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Revised edition 2016
ISBN: 978-93-5199-817-4
Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.

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2- tho n;k osQ elhgk ------------------------------------------------------------------ 11
3- vkRefuHkZjrk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
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5- dk'k] eSa eksVjlkbfdy gksrk! ----------------------------------------------------- 32
6- ,d Fkk jke ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39
7- nks iaNh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
8- fj'or iaQM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
9- iqjLdkj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60
10- dchj osQ nksgs --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
11- chl lky ckn -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
12- pkYlZ Mk£ou ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
13- cgqr fnuksa osQ ckn -------------------------------------------------------------------- 85
14- ,d dgkuh budh Hkh --------------------------------------------------------------- 91
15- deZohj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97
16- laxBu esa 'kfDr ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 104
17- oSQosQ;h dk vuqrki ------------------------------------------------------------------- 111
18- Lokeh foosdkuan ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 117
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(p) ^vej cfynkuh* ljgn ij 'kghn gksus okys ohjksa dks dgk x;k gS] D;ksafd og ej dj Hkh
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ns'k osQ toku nq'euksa ls yM+rs gq, 'kghn gks x,A mudh ,d gh bPNk Fkh fd Hkkjroklh [kq'k
o vk”kkn jgsaA gesa ,sls ohjksa dh oqQckZuh dks ;kn j[kuk pkfg,A
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µ jk"Vªh; xhr dk lEeku djrs gSaA
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(x) xtkuu (x) ije $ bZ'oj
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µ vR;f/d ljnh o vR;f/d xjeh tSlh izfrowQy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa jgukA
µ lhfer lk/uksa esa fuokZg djukA
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1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 ¾ 10

(d) ^,s esjs oru osQ yksxks* xhr fdlosQ n~okjk fy[kk x;k gS\
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([k) xhrdkj oru osQ yksxksa dks D;k djus osQ fy, dg jgk gS\
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(x) ^laxhu ij j[k dj ekFkk* ls xhrdkj dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\

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(?k) fdudh tokuh dks xhrdkj us /U; ekuk gS\

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(Ä) xhrdkj us fduosQ fy, ;g dgkuh fy[kh gS\

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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) tc ns'k esa Fkh nhokyh] oks [ksy jgs Fks gksyh
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([k) ljgn ij ejus okyk] gj ohj Fkk Hkkjroklh

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(d) 'kghn µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) frjaxk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) Hkkjroklh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) vej µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) vfHkekuh µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- ^bZ* izR;; yxkdj 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) vfHkeku $ bZ ¾ ----------------------------
([k) oqQckZu $ bZ ¾ ----------------------------
(x) ¯gnqLrku $ bZ ¾ ----------------------------
(?k) toku $ bZ ¾ ----------------------------
(Ä) vk”kkn $ bZ ¾ ----------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

