TATAPOWER-DDL

DATA POWER DELHI DISTRIBUTION LIMITED

A Tata Power and Delhi Government Joint Venture
Power Quality, Reliabiliility & Availability
Reliability
• Reliability: The degree of performance of the elements
of the bulk electric system that results in electricity being
delivered to customers within accepted standards and in
the amount desired.

• Reliability may be measured by the frequency, duration,

and magnitude of adverse effects on the electric supply.

• Electric system reliability can be addressed by

considering two basic and functional aspects of the
electric system: adequacy and security

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Reliability
• Adequacy: the ability of the electric system to supply the
aggregate electrical demand and energy Requirements
of the customers at all times, taking into account
scheduled and reasonably expected unscheduled
outages of system elements.
• Security: the ability of the electric system to withstand
sudden disturbances such as electric short circuits or
unanticipated loss of system elements.

Similarly, one may define reliability as the system’s ability to provide an

acceptable level of continuity and quality, or a reasonable assurance of
continuity and quality

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Reliability

Performance Availability (24X7)

Quality (pf,voltage)

Capability (MW)
Power Reliability
Frequency
Security (Faults)

Duration

Measurement
Magnitude

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Distribution Reliability……
• Distribution Reliability relates to equipment outages &
customer interruptions. In normal operating conditions,
all equipment's (except standby) is energized and all
customers are energized. Scheduled & Unscheduled
events disrupt normal operating conditions & can lead to
outages & interruptions.
• Some important terms related to Reliability is:-
1. Contingency
2. Open Circuit Fault.
3. Short Circuit Fault
4. Outage
5. Momentary Interruption
6. Sustained Interruption
7. Availability.

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Distribution Reliability Definitions
• Contingency — an unexpected event such as a fault or an open
circuit. Another term for a contingency is an unscheduled event.
• Open Circuit — a point in a circuit that interrupts load current
without causing fault current to flow.
• Fault — a short circuit. Faults are caused by dielectric breakdown
of insulation systems and can be categorized as self-clearing,
temporary, and permanent.
• Outage — An outage occurs when a piece of equipment is de-
energized. Outages can be either scheduled or unscheduled.
• Momentary Interruption — a momentary interruption occurs
when a customer is de-energized for less than a few minutes( 3-
5). Most momentary interruptions result from reclosing or
automated switching.
• Momentary Interruption Event — a momentary interruption
event consists of one or more momentary interruptions within a
several minute time interval.
• Sustained Interruption — a sustained interruption occurs when
a customer is de-energized for more than a few minutes.

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Reliability Indices
Most Common Reliability Indices are :-
1. Consumer Based.
2. Load Based

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Understanding Reliability Indices
Customer-Based Reliability Indices-The most widely
used reliability indices are averages that weight each
customer equally. Customer-based indices are popular with
regulating authorities since a small residential customer
has just as much importance as a large industrial customer.
They Are :
Major :SAIDI, SAIFI,CAIDI,ASAI,MAIFI
Others :CAIFI, CTAIDI, CEMIn, CEMSMIn

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System Average Interruption Frequency Index( SAIFI)

SAIFI is a measure of how many sustained interruptions an average

customer will experience over the course of a year. For a fixed number
of customers, the only way to improve SAIFI is to reduce the number of
sustained interruptions experienced by customers.
Example :
Say a Zone has total 50000 Consumers.
The No. of Tripping Recorded on a day is as given below:
Event No. of Consumer Affected Duration
1 200 1.5Hr
2 600 0.5Hr
3 100 2.0Hrs
SAIFI = 200+600+100 =0.018/day
50000
If this is an average value and consumers served remain same it would mean a
SAIFI of 365*.018 = 6.57 Nos./Yr

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System Average Interruption Duration Index( SAIDI)

SAIDI is a measure of how many interruption hours an average

customer will experience over the course of a year. For a fixed number
of customers, SAIDI can be improved by reducing the number of
interruptions or by reducing the duration of these interruptions.
Example :Using the Earlier Table
Event No. of Consumer Affected Duration Consumer Hrs
1 200 1.5Hr 300
2 600 0.5Hr 300
3 100 2.0Hrs 200
SAIDI = 300+300+200 =0.016 hrs/day
50000
If this is an average value and consumers served remain same it would mean a
SAIDI of 365*.016 = 5.84hrs/Yr

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Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI)

CAIDI is a measure of how long an average interruption lasts, and is used as a

measure of utility response time to system contingencies. CAIDI can be
improved by reducing the length of interruptions, but can also be reduced by
increasing the number of short interruptions. Consequently, a reduction in
CAIDI does not necessarily reflect an improvement in reliability.

