5 Manual Volume 1 Civil Engineering Department Ministry of Public. WorksQatar Traffic Manual INTRODUCTION The Qatar Trattic Manual, together with its companion documents Traffic Control at Roadworks and The Highway Code, nas been produced by the Ministry of Public Works, Civil Engineering Department in consultation with the Ministry of the Interior, Trafic Police. The purpose of this Manual is to standardise design in two important areas of traffic. management, namely road signing and sign design. The standards contained herein apply to all works to be carried out on the highway and, to ensure that the desired standardisation is achieved, all such schemes must be submitted to the Ministry of Public Works, Traffic Section, for approval. ‘The two parts of the Qatar Traffic Manual which form the first volurne are:~ Part One, The Traffic Signs Manual, which describes the function and usage of directional signs; regulatory, warning and information signs and road markings. Part Two, The Traffic Design Manual, which considers sign face layout, sign construction and illumination and vehicle crash barriers. The second volume comprises a set of Working Drawings which detail the sign- face layouts for all regulatory, warning and informatory signs. Also included in the second volume is The Traffic Control at Roadworks booklet which sets down the re- quired standards for temporary warning signs and diversion signing for works being carried out on, or adjacent to, the highway. It is also published separately for use by those carrying out the roadworks. The Highway Code forms a completely separate document as its purpose, which is to define good driving practice, is different to that of the Traffic Nanual. tis based on the principles contained in the’ Manual but is presented in a non-technical format for use by the general public. In preparing the Traffic Manual, the Ministty of Public Works has adopted the Vienna Convention ‘European rules concerning road traffic signs and signals’ and United Kingdom highway design practices, as these have been in local use for a number of years. However, itis recognised that their formal adoption and subsequent {ull implementation will bring about changes in driver behaviour which, together with the continuing development of the country and future technical innovation, will lead to the progressive amendment of this Manual. Consequently, it has been published in loose-leaf form for ease of revision. Usors of the Manual who require clarification of certain points are requested 10 contact the Head of Traffic Section, Civil Engineering Department, Ministry of Public, Works, P.O. Box 38, Doha, Stale of Qatar.Qatar Traffic Manual Traffic Signs Manual __ Contents CHAPTER ONE DIRECTIONAL SIGNS CHAPTER TWO REGULATORY SIGNS CHAPTER THREE WARNING SIGNS: CHAPTER FOUR INFORMATORY SIGNS CHAPTER FIVE ROAD MARKINGS AND STUDSCHAPTER ONE — DIRECTIONAL SIGNS Contents Section The 4.4 The Highway Network 1.2 The Direction Signing System 1.3 Advance Direction Signs 1.4 Direction Signs 1.5 Route Contirmatory Signs 1.6 Signs for Special Purposes 1.7 Siting of Directional Signs Page Ne. tot 108 105 tn 1 119 175 1.001 4148 114 CHAPTER ONE — DIRECTIONAL SIGNS THE HIGHWAY NETWORK Roads within the State of Qatar each full cartain functions within the overall network. A hierarchy exists Which defines their various roles. Table 1.1 shows the status ol road types within the hierarchy and ‘shows how these compare with the three tier trafic signing system, PRIMARY ROUTES ‘These are routes of strategic signiicance whose purpose is to act as ite piincipal distribution routes between the city of Doha, the main regional centres and the national border. They are generally dual carriageway roads, built 19 high geometric standards. ‘The present system of Primary Routes is ilustrated in Fig, 11 and Fig. 1.2. ‘SECONDARY ROUTES Secondary Routes serve as area distributors by linking Primary Routes either to each other or by feeding trafic ito the Tertiary Route nework. They are generally dual carsiageway bul in rural areas ‘may be single carriageway. ‘The major Secondary Routes are also shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 1.2 TERTIARY ROUTES District distributors, local and access roads are classified as Tertiary Routes. District disiibutors are ‘urban dual carriageway roads providing high capacity routes between disiricis. Local roads link access roads to either the Secondery Route network or, in urban areas, tho cistict distributors. Both local and ‘access roads are characterstcally low design speed, single carriageway roads, ‘THE ROUTE NUMBERING SYSTEM ‘The Route numbering system is centred on the city of Doha, As shown in Fig. 12, the origin of the Primary Flute network ‘the D-Ring Road, this being designated Route No. 1. The Primary Routes Nos. | to 7 extend radially outwards from the D-Ring Road. With the exceppion of Route No. 59, linking Route No, § to the national border, all Pimary Routes have single digit numbers, Secondary and Tariary Route Numbers follow a branching system based on the Primary Route Numbers. It 2 road has been allocaled @ Route Number, that number will appear on all diction signing associated with i. For ease of identification the Route Number is displayed in a rectangle with a yellow background. Where a Route which itself is not classified leads dieclly 10 a numbered Route, the ‘number of that Route may be displayed in brackets on the Advance Direction signs and Direction signs associated with the unclassified road. This principle is ilustrated in Fig 1.3, Fig, 1.3 Brackoted Route Numbers To ensure that all new direction signing Is consistent with the overal signing policy for Qatar, the details ofall proposed direction signing must be submitted to the Ministry of Public Works for approval 1.01vopeoyisselg BujuBls uopoesig pus AamyBiH tt S1QUL -svmnqusp any au put pos Lmwud ovelbou 24 opr sero: hue mw UL) “Soro Aetat0 fepooss Napa aura 20 UES Seo) _tutesocsp fan pur suooes-ss0m peo} uRpin6 R:8UED, UVF el Uo POs oF sopuloD BoD! RB Bul) SION ‘01a ge 0, — sur puubaspoue pies ods fe) 2010: Kuen puoyeoz0110 says Aen sou sven se suoIDUN wDaCS Um Seo sanos owes Weerog woes ‘ou 24 oy ene 2 90 shu Bea see000 en sd 710 ‘unupouse Buys 9-08 — Ssecae eps) — sora huapea, — ‘s9uedo10 ao 3 $86008oHp Bun OLY eos sa20oy cereee noe Buarqusippeosy eos ese ome aurezen ——spNEP Sur pEOIUeAMUY Sona DUE Samoa fe ona varansg wre ovo sorreysig ven ‘ano Kenueses saa aurezen eo suol Suu peonomwy ROU TRUNE nouvousssy79 Nois30 sAvMaOMIVD Nouonns ‘cvowFig. 1.1 Qatar: Primary & Secondary (Rural Distributors) Present System (1987)Fig. 1.2 Doha: Primary & Secondary (Urban Distributor) Routes Present System (1987)12 124 13 THE DIRECTION SIGNING SYSTEM GENERAL DESCRIPTION {A direction signing system performs the following functions ~ 4. must give drivers advance warning oftheir approach to a junction, 2. lt should indicate the type of junction that will have o be negotiated 3, I must inform them of the destinations that may be reached from each exit 4, It should indicate the point at which they must turn to reach a destination on a route other than {that on wiich they are traveling, 5. It should identify the route and indica its status within he network ‘These functions ere fulliled by a colour-coded system of Advance Direction, Direction and Route Confirmatory signs. ‘The routes themselves are identified by the colours below Primary Routes — Green background, white text and borders Secondary Routes — Blue background, white text and borde's Tertiary Routes. © — White background, black text and borgers ‘Advance Direction Signs and Route Confirmatory Signs take the backgrouncd colour associated with the route on which they ate located. Direction signs take the colour ofthe route to which they refer. Al directional signing in Qatar is bilingual, the destinations and distances being displayed in both ‘Arabic and English. The relationships between this dual text, the varius symbols and the ways in which they apply to each sign type are described in Part Two, Chapter One, ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGNS ‘Advance Direction Signs are generally provided on all approaches 10 a junction to indicate the ‘destinations which may be reached from each exit Each type of Advance Direction Sign full a particular role. By the sign's orm and layout, a driver may {determine the type of junction he will encounter, the alternative destinations and, inthe case of grade separated interchanges, the distance to the exit ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGNS FOR INTERCHANGES: Due to the spacial nature ofthis form of junction, two Advance Direction Signs should be provided. The first, the Far Advance Direction Sign, is located 1 kilometre from the exit It should be a ground mounted sign but, where the verge width i limited, a gantry mounted sgn may be used. eee = aos FANS aos FADS nos FADS Lane Specific interchange Non Lane Specific Interchange Fig. 1.4 Advance Direction Signs for interchanges 105The second, the Advance Ditestion Sign, is tocated 600 metres from the exil. I should be gantry mounted but, at interchanges where the number of lanes on the through route remains constant, may be ground mou 1.9.1.1. FAR ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGN ojteed! opine a) Al Muntazah AURayyan Musheirib a) ps) su ikm ‘Sign 100 is used in advance of interchanges where vehicles leaving the through route reach a secondary junction (usually @ roundabout) at which they join their new route. Route numbers should be included, where appiicable, Bul the ahead dastinalion is not displayed. Tho distance shown wil normally be 1 klametre but may vary, 28 dascrited in Section 1.72 Whore circumstances dictate, it may be substituted by Signs 102 of 103, as appropriate. 1.3.2 FAR ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGN (FREE FLOW INTERCHANGE) Cyeeny (I ONES EuLe Uy t Fig. 1.5 Fros Flow Interchange 01 ‘Sign 101 a variant of sign 100 and is used in advance of a free flow interchange, e.g. a clover leaf junction as shown in Fig. 15. 