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(x) ohj µ -----------------------------
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2- bl xhr dks i<+us osQ ckn vk”kknh vkSj Hkkjr osQ fo"k; esa vkiosQ fopkjksa esa D;k ifjorZu
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1- (d) xhrdkj iznhi n~okjk
([k) vk”kknh osQ fy, vius izk.kksa dk cfynku nsus okys 'kghnksa dks ;kn djus osQ fy, dgk x;k
gSA
(x) vL=kksa dks /kj.k dj] ml ij ekFkk fVdk toku [kq'kh&[kq'kh 'kghn gks x,A
(?k) ;qok 'kghnksa dh tokuh dks /U; dgk gSA
(Ä) xhrdkj us ;g dgkuh Hkkoh ih<+h dks lacksf/r dj fy[kh gSA
2- (d) xhrdkj dgrk gS fd tc Hkkjroklh vkjke ls vius ?kjksa esa [kqf'k;k¡ euk jgs Fks rc lhek
ij gekjs toku [kwu dh gksyh [ksy jgs FksA
([k) xhrdkj dgrk gS fd tkV] ejkBs] xqj[kk vkSj enzklh vFkkZr~ ns'k osQ fofHkUu izkarksa osQ toku
lSfud ,dtqV gksdj Hkkjr dh j{kk osQ fy, yM+ jgs gSaA
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1- (d) tks vius drZO; osQ fy, vius izk.k ns nasA
([k) rhu jaxksa okyk
(x) Hkkjr esa jgus okys yksx
(?k) tks ejus osQ ckn Hkh ;qxksa&;qxksa rd ;kn fd;k tk,
(Ä) ftls vfHkeku gks
2- (d) vfHkekuh ([k) oqQckZuh (x) ¯gnqLrkuh (?k) tokuh (Ä) vk”kknh
3- (d) v'kqHk ([k) vkjaHk (x) dk;j (?k) fons'k (Ä) vusd
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2 tho n;k ds elhgk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) vycVZ if'peh teZuh osQ xqu~lck[k xk¡o dk jgus okyk FkkA
([k) iknjh osQ yM+osQ dh thr gqbZA
(x) /eZ osQ mins'k nsus dk jkLrk NksM+dj MkWDVjh i<+us tkukA
(?k) fFk;ksykftdy dkWystA
(Ä) ukscy iqjLdkjA
fyf[kr
1- (d) jkr dh izkFkZuk lhfer Fkh] mlesa ifjokjokyksa osQ fy, gh nqvk ek¡xh tkrh FkhA
([k) nhu&nqf[k;ksa dh lsok osQ fy,A
(x) vI+kzQhdk osQ taxyh] vf'kf{kr o vlH; yksxksa osQ chp tkdj jgus dk fu.kZ;A
(?k) D;ksafd vycVZ dks yxk fd tc xk¡o osQ vusd cPpksa dks oSlk dksV ugha fey jgk rks mls
Hkh mldks iguus dk gd ughaA
(Ä) vycVZ vkWijs'ku ls igys ejh”k dks DyksjksiQkWeZ lq¡?kkrk Fkk] ftlls og csgks'k gks tkrkA
blfy, yksx izse ls mls tknwxj dgrs] tks igys yksxksa dks ekj Mkyrk gS] fiQj mudk bykt
djrk gSA
2- fdlus fdlls
(d) iknjh osQ csVs us e”knwj osQ yM+osQ ls
([k) vycVZ dh ekrk us vycVZ ls
(x) MkWDVj vycVZ us ,d ejh”k ls
(?k) ejh”k us MkWDVj vycVZ ls
(Ä) vycVZ 'okbV~”kj us tkslsiQ ls
11
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bZ'oj ls gekjh izkFkZuk leLr ekuotkfr osQ mn~/kj] tho&tarqvksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa vFkkZr~ leLr l`f"V
dh 'kkafr osQ fy, gksuh pkfg,A
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nwljksa dh lsok osQ fy, vycVZ us viuk leLr thou le£ir dj fn;k FkkA muosQ eu esa lHkh
thoksa osQ izfr n;k o d#.kk dk Hkko FkkA mUgksaus lHkh lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dk R;kx dj nhu&nqf[k;ksa
osQ nq[kksa dks nwj djus dk gj laHko iz;kl fd;kA os Lo;a dks ,d ns'k dk izk.kh ugha] vfirq
iwjs fo'o dk lnL; ekurs FksA muosQ fy, /eZ osQoy izkFkZuk vkSj mins'k ugha FkkA os deZ esa
fo'okl djrs FksA
vycVZ 'okbV~”kj us oqQ"B lsok osaQnz osQ fy, osQoy viuk /u gh ugha fn;k_ vfirq ru] eu
vkSj /u rhuksa le£ir dj fn,A os pkgrs rks lq[k&lqfo/k ls Hkjk thou th ldrs Fks] ijarq mUgksaus
d"Viw.kZ thou thus dk dfBu fu.kZ; fy;kA ,sls gh yksx elhgk dgs tkrs gSaA vktdy cgqr
ls izfln~/ usrk] vfHkusrk vkSj mn~;ksxifr vdlj ,slk djrs gSaA ;fn muosQ R;kx esa fdlh izdkj
dk LokFkZ fufgr u gks] rks mUgsa elhgk dgk tk ldrk gSA
vycVZ dks bl ckr dk iNrkok Fkk fd leLr ;wjksiokfl;ksa us vI+kzQhdk vkSj ,f'k;k osQ yksxksa ij
viuk vf/dkj dk;e dj mu ij vusd vR;kpkj fd, gSaA ;g dk;Z ekuork fojks/h gSA vr%
os vizQhdk osQ nhu&nqf[k;ksa dh lsok dj bl iki dk izk;f'pr djuk pkgrs gSaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) dejs dh ltkoV ns[kdj vferk gSjku gks xbZA
([k) lwr dh Mksjh VqdM+s&VqdM+s gksdj NksVh gks xbZA
(x) fnYyh ls nknk th dk i=k vk;k gSA
(?k) foKku dk Nk=k roZQ djus esa fln~/gLr gksrk gSA
(Ä) MkWDVj lkgc osQ csVs dk uke 'k'kkad gSA
(p) [ksy osQ lk/uksa dh deh f[kykM+h dks vkxs ugha c<+us nsrhA
2- (d) fey osQ e”knwj gM+rky ij pys x, gSaA
ehy dk iRFkj ns[krs gh lc us pSu dh lk¡l yhA
([k) xk¡o okys vkilh esy&feyki ls lHkh leL;k,¡ lqy>k ysrs gSaA
lkcqu ls jxM+rs gh diM+s esa yxh eSy lkI+kQ gks xbZA
(x) 'kksd lHkk esa 'kkafr cuk, j[kuh pkfg,A
eq>s gkWdh dk eSp ns[kus dk 'kkSd gSA
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eSa vius mu dk;ks± dk izk;f'pr djuk pkgrk gw¡ ftlls vU; yksxksa dk uqdlku gqvk gSA tSls
iM+ksl osQ ?kjksa dk esjh xsan ls f[kM+dh dk 'kh'kk VwVukA blosQ vykok eSa dHkh&dHkh ozQks/ esa
oqQN ,slh dVq ckrsa vius ekrk&firk o vè;kidksa ls dg nsrk gw¡ tks eq>s ugha dguh pkfg,
FkhA blosQ vfrfjDr eSaus ,dk/ ckj pksjh Hkh dh gS] >wB Hkh cksyk gSA eq>s bu lHkh xyr ckrksa
dk iNrkok gSA vr% mu lHkh O;fDr;ksa ls] ftudk eSaus fny nq[kk;k gS] ekIkQh ek¡xuk pkgrk gw¡A
lkFk gh eSa Hkfo"; esa vPNk balku cuus dk iz.k djuk pkgrk gw¡A
dYiuk dh mM+ku
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vkb,] oqQN djsa