It Can Also be Calculated as ( SAIDI/SAIFI)

Example : Using the SAIDI /SAIFI data as given above:

CAIDI = 5.84/6.57
= 0.89 Hrs

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Average Service Availability Index( ASAI)

ASAI is the customer-weighted availability of the system and provides the

same information as SAIDI. Higher ASAI values reflect higher levels of
system Reliability.
Example : Using the data as above
Total Customer Hours Service Demand = 365 days x 24 hours/day
= 8760 hours per year * 50000 customers
= 438000000 Customer Hrs
Total Customer Hrs Lost = 800*365
= 29200 Customer Hrs
Total Customer Hours Service Ability = (438000000 – 29200)
= 437708000 Cust Hours

ASAI = 437708000
438000000
= 0.99933 or 99.933%

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Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI)

MAIFI is attractive to utilities because it can be easily computed from

breaker and recloser counters. MAIFIE is a better measure of
customer satisfaction since multiple closely spaced momentary
interruptions have much less impact than the same number of
momentary interruptions spaced days or weeks apart
MAIFI
Two breaker operations followed by a successful reclose: MAIFI=2

MAIFIE - event MAIFI

Two breaker operations followed by a successful reclose: MAIFI E =1

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Factors affecting Reliability Measurements

• Reliability data Collection : There is substantial

complexity with regards to utility outage reporting
process and, in addition, there is a wide range of
practices employed by utilities. Obviously, a large
variation in data collection and reporting practices can
lead to a great disparity of data quality. The variation
among utilities on the following issues generally lead to
variation in reliability reporting :
o Event Capture
o Start time
o Customer Count
o Step restoration
o Restoration Time.
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Improving Reliability
• Improvement of SAIFI
– Reducing the no. of Interruptions
• Tree Trimming/Bird Guarding to avoid transients
• Equipment maintenance to avoid failure of the same
• Removal of Unauthorised incursions on the lines
• Undergrounding under special conditions.
• Proper Predictive analytics of impending fault
– Reducing the no. of Consumers per Interruptions
• Sectionalising the network
• Having a well coordinated protection system
• Improvement of SAIDI
– All the actions for SAIFI is applicable
– Reducing the time of interruption
• Having Sufficient Redundancy
• Auto-reclosing/Sectionalising of Network
• Automation of Substations
• Faster Location of faults through FPI
• Self Healing

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TPDDL Initiatives: Reliability Improvement

Many Industry Firsts!

GIS – Mapping all electrical assets and consumers

Outage Management System
TPDDL Initiatives: Reliability Improvement

M
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 TPDDL Initiatives – Reliability Improvement
• Power Purchase Agreements
– Executed long term PPAs for 1050 MW over 914 MW allocated ; sufficient to meet
requirements till FY 18

• Future Plans
– No captive power plants to be added - due to adequate availability
– Bids invited for Long Term procurement of 750 Mus of renewable power (solar
& non-solar) from FY ‘16.

Wind Solar Biomass Small Hydro

Reliability Improvement Measures.
• Distribution Automation
– Remote control & operation of Breakers & Isolators.
– Large scale Automation is not recommended as an initial strategy.
– Targeted feeder automation can sometimes be cost effective & and
widespread automation is generally required for dramatic reliability
improvements.

• Fast Crew Response

– Speed up service restoration and speed up repair times.
– Several reliability improvement projects that have the potential to
improve crew response time are:
Outage Management Systems
Faulted Circuit Indicators
Automatic Fault Location Devices
Increased Number of Crews and Dispatch Centers

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Distribution Reliability Improvements
• New Trends Adopted by TPDDL :-
o Replacement of Aging Infrastructure
• Switchgear Replacement
• Conductor & Pole Replacement
• Sick Cable Replacement
• Major Revamping of LV Distribution network
• Consumer Meter & Service Line replacement
o Implementation of Latest Technologies
• SCADA & Automation
• Geographical Information system
• Adoption of Digital Relays & Protection system
• Autoreclosures & Sectionalizers ,
• Outage Management System
• Moving towards smart grid

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Distribution Reliability Improvements

• New Trends Adopted by TPDDL :-

o Emphasis on Safety Culture –”Safety First”
• PTW System
• Mandatory usage of PPE
• Usage of instruments like Neon Tester , Discharge rods etc
• Penalty on non compliance
• Major emphasis on training & behavior change
• Reporting & CAPA of all incidents & accidents compulsory
o Improvement of Skill & Focus on training
• Reskilling through training
• Advance training , Simulators
• Disaster Management through training & Readiness drill

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 Proposed Way Forward
IMPACT
HIGH LOW
G.O., Polypro, Line
enance, DA Swapping, Cable Swapping, Relay Swapping, FPI Swapping
LO

Generic Maintenance
INVESTMEN

Field FPI/
RMUAdvance
DA/AR/SR/RMU/ Undergrounding/ installation for
Relaying
HIG

arresting tripping at FSS

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Proposed Way Forward-Prioritization
Low ABR feeders :
• Where high consumer unrest,
• Feeders with High No. of Consumers connected with HIGH Fault SAIDI
• LINE FUSES+MAINTENANCE

Medium ABR Feeders:

• High Revenue Loss feeders
• FIELD FPI+LINE FUSES+MAINTENANCE

High ABR feeders:

• High Revenue Loss and High Saidi
• High No. of faults [Sequence of priority Mntc-->Trf--> Transient]
• High MTTR
• High Load/Overload feeders: ensureN-1, schemes follow up for priority
• DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION+ LINE FUSES+ HIGH QUALITY MAINTENANCE

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Reliability Improvement Measures.