10813:13 ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGN : NON LANE SPECIFIC INTERCHANGE ti omit (Rete ra Abu Samrah Jill Al Sela 102 402 108 ‘Sign 102 Is used in advance of interchanges where the number of lanes on the through roule remains ‘coneiant, as shown in Fig. .8. Tho angled arrow indicates tothe driver that to reach the exit destination the must turn off the main eariageway. Fig, 1.6 Non Lane Specific Interchange This sign displays the ahead and exit destinations with their respective route numbers, where ‘applicable, on separate sign faces. Tha distance to the exit is displayed on the accompanying Sign 108. Aayredl 5S po City Centre ee) Al Rayyan er ptitve Al Muntazah Musheirib oe 500 m 100 100 ‘At interchanges where the provision of a sign gantry would be impractical, Sign 102 may be replaced bby Sign 100 or 101, as appropriate. When aither of these signs is sed in this context on Primary anc ‘Secondary Routes, the ahead destination may be displayed alongside the route number. On Tertiary Flutes tho ahead destination must be displayed, tagather with the route number (tary) In urban areas the distance to the exit may be omited, 10713.14 13.15 ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGN : LANE SPECIFIC INTERCHANGE eer) PVE eed Fig.17 Lane Specific Interchange ‘Sign 103 is used in advance of interchanges where the number of lanes through the junction reduces, {a8 shown in Fig. 1,7. The meaning of a downward pointing arrow, which is positioned over the centre of the lane to which it applies, is that by remaining in that lane the driver may reach the displayed ‘dastination. Que ta the lane specific nature of this sign type it must NEVER be substituted by a Sign 100 or 101, DISTANCE TO EXIT SIGN ‘Sign 104 is used in advance of interchanges to Indicate the distance to the exit. When used in ‘conjunction with Sign 102 or 108 it appears as a separate sign mounted to the right af the sign displaying the exit destnation(s). When used in conjunction with Sign 100 or 101 It is incorporated within ther signface and has no border. Usually the displayed distance wll be 1 kilometre (Far Advance: Diractian Sign) or 500 metres (Advance Direction Sign). However, i site conditions prevent a sign being located close to its etandard position, the actual distance should ba measured (s80 Section 1.7.2) and rounded down to the next whole number of hundreds of metres. This latter figure is then displayed. 108432 ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGNS FOR AT-GRADE JUNCTIONS ‘Av-grade junctions require only one Advance Direction Sign to be povided on each approach. This ‘sign will bs of the ‘Stack’ or ‘Map’ type depending on the configuration of the junction. Each sign displays the destination(s) that may be reached from each exit, together with the roule umber where applicable, As these Advance Direction Signs are located at. @ maximum ol 225.metres, from the junetion (see Section 1.72). the distance is not displayed. 1.321 STACK TYPE SIGN fae oe eh! ETC MN Eta Le Al Sela = Aiuhee al esis! Umm Cine Al Muntazah Al Mansoura Najma ‘Sign 106 is used in advance ot simple priority or signal contrallad junctions. The arraws indicate the directions that must be taken to reach the various destinations. The leftard right direction arrows are Usually horizontal but may be inclined at 45 dagrees to indicate a free ow manoeuvre at the junction, as shown in Fig. 18. A { Zz Fig. 1.8 Free Flow Right Turn 1081322 MAP TYPE SIGN ‘A map type Advance Direction Sign is used in advance of an at-grade roundabout or complex priority junction. The map symbol Is an idealised plan of the junction and shows the exits in, as near as possible, the correct erientation with respect to the epproach on which the sign is situated Peat) Pre apeme Ge Bin Mahmoud 108 108 Sign 106 is used in advance of roundabout junctions. elu! ae NESEY Eee ua Pros} Fern) Proe) 107 ‘Sign 107 ie used in advance of any prioiy junction whare tha crivers route to his chosen exit is not immediately apparent. The men symbol illustrates to the driver the configuration of the junction with respect to his approach, as demonstrated by the example shown above, 11014 DIRECTION SIGNS Direction signs should be provided at a junction to show the destination) tat may be reached tram teach ext, topeher with route number where applicable, 1441 DIRECTION SIGNS FOR INTERCHANGES 1414 NON LANE SPECIFIC INTERCHANGES ® tains REPO Abu Samrah plenty da Nathil 02 102 ‘ign 102s used al interchanges where the numberof lanes onthe through toute remains constant. At inorchanges whore iis impractical o povde a gant, hose signe may De suDstted by a Sign 108, which wil splay the desinatons) end route number, ery, or Oe ext only. 1412 LANE SPECIFIC INTERCHANGE rye ey a peer e)| er ee et) 103 103 ‘Sign 108 Is used at interchanges where the number of lanes ofthe through route decreases. Due to the lane specific nature of the interchange, these signs may NEVER be substituted by Sign 108,142 DIRECTION SIGN FOR AT-GRADE JUNCTIONS 1.42.1 FLAG TYPE SIGN Pret NRC ie) ‘Sign 108 is provided at each exit fom an at-grade junction, respective of type. 1.8 ROUTE CONFIRMATORY SIGN POS 2 re eee or ant elu! Sauda Nathil 45 km Al Sela 160 km Sigh 109 is used on Primary and Secondary Rautss and on the exits ftom zill major junetions on these Routes. It should display the same destination(s) for its Route as shawry on the previous Advanoe Direction Sign and the associated distance(s) should be quoted to the nearest Kilometre. FRoule Confirmatory Signs may also be provided along a Route, in which case thay shauld be located ‘80 thet they are spacad no more than 10 kilometres apart. 10216 SIGNS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 481 MILITARY sions Army Camp > Army Camp 105m 108M ‘Signs 105M and 100M are used to direct driver to military instalation. Their format and use is the same as fr Signs 10S and 108, but thei fed Borders and arrows ate peculiar to miliary installations The signs may include the name ofthe installation. 162 1058 +00R Signs 105A anc 108A are used 10 direct drivers to recreational aeas such as 2008, museums historical buildings, monuments, ete The green text and border indicat that these signs are not part of the main direction signing system. In respect ol format, use and positioning the conditions of ‘paragraph 1.6.1 apply. 1.63 TEMPORARY DIRECTIONAL SIGNS 105T 1087 ‘Signs 1057 and 1087 are used as deerned necessary lor major diversions. The black text is displayed (on é yellow background, in commen with tha standard diversion signing illustrated in Secon 3.14 1191.64 SITING OF SIGNS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES Those signs must meet the same sting fequremens as thas for he slandard drecional signs (ee Goolon 17) Wheve te woul rutin anda and spec! purpose es occupying Ihe sare Ste, both sige shovla be mounted on the same posts, ws shown in Fig. 1 ee Al Rayyan eal PY Te) Perry) Dye 4.88 ROUTE REFERENCE MARKER Retlecior Plastic Demarcation \ RouteNo. = ¥ a ) — Direction (Aor) —= | et ve <— Kilometre Point —» 10 Reference Marker 110 Fig. 1.10 This sign is to be provided on all numbered Routes to form the Route Referencing System. The information contained on the sign i intencied for use by tho Ministry of Public Works and the Trafic Police for their various purposas and therelore the sign should be installed in such a fashion so as nt to distract other drivers Its to be mounted on demarcation posis as shown on Fig. 1.10.1.7 SITING OF DIRECTIONAL SIGNS 474 GENERAL This section considers those aspects of design that may be described as ‘site dependent’ = Siting of signs in relation tothe junction — Minimum Clear Visibility Distance — the distance over whicn @ driver's view of the sign is unobstructed. Before any of the above may be determined, an assessment must be made of the 85th percentile vehicle speed in advance of the position where a sign is required. The actual position at which this value is assessed will depand on the physical characteristics of the site, e.g. horizontal and vertical alignment, frequency of minor junctions, ete, but generally should be between 200 and 400 metres in ‘advance oF the liksly sign position. 1.72 ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGNS 4.7.24 JUNCTION REFERENCE POINT ‘The distance in advance of a junction at which an Advance Direction Sign should be sited is measured from a junction reference point’. This relerence point is defined as follows: {i Interchange = the point at which the carriageway widers to form the exit road (Fig. 1.11. Junction Reference Point Fig. 1.11 Locations of Junction Reference Point for interchanges (i) At grade junctions = the STOP or Give Way line, or — the point at which the carriageway first widens to develop adciitional turning tenes or slip roads (Fig. 1.12). tS Se Junction Reference __ . Point pee ele ge Fig. 4.12 Locations of Junction Reference Point for At-Grase Junctions 1.181.722 ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGNS FOR INTERCHANGES ‘The standard distances at which the Far Advance Direction Sign and the Advance Direction Sign would be sited are shown in Fig. 113. 1k, 7 00 08 FAO Fig. 1.13 Locations of Advance Direction Signs for interchanges \Whnere site conditions are such that a sign cannot be positioned at its standard distance, it should be relocated further from the junction reference point. Where this is not possible, due to the proximity of junctions, the sign should be located as close to its standard position as practicable, The way in which the distance to the exit should be displayed under these circumstances is described in Section 1.3.15. ‘The Minimum Clear Visiolity Distance requirement is given in Table 12 1.7.23 ADVANCE DIRECTION SIGNS FOR AT-GRADE JUNCTIONS ‘The distance in advance ofthe junction reference point at which the Advance Direction Sign should be sited i related to the 85th percentile speed of vehicies on that approach 'ADVANCEDIRECTION SIGNS | DRECTIONSIGNS | ROUTE CONFIRMATORY SIGNS sm percantia | ieirwm | Distance trom Minin Cone irimurm ciear ‘speed ‘ear | Retornce Point “stay Viiby vatty ‘tote Distenes Dist on Dlatenes 04s 5 6 0 ” 4500 10 100 * 1s ono rs 100-160 10 100 over 80 10 sso 225 ws 15 ‘Table 1.2 Visibility and Siting Distances for Post Mounted Signs ote +: Sander cbsttions such ax tale signal poles an lamp columns may be ignore, ‘ote 2: Tis column is aot aplesble to Advance Orection Sigs for ntercarpas. 1.73 DIRECTION SIGNS Ditection signs are located at the junction itself. The actual siting of such a sign is a matter for individual judgement, butt must be borne in mind that it should be sted so thet: (0 is visible to divers both during their approach and whilst making any necessary turning movernent (Table 1 2), (it there is ne confusion as to which exit the sign refers. Wherever possible the signs should be sited immediately beyond the point at which the turning manoeuvre must be made as ilustrated in Figs. 1.14 10 1.18, 116Preterres ® ——-—-—|----- alternative Permitted alternative —® —— ——— where cround mounted FADS and ADS are used ‘Non Lane Specific interchange Santry loca where No steric Fig. 1.15 Location of Direction Sign Non Lane Speciilc Free Fiow Interchange -@®-—---- ————— Fig. 1.16 Location of Direction Signe at a Lane Specific Interchange wr= _ Fig. 1.17 Location of Direction Signs at a Roundabout Fig. 1.18 Location of Direction Signs at a T-junction ROUTE CONFIRMATORY SIGNS ‘These signs should be sited approximately 200 metres beyond the last point at which a vehicle could join the main carriageway alter negotiating the junction, eg, the end of an acceleration lane. ‘They may also be provided between junctions on major routes, Such that their spacing is not greater than 10 kilometres. 