 11:00:04

Universal health coverage

Essential health services coverage

The UHC service coverage index, as in previous years, is made up of 16 indices in

Despite improvements, there remains much to do to advance essential service

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Health in the SDGs.indd 5 30-08-2018 11:00:04

Looking at the two dimensions of UHC together

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Health in the SDGs.indd 6 30-08-2018 11:00:04

64 Global median Sri Lanka

7.3 Global median

Regional highlights on UHC

Equity: what is known about who is being left behind?

Regional inequalities in essential service coverage

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Health in the SDGs.indd 7 30-08-2018 11:00:04

Fig. 3: Inequalities in coverage of essential health services by income group, urban

DTP3 PNC (with DTP3 PNC (with

Richest Poorest Urban Rural

DTP3 PNC (with

Secondary or more No education

Increased attention to monitoring inequalities within countries

 Variations in premature mortality between men and women, over time

6 DHS / MICS data, 2007-2016

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Health in the SDGs.indd 8 30-08-2018 11:00:05

Figure 4 shows trends in probability of premature mortality due to noncommunicable

Fig. 4: Probability (%) of dying between exact ages 30 and 70

Bangladesh Bhutan DPR Korea India

Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal

Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste

 Variations in access to basic sanitation, over time

In terms of trends in inequalities in services depending on where people live, there

7 State of health inequality: Indonesia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.

Monitoring progress on universal health coverage and the health-related

Health in the SDGs.indd 9 30-08-2018 11:00:05

Fig. 5 . Basic sanitation service coverage by geographical areas

Bangladesh Bhutan DPR Korea India

Variations in premature mortality between men and women, over time

Variations in access to basic sanitation, over time

Variations in health service coverage by income group, over time

Strategic Area 1: Legal and organizational framework for CRVS

Strategic Area 2: Political commitment and intersectoral collaboration for national

Strategic Area 3: Birth and death registration – completeness and coverage

Strategic Area 4: Recording cause of death, ensuring completeness and quality

A Start-Up Mortality List (SMoL) tool based on a simplified set of International