Fewer Equipment Failures :- Some Common Failure

Reduction Programs
• Increased Inspection and Monitoring
• Substation Transformer Programs
• Tree Trimming Programs
• Use of Covered Wire
• Infrared Feeder Inspection Programs
• Wire Replacement Programs
• Cable Replacement Programs
• Increased Lightning Protection
• Transformer Load Management Programs

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 Failure & Diagnosis by Patrolling Line by Breakdown staff

 Fault occurrence
 Upstream Breaker Opens
 FPI indicate fault

NO

5/24/2019
 Manual Isolation of Faulty Section

• Manual isolation of the faulty section

 Close NO point

NO

5/24/2019
 Manual Restoration

• Restoration of supply manually

 Breakdown staff moves to

Grid to restore balance

NO

5/24/2019
 Manual Restoration

• Supply restored and only faulty cable is pending

 Breakdown staff moves to

Grid to restore balance

NO

5/24/2019
 With Automated Substations at Select Locations

• Fault occurrence
• FPIs memorises the passage of fault current
• upstream protection opens

NO

5/24/2019
 Localisation of the faulty section

• Network Reconfiguration from the Control Centre:

• Polling remote controlled substations
 Isolation of the faulty section by FRTU’s
 Close NO point & Grid CB

NO

5/24/2019
 Localisation of the faulty section

• Network Reconfiguration from the Control Centre:

• Polling remote controlled substations

 Breakdown staff attend the

faulty section

NO

5/24/2019
 GIS

Consumer
SCADA

Operations
SAP-ISU

DMS

Consumer Indexing

OMS
Enterprise GIS

Digitization Asset
Management Field Automation

Design
Manag SAP-PM

Vehicle Tracking

Survey Redlining
 Outage Management System (OMS)
AMI

Control Centre

CS Outage Management
System
SAP-
ISU GE
Smallworld

SCADA/DMS

WMS (SAP)
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5/24/2019
 Reliability Reporting in TPDDL (daily)

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TATAPOWER-DDL 35 power to the people -/

Reliability Reporting in TPDDL (Monthly & Yearly)
YTD APR MAY
TARGET
Circle District Zone Code
16-17
Outage Fault Outage Fault Outage Fault
SAIDI SAIDI SAIDI
SAIDI SAIDI SAIDI SAIDI SAIDI SAIDI

CITY MOTI
CIRCLE NAGAR
1301 5.6089 9.5239 1.9291 7.5948 0.5334 0.1204 0.4130 2.2488 0.4783 1.7705

1302 9.0774 12.6182 3.1362 9.4819 0.8599 0.3864 0.4735 1.4828 0.0882 1.3946

1303 11.1281 16.5597 2.6027 13.9571 1.4417 0.3953 1.0464 1.9406 0.3261 1.6146

1304 5.9070 11.2095 1.8401 9.3695 0.8726 0.0925 0.7801 1.5458 0.1254 1.4203

MOTI NAGAR 8.4100 12.7714 2.3319 10.4395 0.9992 0.2553 0.7439 1.7779 0.2416 1.5363
CITY CIRCLE 8.4100 12.7714 2.3319 10.4395 0.9992 0.2553 0.7439 1.7779 0.2416 1.5363

YTD APR MAY

TARGET
Circle District Zone Code
16-17
Outage Fault Outage Fault Outage Fault
SAIFI SAIFI SAIFI
SAIFI SAIFI SAIFI SAIFI SAIFI SAIFI
CITY MOTI
CIRCLE NAGAR
1301 3.9940 6.2506 1.0545 5.1961 0.4945 0.0994 0.3952 1.2095 0.2230 0.9866

1302 6.0519 7.4249 1.7495 5.6754 0.6255 0.2511 0.3745 0.8978 0.0820 0.8158

1303 8.9745 11.2695 2.0291 9.2405 0.8951 0.2165 0.6787 1.1852 0.2778 0.9074

1304 4.5082 8.3185 1.1458 7.1726 0.6603 0.0349 0.6254 1.3351 0.0828 1.2523

MOTI NAGAR 6.1874 8.6196 1.5172 7.1024 0.7023 0.1486 0.5537 1.1776 0.1692 1.0084
CITY CIRCLE 6.1874 8.6196 1.5172 7.1024 0.7023 0.1486 0.5537 1.1776 0.1692 1.0084
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Thank You