118CHAPTER TWO — REGULATORY SIGNS: Contents Section Tile 24° General 22 Mandatory Signs 23° Prohibitory Signs 24 Police and Customs Signs 25 Distance Plate Page No. 201 202 208 2u 21 20024 aaa 242 213 214 248 CHAPTER TWO — REGULATORY SIGNS. GENERAL Regulatory signs are the means by which the Tralfic Laws ate put inlo effect. Consequently those drivers who disobey the signs are breaking the Law. Signs in this category fall into the following classifications: Mendatory Signs — which give instructions to drivors as to what they must do. The STOP and Give Way signs are examples which, because of their significance, are gven special symbolic shapes to highlight their presence. Other mandatory signs, such as the Keep Fight sign, are circular with white symbols on a blue background. Prohibitery Signs — which give instructions to drivers as to what they rmust not do. The signs are ‘oircular with a red border and generally have a red diagonal bar. The message of certain regulatory signs must be ampliied by the addiion of a supplementary plate. ‘The size of text to be used on the plate is given in Table 2.1 ‘The majority of regulatory signs are available in four sizes, the size and required visibiliy distance being dependant on the 85th gercentile speed of trafic using the road cn which they are located. The required dimensions ara laid cawn in Table 2.1 Regulatory signs are positioned at the point at which the instruction oF restriction applies, ‘sth Height of Minimum ‘Supplementary percentile Triangular Clear Plate Text speed or Circular Visibility Distance Aloph-height (Note 3) (c helght) kph metres mm 0-45 60 5 45-60 (60) 60-80 75 130 (75) Over 80 1200 100 170 100) Note 1: The STOP and Give Way signs wal be ore ane larger han shown here. (A 18mm size sign must be {sta wen te 85th percent speed isn excess cf 60 koh) Note 2: Alghheight and x height are defined in Pat Two, Chaper One. Note 3: Sender obstructions such as Wafe slgna poles and amp colurns may beret Table 2.1 Sizing and siting of Regulatory Signs 20122 MANDATORY SIGNS 221 THE STOP SIGN Sign 200 requires that all vehicles stop at the transverse road Marking 500. No vehicle may then enter the major road if the manoeuvre would cause ‘major road trafic to alier its speed or direction to ‘avoid a calision, STOP signs should only be installed al junctions where the visibility criteria, spactied in Table 22, cannot be met. They should be positioned bewaen 't and 3 metres in advance of the road marking 500, as shown in Fig. 22 Fig 2.1 Vielbility Splaye peel (ile : “ : 045 50 50 on : ‘3 ow = wo ows we ‘Table 2.2 Visibility diatances below which STOP signs must be provided Fig. 22 Siting of STOP and Give Way Signs 202Where the minor road is @ one-way sireet with two or more lanos or a two-way sirost with a central island at the juretion, an aditional STOP sign should be positioned on the offside footway or central island, as appropriate, 222 ROADWORKS 201 ‘Signs 201 and 202 are manually operated temporary signs used to control trafic at road works whsco carriageway width has been reduced sufficiently that ‘only altemate one-way shuttle’) movement of trafic is possible. The signs are mounted back-io-back and indicate to trafic when it may or may not proceed through the area under control ‘The 760mm size of sign is the minimum size used. ‘THE GIVE WAY SIGN Sign 203 requires that divers give way to other vehicles at the junction ahead. tis used at () priority junctions where visibiliy distances are ‘equal to oF greater than those spectied in Table 2.1. It is then accompanied by road Markings ‘501 and 503 (i) roundabouts, in which case road markings 502 and 503 are tsed The sign is sited betwaen 1 and 3 metres in advance Of tho road marking arid an addtional sign should bo provided on the central median or tralfic island, where ther of these 1s present, or on the affside footway ‘where the minor road is @ one-way street. 224 MINI ROUNDABOUT SIGN Sign 204 is used ta supplement Sign 203 at mini roundabouts. 208225 TURN RIGHT (LEFT) ‘Sign 208 is used at junctions where all trae must turn ‘ight. The symbol may be reversed. Plates 206 o- 207 may be used to supplement Sign 205 whore traffic must tum right on joining a dual carriageway or one-way street respectively. 208 226 SIDE ROAD ‘Sign 208 is used on the nose of trafic isiands within junctions where tralia may proceed ahead oF to the right only. The symbol may be reversed. 208 227 ROAD DIVERGES: ‘Sign 209 is used at roundabouts on the median strip Or trafic ieland ai each exit in the position shown in Fig. 23 to indicate the point of divergence between the circulatory cariageway and ext ‘atv 1 oumsebout (Gee seas) O = Fig. 28 Siting of Sign 209 Where a Direction Sign 108 is provided location, Sign 209 need not be used. 208228 TURNAIGHT (LEFT) AHEAD ‘Sign 210 is used on approach to a junction at which all traffic will be required to tur right. it will normally nly be provided where the alignment of the approach |g such that the layout of the junction is nat readily ‘apparent. The sign should be located approximately 50 metas in advance of the junction, but this may be ‘reduced il another junction octurs within that length. ‘The symbol may be reversed. 229 KEEP RIGHT (LEFT) ‘Sign 211 Is used t0 indicate an obstruction in the cariageway that requiras the motorist to pass to the fight. t should be positioned as near a8 possible to the leading edge of the obstruction. ‘Typically, this applies to trafic islands or refuges on two-way roads or the beginning of the median stip where @ single carriageway widens to become dual cartiageway. The symbol may be reversed. at 2210 PASS EITHER SIDE ‘Sign 212 is used to indicate an obstruction, such as a trafic island in 2 one-way street, where the same 7 NO STOPPING (CLEARWAY) Asie! Egine Lyoded No Stopping ‘Sign 248 prohibits the sounding of horns. ‘Sign 248, together wilh supplementary Plate 247, is used at locations whore the parking of vehicles is prohibited. These signs mus! be provided at the end points of the restriction, with Plate: 247 displaying & single arrow to indicate the direction in which the restriction applies. Where the resiticion extends fora distance greater than 60 metres, the signs must be repested at Intervals of tot more then 25 metres. On th inlormediate signs, Plate 247 must include @ double arrow. Where parking is prohibited only during certain hours ‘of the day, the time that the restrictor is in force is displayed on Plato 247 and the signs are used in conjunction with road marking 628. Where parking Is prohibited at all times, plate 247 displays _ ‘No Parking’ only .and the signs are used. in conjunction with road marking 527. ‘The text on Plate 247 has an aleph-height of 65mm (echeight 37:5), ‘These signs are mounted parallel to the kerb. Sign 248 prohibits drivers stopping their vehicles, luniass In an emergency or directed by the Trafic Police, tis provided al the commencement of the Clearway. whore itis supplemented by Plate 249, and repeated al intervals not greater than 700 metres until the termination of the Ciearway, where its supplemented by Plate $46 (End). The repeater signs are simalier than the prime signs, as detailed in Table 23. ‘These signs are installed on both sides of the ‘carageway. 2132.4 POLICE AND CUSTOMS SIGNS 241 POLICE Sign 250 may be used by a Tralfic Police Officer to indicate that temporary restrictions are in operation over a short length of carriageway, eg. at the scene of Rep ‘an accident, lucas The permitted logends are: Police — accident =a Police — slow Police — ire They may be used in conjunction with the temporary warning Sign 338. 242 POLICE VEHICLES. Police Vehic Sign 251 reslicts access at particular locations to police vehicles only. It may be used in both permanent and temporary situations. 251 243 customs Sign 252 is used at Customs Houses or bordae stations to indicate that ali drivers must stop and report to the appropriate oficial 282 25 DISTANCE PLATE Sign 253 may be used to supplemect the prohititoy signs described in Section 2:3 where no other method can be found to provide an advance warning ofthe prohibiton or resrcton. lt should be noted that such 0 8 warning le usally provided by 500m ()_ use of the spproprats angular warning sign (Chapter Troe}, or 259 (i) incorporating the prohibition sign on. the directional signing, to show the route on which the prohibition axists ‘This sign may also be used to Supplement certain ‘warning signs (Chapter Three) and is used in advance of roadworks (see ‘Trafic Control at. Roadworks’ published by the Ministry of Public Works) 214CHAPTER THREE — WARNING SIGNS: Contents Section Title Page No. 3 General 3.01 32 Priority Junctions 3.02 33 Roundabouts 9.08 34 Merging Trattic 3.08 35 Bends in the Road 3.04 36 Road Nerrows 3.08 37 End of Dual Carriageway 3.07 38 End of One-Way Working 3.07 39 Trattic Signal Operation 308 3.10 Pedestrians and Children 3.08 3.41 Animal 3.09 312 Other Hazards 3.09 3.13 Temporary Warning Signs 12 3.14 Warning Signs at Roadworks = 3.19. ‘Appendix A ‘Supplementary Plate Messages 9.16 3.0034 aaa CHAPTER THREE — WARNING SIGNS GENERAL ‘Warning signs are used to alert drivers to potential hazards on the road ahead, Most of these signs are triangular having a red border surrounding a black symbol on a white background. The symbols give a pictorial indication ofthe ikely hazard. In cerain cases supplementary plales may be added to provide xtra information ‘The signs are available In tve sizes. The appropriate size, Siting Distance and Minimum Clear Visibilly Distance together with tho required size of text forthe supplementary plates are specified in Table 3.1 sth Height Distance Minimum | Supplementary Percen- of of Sign Cl Plate. ‘tle Warning ‘rom Visibility Toxt Speed Triangle Hazard (ote 2} Aleph-height (chelght) kph mm m m mm 0-45 600 40-60 6 2s (60) 45-60 750 50-100 6 85 (600) (80) 60-80 200 100 - 200 75 130 (750) (75) over 60 (1500) 200-300 100 170 1200 (100) (£00) Note: Alph-heght and height are defo in Part Two, Chapter On. Note 2: Slender objects such etree sana ple and amp columns may be tgnore, ‘Table 9.1 Werning Signe, Sizes, Siting and Visibility Distances ‘The smaller alternative sizes shown in brackets should only be used where amenity considerations oF physical restrictions apply. Reference must be made to the Ministry of Public Works prior to the Specification of a 1500mm sign, as its use implies that certain other measures, #39. to reduce vehicle speed, may be required. gor3.2 PRIORITY JUNCTIONS 321 CONTROL AHEAD Ge led ql (ie GIVE WAY 50m 822 SIDE ROAD(S) AHEAD A A AA Sign 300 is used to wan of @ lunetion ahead controlled wither by Sign 200 (STOP) or Sign 203 (Give Way), It may only be used in conjunction with supplementary Plate 801 or 302. ‘Signs $03 to 807 warn drivers on a major road of a junction ahead and indicate both the layout of the Junction and the priority route through it Tha signe appear only on the priority routs (indicated by the wider route symbol) id may only be provided when all of the folowing conditions apply (There are no map type Advanco Direction Signs (@) The juneton is not controled by trafic signals (di) Thare are no STOP or Give Way signs and/or carriageway markings on the oriority route. ()Carriageway markings cannot adequately ‘convey the information to the driver. Signs $04, 305 and 307 may have thair symbols reversed where necessary. ‘Sign 305 may only be used where the distance ‘between the junction i less than that givert in Table 3.2, Otherwise two Signs 304 should be used. Sign 306 is used to warn of the exit from @ Ustum on roads where the 8th poreentle speed is greaier than 60 kexh. In urban ares, it may be used to warn of the ‘xt from 2 one-way street 302eee REDUCE SPEED Where the distance between two suceassive junctions is such thatthe siting requirement of Table 3.1 cannot be mat, the sign warning of the second junction should be intalled immediataly beyond the first, so thatthe Misimum Clear Vistbifly Distance Is achieved. Whore a junction warning has to 68 placed further in advance of the junction than recommended, it may be ‘supplemented by Plate 253 (Disianc. 5th Distance Percentile between Speed junctions kph metres 0-45 @ 45-60 100 60-80 200 Over 80 300 Table 3.2 Junction spacing requirement for Sign 305 Sign 308 may be used as a supplementary plate to junction warning signs on high speed roads, as directed by the Ministry of Public Works. @ 2s rounpasours ‘Sign 309 is used together with countdown marker Plates 414 to 416, (refor to Saction 42.11) to wam drivers of theie approach to & roundabout. Tho signe are located on both sides ofthe carriageway at 200m, om and 100m in advance of road Marking $02 (Give Way), 30334 MERGING TRAFFIC 310 an Signs 310 and 311 are used in advance of junctions where two steams cf trafic, travelling in the same direction and of equal priority, merge, 89. at @ slip road joining a main carriageway. They may NOT be ‘used where one oi the joining streams has priority ‘over the over. Sign 310 is located on the road joining from the let. ‘Sign 811 is located on the road joining from the right. Bolh signs ae provided on each side of the carriageway. 38 BENDS IN THE ROAD 381 SINGLE BEND Sign 812 is usod to give advanos warning of a severe ‘bend. Where the bend Is to the right, the symbo! Is reversed. It is not possibie to define exactly the conditions under which this sign should be used, as the degree of hazard that a bend presents depends on a number of vatiables. However, on dual carriageway roads where the 35th percentile speed exceeds 80 kph, ‘Sign 312 should be provided in advance of any bend of radius less than 400 metres. The sign should be Installed on both sides of tne carriageway. Elsewhere each site must be individually assessed — in terms of bend radius, approach spead. visiily carriageway superelovation and surface skid ragistanca — and the sign provided only where itis concluded that the diver would find difficulty in egatiating the bend without significantly reducing his speed. 35.2 DOUBLE BEND 313 ‘Sign 319 should be used whare two or more bends of similar severity follow in close succession, te. within the dietance shown in Table 33. The direction of the bend symbol is reversed when the first bend is to tho fight. 85th Distance Percentile x ‘Speed (see Fig. 3.2) koh metres Below 80 200 ‘Over 80 300 Table 3.3 Double Bend Spacing Distances 308Bend 2 Bend 1 Fig. 3:1 Distance between Double Bonds Supplementary Plate 940 (Extent of Hazard) should be Used if @ series of bends ecours such that it 15 not possible to provide signs at the distances given in ‘Table 31. [tig not then necassary to individually sign ‘each bend, 353 CHEVRON SIGN Sign 814 is used in the following situations: () at & sharp bend in the road where Sign 312 ‘would not adequately corvey to the motorist tho severity of the bend. In this casa Signis) 314 ‘should be positioned as shown in Fig. 32, with the centre line ofthe sign aligned withthe centre line of the lane or carriageway of the oncoming trac. Itthe angle of the bend exceeds 90°, more than one sign may be used. (i) a roundabouts Sign 314 should be mounted on ‘the central island opposite each approach as shown in Fig. 3.3, Wa roundabout apoproach has 3 or more lanes the sign width should be increased to Incorporate 4 (or mors) chevron. The permissible sign sizes are dotaied in Table a4. 86th | Height | Minimum | Module Percentile | of | Length | Extension Speed ‘Sign Below80 | 400 | 1200 oo Overso | 800 | 2400 1200 ‘Table 34 Permissible Chevron Sizes 3.05Fig. 32 38 ROAD NARROWS AN Ad a5 316 SE | Fig, 33 Signs 318 and 316 are used to warn of reduction in carriageway width where the taper ts more severe than the valugs given in Table 38. Sign 315 la used here the reduction oceurs on the alfsie or, when the ‘symbol is reversed, the nearside. Sign 316 Is used where the reduction occurs on both sides. ‘They may be supplomentad by Sign 386 (Single Fila Trafic, typically at roadworks. Speed limit Taper kph 0-45 1in 40 4-60 1ins0 60-80 1in 75 Over 80 Vin 110 ‘Table 3.5 End of Dual Carrlageway Teper 3083.7 _ END OF DUAL CARRIAGEWAY Signs 317 and 318 ae used to wam of the ‘approaching transition rom dual carriageway to single carriageway, two-way operation. The sting of these signs relative to the end of the dual carriageway is shown in Fig. 34, 37 318 Aa A Additonal Sign 40.300m, sequired if 85th [7 see taste 31 serceniile speed "is over 60 kph ‘Sign 317 at end Repeater sign at Perr ‘end of taper ‘or marking Fig. 9.4 End of Dual Carriageway 3.8 END OF ONE-WAY WORKING ‘Sign $19 should be used on a one-way carriageway to warn of the approach to a T-junction, with two-way afc on tha major road 19, 3073.9 TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATION 3.9.1 TRAFFIC SIGNALS AHEAD Sign 320 shculd be used to wart drivers of their ‘approach to any trafic. signal control whether Dermanent or temporary, when: cithor () the installation is remote from similar installations or (i) the clear visbiity distance to the primary signal ahead is less than 60 metres. (On high speed rads @ repeater sign should be 320 supplemented by Plate 253 (Distance). This is normally loeated at Iwice the recommended distance from the junction (868 Table 2.1), 392 TRAFFIC SIGNALS NON-OPERATIONAL ‘Sign 321 is used to warn drivers thatthe traffic signals, thay are approaching are temporarily out of sonvico, ‘The sign must be removed as soon as the signals, ‘become fully operational 32 3.10 PEDESTRIANS AND CHILDREN 2.10.1 PEDESTRIAN CROSSING ‘Sign 322 should bo used to warn of the presence of an uncontrolled pedestrian crossing facily end ‘should be erected on both sides of tne carriagoway ‘on the approaches to the crossing, (On raads where the 85th persentile speed is less than 45 koh, it should only be used where visibility ofthe crossing is impaired 3083.102 CHILDREN he lite U aabe School Playground att ANIMALS ‘Sign 323, used in conjunction with supplementary Plates 324 or 825, warns drivers of the proximity of @ ‘school of playground and should be erected on both sides of the carriageway on the approaches to the hazard. Sign 326 should be used at locations whera It Is possible that animals may bo present on the road, The symbol may be changet! 10 show a shesp oF goat ‘a8 appropriate. 3.12 saz OTHER HAZARDS SLIPPERY SURFACE Ay sar Slippery road 8 Sign 327, together with supplementary Plate $28, should be used where there: is a greater risk of ‘skidding than normal. It is intended that this. sign should be used as @ short-term measure and only ‘until remedial treatment has bean completed. 3093122 DRIFTING SAND A 3423 LOW FLYING AIRCRAFT AN sat ‘Sign 328, together with supplementary Plate 330, should be used t0 warn drivers of the possibilty of rifting sand on the cariageway. Sign 331 may be used on roads where low tying aircraft or sudden aircrat noise may distract rivers @ siz nono umes tude cholo! s ‘Speed humps Sign 832 is used to warn of a single road hump or ‘sare of road humps installed on tha road to act 2s a ‘speed control device. t should be supplemented by late 393 at the baginning of a residential area or road having eoveral road humps. Plate 384 may be used to supplement Sign 992 to indicate the recammended maximum speed at wiricn drivers should negotiate the humpje). 310312.5 UNEVEN SURFACE sign 886, together with supplemariary Plate $36,‘ Sean SD war divers of a potential hazard due 12 uae owayeurace regulates whieh right IMO 235 car aemearol Ths sign should be removed 85 s00r we yemadial action has bon ten. att Gerke eee Uneven surface Jie sign must NOT be used instead of Sign S82- 3128 MAXIMUM HEIGHT sign 297 is used to indicate the maximum Heinht of sre that may pass undemeath a struciure “panning the cariagsway, where tn clarence Of setrure ig less than B.S metres. The sign 's located aavanve ofthe structure, as specifi in Table &.1, Pat wer aloo bo mounted on the tructure tel Fednasisa the warring. Te figure quoted on he SiO errerip a least 00mm Tess than the measured mum clearance, to allow @ margin for driver exro% ri ghouls be expresgad 10 the nex! lowest mutple af t00%nm. Wherever possible an atérnaive route for vonicles MNovoding the stated height should be indicated in e fevance of the junetion pier ta the structure peste eee 927 OVERHEAD CABLES sign 398, togaiher with supplementary Plate S20 fe Stan te warn of a overhead extticity SUDPIY cable "SS" apectiee tha maximum height of vec that Ty ately ass underneath. tis important that warn Pe Sen, particularly of High vonage cables, ven Yee Se lght of ta oable enables high vehicles © PSSS. ‘To tuther emphasise the waming, height gauges MSY te inslalled on the approaches to the eable crossing 338 paint. anadil Li 3! eo Maximum height 5m pS Failing Plate 340 may be used to supplement 3 warning sign ‘where the hazard to which any of the foregoing signs For 2 km refers extends over a distance rather than being e confined to one logation. 340 3.129 PAVED ROAD ENDS eae Sign 341 is used to wam motorists that they are approaching the end of paved carriageway. on 3.13 TEMPORARY WARNING SIGNS 3.19.1 HAZARD WARNINGS ‘Sign 942 is intended for use in situations where a symbolic sign would not be epproptiate. I i usually supplemented by Plate 343. aneamtne Jel] ae Surveying Plate 343 givas a written waming of the nature of 2 azard. “The permitad legends are: Consus Flood Road Ende ‘Suneying smoke 3.132 HIGHWAY CHANGES Sign 344 should be used to wam motorists of ‘changes thal have taken piace at locations with which they are familar. The requirements for size of lettering, siting, visibilty etc, are as those set out in Table 3.1 for triangular warning signs. The sign is intended for shorttorm use and should remain in position for st east three months (so that @ reasonable number of occasional, as well as habitual Users of the route are macle aware of the change) but not longer than six months. jew Road Layout ERE ‘The permitted legends are New load Layout Ahead a Now Junction Ahead New Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Now Trafic Signals Ahead New Roundabout Ahead No Loft Tun Ahead No Right Tum Ahead No U-turn Ahead 3.14 WARNING SIGNS AT ROADWORKS ‘though the use of warning signs at roadworks is discussed in @ separate volume, ‘Tratic Control at Roadworks’ itis appropriate that the parmitted signs (Signs 245-950) bs dotinad hero. Generally delzied descriptions are nol provided ax the symbols and/or worded messages aro self explanatory, Further signs included in “Traffic Control at Roadworks" but not included here are to be found in ‘Chapter Two — Regulatory Signs. 3194s 349 Road Works Hard shoulder to be used as trafic lane tale End = End of Roadworks or Restriction. 350 Vehicles on hard shoulder to rejoin main AM pa a7 Reduction in number of traffic lanes. Sign face varias to stow actual layout 35 Diversion of traffic to opposite carriageway 348 Chevron board 352 ‘Start of diversion Direction of arrow varies amIntermediate direction sign on diversion route 384 Diversion direction sign Single File Traffic ‘Single fle trate pest site of roadworks 357 Warning of loose chippings on road surface Direct =i) Permitted legends ere: “Tale Control Ahead On Red Stop Hate oad Ahead Closed Road Closed No Conetnuction Trafic Construction Traffic Only Werks Access ‘Temporary Surtace 316APPENDIX A ‘SUPPLEMENTARY PLATE MESSAGES ENGLISH/ARABIC TYPE 343 Flood Census Road Ends ‘Surveying ‘Smoke TYPE S44 New Road Layout Ahead New Junction Ahead New Pedestrian Crossing Anead New Traffic Signals Ahead New Roundabout Ahead No Left Tum Ahead No Right Turn Ahead No U-Turn Ahead ‘TYPE 359 (On Red Stop Here Road Ahead Closed Road Closed No Construction Traffic Construction Traffic Only Works Access Temporary Surface Vga Hitt) LILY! le gill clattaas Sajal dy ast verges lags ele! Sebll es Uyeesth Laline Jee! ret eg Cobb ae eds abt eas ght abt BLbal poe ye aaa apse Liga SL cal See lye bbl shel pat alasl gee coal gab alasl gine bapa gains roses SE Ga yaa TT eget ae tha Gash aa Be Sash SLA CASAS aye sue Mi ALY OLS all ye Gobll ue! gGlyL Jue She tees 3.16CHAPTER FOUR — INFORMATORY SIGNS Contents Section Title 41° General 42 Information to Drivers 43 Information to Pedestrians Appendix A Sizes of Informatory Signs Page No. 401 402 4.06 408 400at aaa 4a2 443 CHAPTER FOUR — INFORMATORY SIGNS GENERAL ‘The signs illusttated in this Chapter give information to the road user regarding his location or facies available inthe vicinity, Unlike those spectied in Chapters Two and Three, thay have no regulatory or warning effect ‘Signs which give information to drivers display symbols and/or text and vary in size according fo the 5th percentile vehicle speed. Symbol signs are generally available in either two or three sizes (see ‘Appendix A) and the appropriate size for each speed band is given in Table 4.1, together with character sizes for the text signs. When siting these signs, care must be taken to ensure that the Minimum Clear Visibilty Distance is achieved 85th ‘Symbol Signs at bans: Minimum Clear Percentile ‘avallablo Visibility ‘speed in charter eight Distance ‘Aloph-helght (mm) m kph 2etzes | seize: rein ni (nowy 0-60 Small Smal a 60 (0) 60-80 Large | Medium 130 8 (75) overso | Large Large 170 100 (100) ‘etnesn Part Two Chapter One rate signal poles and lan columns may be ignored Note 1: Alaph-ight an »-eig Note 2: Slender obstructions such ‘Table 4.1 Sign Sizes and Visibility Distances Signs which give information to pedestrians aro each available in one size only (see Appendix A).42 e” INFORMATION TO DRIVERS TOWN OR AREA NAME ‘Sign 400 indicates to drivers the riams of the town or area that they are entering. The sign should be Glee OF erected at he start of the bull-up arva rather than the Bin Omran Q {geographic boundary. ‘Sign 401 indicates to drivers that they are leaving the particular town or area, 400 401 ‘Sign 402 is positioned on the median stip in advanos ‘of the entrance to a U-turn. The required sting distances are given in Table 42. sth Siting Percentile distance speed ptr (metres) 0-80 30 «0-80 45 402 Over 80 0 ‘Table 4.2 Siting Distance for U-turn Sign These distances should be measured trom the ‘beginning of the deceleration lane. ifnone is provided then 100m should be adcied to the siting distance. NO THROUGH ROAD ‘Sign 408 is placed at the entry to any road whete rio through way for motor vehicle axists. It should bo erected on both sides of the carriageway. 402424 425 LANE DISCIPLINE TP 404 PARKING Sign 404 is used in urban areas In advance of a junction to indicate which lanes ara available for articular trafic movements. The number of lanes ‘shown on the Sign should correspond with the lanes ‘marked on the carriageway at the point where the sign |g locate Sign 405 is used to indicate a parking placa tor Vehicles, whether it be on-strast parking bays of off streot parking places. The plate may be exterded 1 Include the distance or direction arrow belaw the text. Alternatively the symbol may be incorporated in direetional signing, as shown in Fig. 4.1 P lyhus cadge BM Carpark Fig. 4.1 Car Park Direction Signing 426 427 HOSPITAL POLICE STATION Sign 408 is used to advise drivers that they are ‘approaching @ hospital or clinic. The plate may be ‘extended to include the distance oF a direction arrow fr the aymbal incorporated in directional signing in a similar fashion to Sign 405. Sign 407 is usid to indicate the location of a police station or police post. The distance or a direction arrow may be included below the lex. 403428 WEIGHBRIDGE EELS Glee Lele! Merucueee) EMERGENCY TELEPHONE Sign 408 is used io indicate to drivers of heavy goods vehicles the location of a weighbridge station. The distance or a direction arrow may be included below tho text ‘Sign 409 is used on Primary and Secondary Routes to Indicste the direction te the nearest emergency telephone, where such a system is provided. The plate, which may also display the distance below the text, should be mounted parallel to the carriageway. 4210 PRIVATE ACCESS SIGNS 410 an to ST ana ‘Signs 410 to 419 may bo used to indicate the entry to ‘and exit rom private premises where there are Iwo or moro aceassos to the main highway. Thay are normally erected in pairs with Signs 410 and 411 back-to-back and Signe 412 end 413 back-to-back. 4044211 COUNTDOWN MARKERS a4 a5 a6 Countdown Markers 414 to 416 are mounted below Sign 209 to war divers of their approach to a roundaboul. The signs are located on both the nearside and oftside of the cariageway at 300m, 200m and 1cOm in advance of road Marking 502 (Give Way) When positioned on the. right hand side of the carriageway the slope of the stripes is as illustrated. ‘When positioned on the left hand side, the slope is, reversed. ‘The colour of the signs must reflect the status of the road on which they are Iocalad, le., green background with white stripes and border for Primary Routes, blue background with while stripes and border for Secondary Routes and white background with black stripes and border eisewhere, ‘These signs may also be used at grade-separated Junetions, an the neerside verge of the main cariageway, to countdown the distance to an off-amp Cr slip road exit. They ars located at 300m, 200m and 160m in advarnce of the point at which the deceleration lane commences, 4212 SERVICES Signs 417 to 427 inclusive aro used fo indicate the presence of the servicss symbolised on the signs They may display the distance to the factity or an ‘arrow showing the direction in which the facility les, ‘95 llustrated by signs 417 and 418. 405423 oy Public Telephone Petrol Filling Station 425 426 ar Breakdown Information Mosque Service office 43 asa INFORMATION TO PEDESTRIANS PEDESTRIAN CROSSING ‘Sign 428 is used to inform pedestrians of the location fan uncontrolled pedestrian erossing Itis NOT used. whore the crossing is controled by trafic signals. Sigris are erected at the crossing on both sides of the ccariagoway a8 shown in Fig. 42 408432 PEDESTRIAN SIGNAL INSTRUCTION Sign 429 Is provided at a padasiian crossing. It may. 'be incorporated within the push-button cabinet or appear as a separate plate. a9 433 FOOTBRIDGE Ras ‘Sign 430 may bo used to indicate the location of a Se fooibridge. The plate may be extended to include & eee direction arrow balow the tox. 430 434 SUBWAY ‘st Sign 431 may be usod to indicate the location of a ‘subway. Tho plalo may be oxtonded to include a EEE — Marking 502 is used at roundabouts 10 indicate where drivers should yield to vehicles already on the Sreulatery camageway. itis alvays accompanied by Marking 503 (Give Way triangle), as shown in Appendices E and F. ‘At normal roundabouts, its used in conjunction with Sign 208 (Give Way) but at mini-roundabouts the combination Sign 203/204 is used. ‘THE GIVE WAY TRIANGLE Marking $03 is used with Markings 501 and 502 as described above. It is normally located with its base 2 to 3 metres from the transverse marking Out, exceptionally, this distance may be increased up to amaximum of 15 meties where the layout ofthe junction, visibility and/or vehicle speed on the minor road warrant such a move.53.5 ROUNDABOUT WARNING MARKING (‘SHARKS TEETH) 70 Sa eee 504 Marking £04 is use on ail roundabout approaches. Where the 85th percentile speed on an approach is 80 kph. ols, the markings are inialed al 60 and 100 mottes in advance of the Give Way line, Where the 85h percentie speed exceeds & kpin, these distances are increased 10 100 and 200 metres, respectively. 54 LONGITUDINAL MARKINGS 541 LANE MARKINGS Lane markings are used to Separate any traffic lane from its neighbours) (Te {Joo 7000 one | a0 | [= bn shin | = ie ‘Marking 805 is used on Primary Routes where the 85th percentile speed is 80 kph, oF lass, and on all Socondary and Tertiary Routes. On Primary Routes where the 85th percentile speed exceeds 80 KE, Marking 808 should be used 608WARNING MARKINGS 120 807 Marking 507 is substituted for Markings 505 and 08 to warn drivers of a hazard ahead and should be sed in the following circumstances ( Onthe approaches to al junctions, as illustrated in the Appendices. The minimum number ‘of marking modules (ie. line plus gap) varies according to the type of junction as detailed in tables ‘Approach Major Minor Re on 85th percentile speed kph | 0-60 | “es | oo | 3a" | Toe No, of Modules Priority Jet/Roundebouts sJufs|o] a Signal Controtea Junction: 7 9 5 9 5 uum s{[ule =| = Table 1 — Modules of Warning Marking at Junctions Hf the distance between adjecent junctions is less than three times the length of the ‘specified minimum number of modules, the warning marking should be continued through, 504543 (i) Where the Forward Visibility Distance falls within the limits specified in Table 62. ‘88th percentile speed kph 0-45 48-60 | 60-80 | Over80 Upper Limit metres 125 175 226 300 Lower Limit metr 75 100 150 175 Note: 1. vin (ser J aroulsve used, 2 Farward isbity Dita on Gul earagenays should always exces th we it ‘Table 5.2 Visibility Criteria for Warning Marking PROHIBITORY LINE aye 120 ne Forward Val Distance fas blow he ower lt on single ceagonay roads the Doutle Lne System Marking 508 indicates to drivers that they may not leave the lane in which they ate travelling. It is used at priority junctions, trafic-signal controlled junctions and roundabouts to prevent weaving movement in the immediate vicinity ofthe junction, and extends 24 malres from the STOP or Give Way ling, as appropriate. 505544 DOUBLE LINE SYSTEM 120 ea varie 120 fle 120 7000 ¢ 509 S10 ‘Markings 609 and S10 are used on two-way single cartiageway roads where the Forward Visibily Distance falls below the lower limits specified in Table 52. The continuous line indicates to drivers that they may not leave the lane in which they are travelling, Marking 509 is used where visibiliy is restricted in one direction only. Where it is restricted in both directions, Marking 510 is used. 508545 EDGE OF CARRIAGEWAY MARKINGS ae apie 7aBPOWS BIE JoeB + | | 7000, _ | 3 in au 4 f i | \ ‘Marking 511 is used to indicate the edge of carriageway at a road junction oF lay-by. In urban areas itis also used on certain 1oads to delineate a continuous parking strip between the main carriageway and kerbed edge. ‘Marking §12 is used on roads in urban and suburban areas and on minor rural roads to indicate the ‘edge of carriageway where no hard shoulder has been provided and the edge of cariageway is not dotined by a kerbline. Marking 513 is used to indicate the edge of carriageway {i) onal Primary and Secondary Routes (i) onallother roads where a hard shoulder (whether kerbed or not) has been provided (ii) t0 replace Marking 512 where prohibitory or warning markings exist in the centre of the carriageway. (On Primary Routes, Marking 513 is coloured yellow and designated 12Y., Nominal carriageway width — 6m or 12m Minimum lane width 2.75m | » Tas zt 150 (20) rartng ———] 5:1 Location of Edge of Carriageway Markings 5075.5 OTHER MARKINGS Gee aa a : Q al | 1 L a s4 515 516 Markings 514, 518 and 616 are used on mult-lane approaches to trafic-signal controled and priority junctions to indicate to drivers which lane they should take to reach therr chosen exit. The direction of ‘each arrow head may be varied as required but no more than two directions may be shown on any one arrow. (On roads where the 85th percentile speed is 80 kp.n, or less, two arrows should be provided for each lane. Where the 85th percentile speed exceeds 60 kp! a third arrow should be added, ‘The distances in advance of the STOP or Give Way line at which the arrows should be installed are given in Table 53. Distance In metros ‘Speed e@ Arrow 0-60 60-80 ‘Over 80 1 15 20 25 2 45 Co 5 3 = = 125 Table 6.3 Location of Lane Arrows 5.08552 BIFURCATION ARROW si Marking 817 is used to indicate the divergence of a full width additional lane from the main carriage: way. The additonal lane may be either a slip road, a deceleration lane, a free right turn, a U-turn or localised widening (29. in advance ofa signal controled junction). The marking is not intended to indi ‘cate minor bifurcations such as deceleration tapers at Tjunctions, The 32 metre arrow is used on roads where the 85th percentile speed exceeds 80 koh. Elsewhere, the 16 metre arow is used. The aheed portion of the arrow is located centrally in the lane adjacent to the bifurcation, with its tip ‘approximately 20 meires (for the 32 metre arrow) oF 10 metres (lor the 18 metre arrow) past the begin- ring of the divergence, in the direction of travel 553 WARNING ARROW Spe ti 200 (300) 518 ‘Marking 518 is used in conjunction with Marking 807, under the following circumstances (i) to war drivers on two-way, single carriageway roads that they are approaching a double line marking (ether Marking 509 with the solid line nearest to their lane, or Marking 510) ‘and that they should return to andlor koop tothe right. In this case the arrow is positioned on the centre line of the carriageway, as shown in Fig. 52, replacing Marking 507. The distances in advance of the double line marking at which this occurs are given in Table 5.4 — ee Fig. 5:2 Warning arrows In advance of double line system 509sth percentie | stance (m Arrow speed ‘Arrow size +12 [3 m 0-0 ao | 4 | — 6 60-80 ao | 66 | 6 over 80 30 | 96 | 186 9 Table 5.4 Location of Warning Arrow (ion a one-way, muit-lane carriageway in advance of a narrowing where the aumber of lanos is reduced. The arrow is positioned in tne middle of the lane to be dropped (see Fig. 53) and may point to the left or right depending on which lane is to be lost. The distances in advance of the narrowing at which the arrows should be located are given in Table 54 20m Point at which width lars to reduce eee os Reese fee heme ee ee 554 CROSS HATCH AND CHEVRON MARKINGS |= =, 5.10585 Marking 519 is used to sepatete opposing streams of trafic prior to or folowing a physical separation such a8 the median stnp or a trafic istand. ‘Marking 620 is used to separate adjacent ctreams of traffic travelling in the same direction in advance (of physical separation. The marking may be used, with the direction of the chevrons reversed, to ‘extend a physical separation to control merging streams of traffic, Marking 521 is substituted for Marking $20 on Primary Routes. (MINI-ROUNDABOUT MARKING ‘Marking 522 may be used to convert existing priority junctions of urban local and access roads to roundabout operation. This may be required whare the pattern of tratic movement has altered and/or the operation of the junction results in unacceptable congestion on the minor approach(es). The marking has the meaning that any vehicle approaching the Give Way line must give prionty to those Vehicles approaching from the ahead of left directions whose route through the junction causes them to cross the path ofthe frst vehicie. The principle is illustrated in Appendix F.586 PEDESTRIAN CROSSING MARKINGS: CENTRES Marking 623 is used to define an area of carriageway that may be used by pedestrians for crossing the road, a Fig. 4 Pedestrian Crossing at Traffi-Signals Where the crossing is controled by pedestrian operated traffic signals of is ata trafic-signal controlled junction, the marking is positioned 1 metre beyond the primary signal pole, as illustrated in Figure 5.4 512aie | ite po I eI i poo mo a 216-246 oeTaN. Marking 524 is provided in advance of Marking 823 where the crossing is not controlled by trafic Mgnalerit net only wars o! the presence of the crossing ul also has the meaning that no vehicle may stop within te length of the marking except fo permit a pedestrian to cross the road. ‘At uncontrolled crossings, Marking 523 and 624 are positioned as illustrated in Figures 9.6 and 56. It Should be notes that Sign 246 and Marking 627 may be used to prevent parking on the exil from the Grossing should it be considered nocossary. sing Sr requis a, att — et 1 tet 1——7-— ' I 1F Fig. 5.5 Uncontrolled Cros: Fig. 5.6 Uncontrolled Crossing on Dual Carriageway 5185.5.7 BOX JUNCTION MARKING. £2000 (2500) when the shortest boundary te more than 9009 mm ‘Marking 525 may be used at Junctions in order to prohibit queueing within the junction which prevents ‘other movements taking place. A driver may enter the junction only when his exit is elear unless he wishes to tur fll, in which ease he may enter i his futher movement is prevented solely by oncoming ‘ratio. He may not entor if that trafic is stationary. ‘This marking has 2 regulatory eifec (indicated by its yollow colour) and will require enforcement by the ‘Talc Police. Consequently all cases ot intondad use must be referred to he Ministry ef Public Works for consideration. ‘The way in which the marking is constructed is described below: (i) Rectengular junctions (a) The diagonals are set out at right angles (or as near as possible) to each other (©) The boundary lines are drawn (€} The grid is inflled with the lines boing set paralel to the diagonals al 2 metre intervals i Where the box is much longer than itis wide, It is set out as shown, Fig. &:7 Rectangular Box aMWhere the box is required on one hai ofthe carriageway only itis set aut as a full box tut only half the markings are provided, as shown, Fig. 5.8 Half Box (1). Non-rectangular junctions (@} A boundary ine is drawn aeross each arm at right angles (or as near as possible) 10 its centre line. The perimeter is completed by following the intervening kerblines. (0) The diagonals A — B and C —D ae drawn, as shown, to intersect at right angles, ot ‘as near as possible. (©) The grid is inflled as betore. xy AI Ay ies Lez re LR LK 4 KJ 22 SOK OK LOR ER re x Le & bey Lr 2 g a2 a rene, k? a xy b Fig, 59 Non-Rectangular Boxee58.8 WAITING RESTRICTION MARKINGS F ots 526 Ker 50, 10 100. 100. rhe: sar Markings 526 and 827 are provided on the nearside edge of carriageway on roads subject to waiting rasiictions to indicate the langth(s) of road over which the restricions are in foree. Marking 826 is used “where parking is prohibited between certain hours only and Marking 627 is used where parking is. prohibited at all mes. They are both coloured yellow. “These markings supplement Signs 246 and 247 and may be considered as being for the guidance of the public ap itis the prasanoe of the signs that enforcas the restriction. 55.9 KERB MARKINGS AT JUNCTIONS. PAVING PAINTED KERB. STONE PAVEMENT Marking 828 should be applied to all kerbs in the vicinity ofa junction, ta highlight its presence. The kerbs ae painiod black and whito. 5166.510 PARKING BAY MARKINGS. 500 1000 a ss + 2 100 : 00 Kerb Line 29 500 1000 Kerb Line Markings 629 and 830 are used to define parking bays on or adjacent to the highway.5511 58 sea ROAD HUMP MARKINGS ‘Marking 831 is used to indicate the position and extent of a speed control road hump. Type 555 studs should be provided on both approaches, as shown, WORDED ROAD MARKINGS: GENERAL Markings 532 and 598 are the only worded road markings approved for general use. Other legends ‘may only ba used where the appropriate message cannot be corweyed by conventional signing and road markings. ‘The characters forming the legend are elongated vertically to improve their legibility to drivers approaching at speed. The elongation is based on a unit aleph-height of 60mm (x-helght = 400mm) land is dependent on vehicle approach speed, as specified in Table §5, The Arabic and English ‘character Sets are illustrated in Appendix G. 85th percentile Ratio of Elongation speed fn Vertical | Horizontal Under 45 3 1 Over 45 5 1 51856.2 STOP MARKING 532 Marking 532 may only be used to supplement Sign 200 and Marking 500, as illustrated in Appendix B ‘and must NOT be used under any other circumstances, yt 563 SLOW MARKING 533 ‘Marking 533 may be used to supplement warning signs on the approach to @ hazard or junction, 6g. @ sharp bend al the end of a long straight section of high speed road, It must be emphasised thal this marking should only be used where absolutely necessary, as, ‘experience has shown that over provision results in the waming message being ignored 5195.7 ROAD STUDS 57.1 REFLECTING ROAD STUDS Rellecting studs are normally provided on all roads away from areas of sireet lighting, though certain litroads may require studs, as directed by the Ministry of Public Works. ‘The stud type and colour, and the carriageway marking with which they are associated, are shown in Table 56 stud] Colour Use Road Marking Spacing in metres for feast Single C'way | Dual C'way 550 | White/White | Lane Marking | 805, 506 18 peer 550 | white/wnite | Lane Marking | 507,508,509 9 - 861} White/Red | Lane Marking | 505.506 - 18 561 | White/Red | Lane Marking | 507 ~ 9 552 | Red/Red Nearside 512,513 18 18 Edge Marking 552| Red/Red | Edge Marking | 619,520,521 3 563 | Amber/Red | Offside Edge | 512,513 - 18 Marking, 553 | Amber/Red | OlfsideEdge | 519,520,521 3 3 Marking 554 | Green/Green | _ Nearside st 8 8 Edge Marking 555 | Amber/Amber | _RoadHump | _§31 Transverse at 2m centres Mot: Where used in conjunction with Marking 608, the stu wb posionad tote nearsice af the marking, relate to ate sppreecing te jucion Table 5.6 Road Studs and Associated Carriageway Markings 5.72 _NON-REFLECTING ROAD STUDS. 5721 WHITE CERAMIC STUDS ‘These studs may be used as a substilule for reflective road studs in urban areas where street lighting is provided. At present, hey may be usad only in conjunction with the following road markings: 505-509 506 «510 507 Other applications of these studs, 2.9. at junctions where the wear rale of thermoplastic or painted road markings 1 particularly high, ere stil under study by the Ministry of Public Works, 5722 SQUARE METALLIC STUDS. “These studs are used to warn of the approach to, and to delineate, a pedestrian crossing, 52058 581 59 59.4 593 REFLECTORIZATION OF CARRIAGEWAY MARKINGS Cattiageway markings ere normally rellectorized by the addition cf spherical glass beads to the ‘marking material during mixing and by the application of further beads to the surface of the marking during application ‘This extra refectorization is not suitable for lane and hand-laié markings in areas where the obliteration (of markings is a problem. MATERIALS MARKINGS Carriageway markings wil normally be formed using superimposed Thermoplastic or Hot Sprayed Plastic complying with the Catar National Building Specification (QNBS) Clauses 19-4.05 and 19-4.06. ‘Atornatively the following materials are being evaluated by the Ministry of Public Works, whose ‘approval must be obtained prior to their use. 4) Twin Pack Polyurethene (Marine) paint (ip Prefabricated Sheet Material Paint is used for Marking 527. REFLECTING ROAD STUDS Reflecting road studs used in Qatar are “double-sided, naving a muli-reflex lens strip of the ‘appropriate colour set on the two faces perpendicular to the direction of trafic flow. ‘Those studs intended for permanent use should have the lens strips housed in a cast aluminium base with integral anti-shear pin. This pin is inserted into a pre-criled hole in the road surface and anchored by means of an adhesive, grout or hot poured bitumen. ‘Sluds which have no anti-shear pin and are bonded to the road surlace by an adhesive, e.9. epoxy ‘coment, should only be used in temporary situations such as the diversion of trafic lanes at roadworks. Exceptionally, they may be used in locations where they would be subject to very lit trafic loading, ‘29. with tho ofside edge of cartiageway marking on @ dual carriageway road NON-REFLECTING ROAD STUDS When used as a lane marking these must be of white ceramic material, 100 mm diameter. ‘Square metalic, aluminium or stainless steel studs are used to delineate or warn of pedestrian crossings. 521APPENDIX A — ROAD MARKINGS AT A TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROLLED JUNCTION wa @ ees fy oy ar Secondary Signals and all othr signing have bean cenited for 522APPENDIX B — ROAD MARKINGS AT A PRIORITY JUNCTION CONTROLLED BY A STOP SIGN Li Vv Nowe 1. See Table 61 fornumbsr of moda of Maring 507, 2 Th junction conrad sgn ay ret berecates 523APPENDIX C — ROAD MARKINGS AT A U-TURN u a eae eee o] og abiea S. Geis cl cel Noes 1. Whar viii i poo. Markings SOT ‘and 503 rlaced by Marking 50D ign 200 (Give Way) is rplacd by si z0(STOM, 2. Soe Tab: fr numberof modules ct Manna S07, 3. The clas Marking 505 cr Marking {08 dopend on ha sts fe roa See Secon 541 4. Tha cote af Maron 512 oF Waring 5igependa onthe aage ot artegeway Weare: See Section 545 5. Thalangin of Mening 517 depen on ‘resin porcanwe wan speca Se section 882 524APPENDIX D — ROAD MARKINGS AT A PRIORITY JUNCTION CONTROLLED BY A GIVE WAY SIGN 1. Sea Tabi fr aumbor of macuies of sn 607 2. The|uregon corto ahead Signs may rote required: 525APPENDIX E — ROAD MARKINGS AT A ROUNDABOUT sa [ea] Novae 1. Seo Tle 5.1 or mumber ot madules of artery 507 2. Maron £08 sca at 0 ad 100 tra tom tha Give Way Ina ws ‘he 35h porcorbl eli opead a ons ‘man 60 1, The cole of Marking 905 or Marking £08 lebron he tutus of ood ‘See Section 541 4. Ther of Mating $11, Marking 312 Marking 818 deportes ono ade of arsagonay tasimons Sea Sas 545.APPENDIX F — ROAD MARKINGS AT A MINI-ROUNDABOUTAPPENDIX EXTENDED CHARACTERS FOR WORDED ROAD MARKINGS ‘The manner in which the actual size of any character may be determined is lustated by means of ‘examples from the English and Arabic Character sot. The Tile Width Factor ‘w’ is taken from the relevant letter ble at 1:1 scale shown in Part 2, Chapter 1, ‘Appendix A. The tlle length is fhxed as shown for the ‘elevant ratio of elongation, Tho worded road markings STOP and SLOW aro shown as individual ties and then as complete ‘messages in dual language at both 1:5 and 1:3, width:length ratios. Al dimensions are shown in miimetres. jai AYUSIL dud ¥/ b gSU A gist goth Tahal Lapall Gy all degen Ul as + Gye GY ail peal uss Gib iy Gee ne» GUN aye Jule N pusill Q cpae 9 LS VV Raety qual hua BM yb story. V Gall s Yl Quad! » Cage 9a US Tagua! Jp Sal HBR ngs Gis GUSIL Gus ¥ bball gh, Fag Aly WAS OL La Says Had GES pb JS papal! Gauss 0: Vy TY 7 | r t "ES | | | | eae 4 Ka I | t 3 | aE a r | AU 4 ol529‘ aa 4 4 ee t > =e + a a 4 a = rE ome | HG a r i - ee = |__| a i J : | | a ao an ry, x, wsQatar Traffic Manual Traffic Design Manual Contents CHAPTER ONE SIGN FACE DESIGN CHAPTER TWO SIGN CONSTRUCTION, MOUNTING AND ILLUMINATION CHAPTER THREE VEHICLE CRASH BARRIER AND PEDESTRIAN GUARD RAILCHAPTER ONE — SIGN FACE DESIGN Contents Section Tile Page No. 14 General sor 1.2 Basic Principles sor 1.3 Sign Face Layout 105 ‘Appendix A Arabic/English Character Sets 1.17 1.0014 12 424 CHAPTER ONE — SIGN FACE DESIGN GENERAL ‘The design rules described in this Chapter, it correctly applied, wil produce sign faces that are both Clearly legible and unambiguous in content. Cortain of these rules are applicable to all directional signing. The remainder detail the way in which each particular sign face is constucied and are described mainly by the use of dimensioned diagrams, Al direction signing in Qatar is bi-lingual, the destinations and distances being displayed in both Arabic and English. The alphabets used are the Arabic Naskn alphabet and the English alphabet in Transport Medium Script. The charactor sots for both alphabets are ilustrated in Appendix A. BASIC PRINCIPLES (CHARACTER SIZE The size of characters of the Arabic alphabet is defined in terms of the height of the aleph — the ‘leph-height. The size of the English characters is defined in terms of the lower case °x’ — the ‘xcheight’. The ratio of aleph-height to x-height is 17:1 ‘The size of characters used on directional signing is dependent on the approach speed ol vehiclas on the road on which the signs are located, The sizes to be used are given in Table 1.1 [85th Percentile} Advance Direction Direction Signe Route Contirmatory Speed Signs Signs Kh ‘Alph- | x-neight | Ateph- | x-height | Aloph- | x-hoight height height height mm mm mm mm mm mm 04s 170 100 130 18 130 7% 45.60 170 100 130 6 130 8 60-80 255 150 170 100 170 100 Over €0 340 200 255 150 255 180 Note: Character sles used on supclemeniay plates essociiad win Ragultory and Warning Signs are given in Pat Cra, CChapars Two and Tee respectively ‘Table 1.1 - Character Sizes Each charactor is contained within a tie, Tiles for Arabic characters ate twice the eleph-height high bul of varying with, Similarly tiles for English characters are twice the x-height high but vary in wih, 10112.2 TEXT BLOCKS 1221 FORMATION Destination place names are formed by butiing up the tiles of the required characters. Such en assembly of tles Is called the ‘text block’ and for each destination or word there will normally be both an Arabic and an English text block “The width of a text block is determined by summing the widths of the individual ties. ‘The relative positions of he Arabic and English text blocks are as ‘ollows: (i) Where a single destination is indicated, the Arabic text block is centred above the English teat block i EnGusH Nau 7 Fig. 1.1 Position of Single Destination Text Blocks At) Where two destinations are indicated, the text blocks are arranged vertically in the order ‘Arabic, Arabic, English, English. The Arabic text blocks are right justiliee and the English text blocks are left usttiad. Then, {a} Where the longest Arabic text block is longer than the longest English text block the English text locks are justified tothe left edge ofthe longest Arabic tex! biock {(b) Where the longest Arabic text block is shorter than the longest English text block, the English tex! blocks are ustiied to the right edge ofthe Arabic text blocks, enous t Isai cencush H Fig, 1.2 Position of Dual Destination Text Blocks No more than two destinations may be indiceted for any one exit 1.021222 SEPARATION (On map-type Advance Direction Signs, text blocks which refer to difarent exits, but which are in line either horizontally or verically, must be separated by @ minimum space of 3 times the x-height Unrelated text blocks which are not in line horizontally or vertically should be positioned by the following constuction: (@) One ofthe text blocks is selected and its horizontal and vertical edges nearest the second tex! block are extended for a distance of 3 times the x-height. The end points of these lines are then joined. {i The diagonal so formed defines the minimum separation between the two tex! blocks. 3x 1.3 Position of Unrelated Text Blocks 1.23 ROUTE NUMBERS: Route number inlormation is displayed in Arabic only. The route number block is constructed as follows: (i) The appropriate Arabic numerals are selected and their tiles butted together to form the numeral block (i) Characters forming the Arabic word 32.245 (Route), with an aleph-height one that ofthe numerals, are selected These form tha tent biock rd of| (i) The text block is butted over the numeral block and the two are centied. (iv) The route number block is completed by enclosing the assembly in a rectangle or brackets, as shown in Fig. 1.4 103124 128 aa Fig. 1.4 Route Number Block Construction ‘A route number block is placed either one x-height horizontally or 05 times the x-height vertically from the text block(s) to which it relates. ‘Associated route number blocks are placed on the same horizontal ine and separated by one x-height spacing The minimum spacing between a route number block and an unrelaled text or route number block is th same as that required for unrelated tex! blocks. ‘The minimum spacing between a route number block and any border, arrow tile or map symbol is 05 times the x-height DIRECTION ARROWS ‘Arrows are each contained within a tile, Three types of arrow (ilustrated in Appendix A) are used on direction signing ‘Type 1 — large, non lane specific Type 2 — small, non lane specific ‘Type 3 — lane speciic ‘Type 1 arrows are used on Signs 102 and 105, except in the case described in Section 1.82 where the type 2 arrow is used. ‘Type | and type 2 arrows are separated irom their related text or route number block by 0.5 times the: height. ‘Type 3 arrows are used on Sign 103. One arrow is required for each lane ot trafic covered by the sign ‘and each arrow is centred above the lane to which it refers. (Seo Fig. 1.8) ‘The minimum space between any arrow tile and a text block or an artow and @ border is 05 times the xcheight. CARRIAGEWAY SYMBOLS ‘The carriageway symbol used on Signs 100, 101, 106 and 107 represents the layout ofthe junction. The, symbol is one x-height wide, ‘The part of the symbol representing the approach to the junction is set perpendicular to the bottom of the sign with its terminal tine parallel to the bottom border and 0.25 times the x-neight trom it tis of ‘minimum length 3 times the x-height for Signs 100 and 101 and 2 times the x-neight for Signs 108 and 107. In cases where a text block would extend below the bottom of the symbol, the symbol should be lengthened so that it terminates on the same horizontal line as the bottom of the text block, 104126 127 ‘Those parts of the symbol representing the forward and side directions terminate in 45° chevrons. ‘Their lengths and thoi elaionship to the text and route number blocks are dependent on sign type and are detailed in Section 1.3 Where two parts of the symbol intersect the corners are rounded using @ radius of 025 times the height AIRPORT SYMBOL ‘The airport symbol ilustrated in Appendix A is always used wherever ‘Airport’ appears as a destination, The symbol is positioned to the lef ofthe Arabic text block but seperated by a distance of (0.25 times the x-neignt from it ‘The symbol may point upwards, norizontally or be inclinad at 45° so that it is parallel with the ‘associated direction arrow or if used on a Direction Sign, the direction of the chevron ‘The minimum spacing between the symbol tile and any border is 0. times the x-height BORDERS External borders are 0.5 times the x-height wide and have thelr corners rounded with an internal radius (f 05 times the x-height and an external radius equal to the x-height Internal borders are 0.25 times the x-height wide. No rounding is provided where an internal border joins the external border. 13 134 SIGN FACE LAYOUT |i this section only those rules which may require some clarification ate described in the text. The remainder are illustrated in the dimensioned diagrams SIGN 100 The text block forthe exit destination is positioned as shown in Fig 1.5 being centred vertically on the horzontal edge of the exit carriageway symbol. This is also the case for dual exit destinations, as shown, 1.05Fig. 1.5 Positions of Exit Destination Block ‘Where the ahead destination is named or numbered the ahead carriageway symbol terminates at 05 times the x-neight below the text or route number black. Where no ahead destination oF route number is displayed, the ahead carriageway symbol terminates at 0.5 times the x-height from the border, te leval with the top of the exit destination text block ‘The ‘al’ of the carriageway symbol terminates level with the bottom of the distance block. Where no distance is displayed, the tal length reduces to its minimum value of 3 timas the x-height 132 SIGN101 Sign 101 is constructed in the same way as Sign 100. Tho length of the carriageway symbo! is determined by the height ofthe text blocks, the roule number symbols and the spacing between them, as shown, 1.08133 SIGN 102 (On the ahead destination sign, the arrow and route number block appear cn the let ofthe sign face On the exit destination sign, they appear on the right, Generally, the Arabic text block will appear above the English text block for both single and dual ‘destination signs. Type 1 arrows should be used, with the arrow and route number block arranged horizontally with the route number block adjacent to the text block) for a single destination sign and vertically for a dual destination sign, Hf the wiath of the carriageway is sufficient, @ saving in sign height may be achieved by either: (@) fora single destination sign, postioning the text to the right of the English text In this case ‘type 2 arrow should be used, (©) for a dual destination sign, joining the place names by the use of the '&’ character. A type 1 arrow should be used. 107Fig. 1.6 Reduction in Sign Height '(soacings n upper panel acconance wih tho rules athe end ct 13.4) ‘The route number block always appears 10 the right ofthe toxt block. ‘Type 3 arrows are used. These must be centred over the lane to which they refer I the sign refers to two oF more lanes, the heignt reduction rulas described in Section 133 may be ‘employed, subject to the width of the modified sign not exceeding the combined wid of the lanes 10 which it refers. 108Aue Egin Fig. 1.7 Reduction in Sign Height ‘The with of a sign, whether modified or not, is determined by comparing the widths of (the upper pane! — consisting of the longest text block, the route number block, the ‘minimum spacings and the borders, and {i the lower pane! — consisting ofthe arrow tile or block, the minimum spacings and the borders. ARROW TILE ARROW BLOCK Fig. 1.8 Arrow Tile and Arrow Block 109136 SIGN 105 ‘The route number block always appears next to the text Block ‘Where the exit is ahead or to the right, the arrow and route number block are positioned to the right of the text block. Where the exit is to the lett, hey appear to the let. The destinations should appear inthe folowing order, from the top ofthe sign downwards: ahead exit tof ext fight ext ‘ArfowS incined at 45° are used to indicate a tree-tow’ ext ‘These rules also apply to Signs 105M, 105% and 1057.137 SIGN 106 The rules described in this section apply to three and four-arm roundabouts whose approaches intersect at right angles. Where this does not represent the actual road layout itis lor the designer to interpret these ules and the previously described basic principles to achieve a well-balanced design (a) Four-arm Roundabouts The left and right oxit toxt blocks are positioned relative to the carriageway symbol as shown ‘above. The position ofthe ahead exit text varies. as follows (i) Single destination, with or without route number block: Fig. 1.9 Single Destination ‘The assembly of text block and route number block (if any) is centred horizontally over the ‘ahead exit carriageway symbol. ne.135 ‘Where the upper panel is wider than the lower panel, he arow tile or black is centred within the lower panel Where the lower panel is wider than the upper panel, ine minimum spacings in the upper penel are increased in the following manner: () the 05 x-height minimum spacings are increased, up 10 ane x-height: Ai) the remaining ‘space’ is allocated equally to the 0 x-height and one x-height minimum ‘spacing until they reach 2 times the x-height, ) any further ‘space' is allocated equally to all spacings, SIGN 104 110(i) Two destinations, with route number block Fig, 1.10 Dual Destination The route number block is centred over the cariageway symbol and the text block for one | M05 | CT { Fats OTT) lotr! Loam Leos »! ‘eos »| Le 075 wi TT] (4 TTT) aT i I | [ im] |_| Ul | a | TW | | ir} {2 Io) FR rl ql —| i T 44 | f | L | [AT | Peel fee Ee td Hl UTI f sa Ut) J os >! oan “Varies > le o7 ml lx 07 >| x04Ty Airport Symbol Type 3 Arrow 35x} | cae tet om e130 ol SS) Coooo < 126 >! a 2 ip be > bx 109. >! aq J 9 > a > be 137 + I a. A ~| nT 7 == Hot He - «ast re & 4 = 8 aoe Coo) vt ae ey nll, ~ + Ligh See a Sees 7 * ARS - : t 2 : 5 a it ee 1H 5H i yt Lt @ 128tt > og7 m beosimt Fl ry x 098 mf co co kor! x 122 ot 1 1 rH Cee Corr cool bx 126 >| ke 1s3 >! ve 129CHAPTER TWO — SIGN CONSTRUCTION, MOUNTING AND ILLUMINATION Contents Section Title Page No. 24 General 201 22 Sign Plate Construction 201 23 Siting of Signs 208 24 Design of Sign Supports 208 25 Design of Sign Support Foundations 219 26 Sign Reflectorisation 219 27 Sign illumination 221 28 Materials for Use in Sign Construction 223 29 Temporary Signs 225 Appendix A Sign illumination Criteria 226CHAPTER TWO — SIGN CONSTRUCTION, MOUNTING AND ILLUMINATION 21 GENERAL This Chapter considers the various aspects of design and construction of the sign and its supports, is ‘mountings and foundations and the requirements for illumination and/or rellectorisation of the sign face, A trac sign is a functional piece of equioment which will require maintenance and occasional repair. Given such attention, a sign constructed to the standards contained narein should have a uselu! fe of atleast 10 years. Throughout this Chapter the following terms are used:— Signface _ — the symbol or legend that is displayed to drivers Sign plate — the part ofthe sign to which the sign lace is xe ‘Sign support — the poles or posts upon which the sign plate is mounted. 22 SIGN PLATE CONSTRUCTION Sign plates may be constructed in two diferent ways: (0) Sheer construction — one or more fat sheets mounted on a frame, as shown in Fig. 2.1 This construction may be used for any size of sign. Ai) Plank construction ~ shaped channel sections assembled to form a rigid sign olate (Fig 22), This construction may only be used for signs whose area is greater than Gm? or [eve rastenines oes OF eos Fig. 2.1 — Sheet Construction Fig. 2.2 — Plank Construction 201221 sweerconstmucnon ‘he denne he eu late shut cial Mose ch gn ae here no or mow sheets we e ined tn son ee rote ad hae araasiont aah Signs which are equal to, or larger than, the sizes spacitied In Table 21 will require some form ot siifening to meet the requirements of 8 S. 873 with regard to dellection under service conditions. SIGN SHAPE SIGN SIZE Circular {900 mm diameter Triangular 900 mm height Rectangular Longest side = 1000 mm Ratio of longest o shorast side greater tnan 25:1 ‘Table 2.1 — Signs Requiring Sttfening This stifening may be achieved by any of the following methods:~ (0 Providing a stifening frame, generally formed from L-seotion or C-section metal stip, This lame may also act as the mounting frame. ii) Forming @ flange around the edges of the sheot(s). The Hlanges should be at least 12 mm deep, (ii) Using heavy gauge sheets) la proprietary brand of stfening frame is proposed, the manulacturer must show that the system ‘meets the requirements of the specification 222 PLANK CONSTRUCTION The length of the sign plate should equal that of the sign face. The height of the sign plate is e determined by whole number multiples of the plank height and therefore may be slightly greater than that ofthe sign face. (in this case, the sigh face should be set out so that itis centred vertically on the Sign plate and the ‘empty’ areas above and below the sign face should be coloured grey) Al cut ends of plank sections must be formed 10 give @ flanged appearance. Pani type signs generally will require only vertical sifening. This may be achieved by the rigid ‘attachment of the sign plate to its support. However, the manufacturer of any proprietary system must show that it meets these requirements. 223 FIXING AND MOUNTING Irrespective ofthe type of sign construction, the fayout and fixing of both sign plate and irame should bbe as simple as possible to achisve the required rigiiy. Fixing of agjoiring members and ol the sign plate o the frame may be by any of the following methods, so long as the method can be shown to De adequate for its particular application, (i) Welding Gp el pes ab oe ot le saci ot te @ ae pontine a nr ne artes on a ufce Fee ello eesiedereprenetine nee 202(ii) Bolts — where these appear on the sign face, they must ba coloured to match their ‘surrounding area. Sign face material, such as rellective sheeting, must not be e@ applied over boit heads. (iv) Adhesives. Where materials that have different coeticients of expansion are joined together, the joints must be designed to prevent their failure by shea. 23 SITING OF SIGNS Many factors combine to determine good sign positioning. The position in advance of, or at, a junction ‘or hazard at which a sign should be placed has been described in Par 1, together with the concept of Minimum Clear Visibilty Distance. Further considerations are discussed below — 23.1 LATERAL POSITIONING All signs must be set back trom the carriageway to avoid damage from passing vehicles. The amount Of set back varies according to location, as shown in Fig. 23 TH WARD SHOULDER Lg 1290 Fig. 2.3 — Required Set Back Distances 208