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13
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(?k) izfln~/h vkSj /u feyus osQ cko”kwn Hkh vycVZ larq"V D;ksa ugha Fkk\
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(Ä) vycVZ us lM+d ij jsaxrs dhM+s dks ns[kdj D;k fd;k\

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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) eSa oSQlk ew[kZ gw¡] tks bu tSls taxyh yksxksa osQ chp vk clkA
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([k) ogk¡ osQ yksx rks vf'kf{kr] vlH; gSaA

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14
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1- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k esa ls ik¡p tkfrokpd vkSj ik¡p Hkkookpd laKk,¡ Nk¡fV,µ
½ × 10 ¾ 5
cM+s gksdj vycVZ us ihú,púMhú dhA os fFk;ksykftdy dkWyst osQ ¯izfliy cusA mUgksaus dbZ
iqLrosaQ fy[kha] izfln~f/ vkSj /u Hkjiwj feyus yxkA exj muosQ eu esa larks"k ugha FkkA mUgksaus
MkWDVjh dh i<+kbZ dhA iRuh dks lkFk ys vI+kzQhdk osQ nsgkrksa esa pys x,A ogk¡ isM+ksa dh Nk;k osQ
uhps nok ck¡Vus yxs rFkk ejh”kksa dh lsok djrsA bl rjg ,d fnu vLirky dh NksVh&lh bekjr
cuk yhA vkt ogk¡ 75 bekjrsa gSa] tgk¡ fpfdRlk osQ vk/qfudre lk/u ekStwn gSaA
mUgsa 'kkafr osQ fy, ûkscy iqjLdkj* iznku fd;k x;kA
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2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fozQ;k&fo'ks"k.k osQ Hksn fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) mlus cM+s vknj ls viuh ekrk ls dgkA ----------------------------------------
([k) ,d fnu og ?kj ij dke dj jgk FkkA ----------------------------------------
(x) pyrs&pyrs vycVZ vpkud #d x,A ----------------------------------------
(?k) MkWDVj tks'k esa igys ls ”;knk tqV x,A ----------------------------------------
(Ä) vycVZ vdkyxzLr {ks=k esa yxkrkj dke djrs jgsA ----------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa iz;qDr leqPP;cks/d 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5
(d) ogk¡ isM+ksa dh Nk;k osQ uhps nok ck¡Vus yxs rFkk ejh”kksa dh lsok djrsA -----------------------
([k) vLirky esa ejh”kksa osQ >qaM&osQ&>qaM vkus yxs exj enn nsus dks dksbZ
jk”kh ugha FkkA -----------------------
(x) /jrh ij vkidh fxurh cM+s ew[kks± esa gS] ysfdu LoxZ esa cM+s cqn~f/ekuksa
esa dh tk,xhA -----------------------
(?k) vycVZ us dhM+s dks mBk;k vkSj lM+d ls vyx ,d vksj j[k fn;kA -----------------------
(Ä) eSa MkWDVj blfy, cuuk pkgrk gw¡ rkfd nhu&nqf[k;ksa dh lsok dj low¡QA -----------------------
15
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- D;k nhu&nqf[k;ksa dh lsok djuk gh lcls cM+h lekt&lsok gS\ lekt&lsok osQ varxZr ge
vU; fdu dk;ks± dks lfEefyr dj ldrs gSa\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A 5
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2- gesa viuh xyfr;ksa osQ fy, izk;f'pr D;ksa djuk pkfg,A 5

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16
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) gkjs gq, yM+osQ dk ;g tokc lqudj ;fn mls Hkh vycVZ dh rjg ekal&eD[ku [kkus dks
feyk gksrk] rks og Hkh mls e”kk p[kk nsrk] iknjh dk yM+dk eu&gh&eu iNrkus yxkA
([k) tks izkFkZuk lkjs thoksa&i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ fy, gksA
(x) jks”k jkr dks MkWDVj ejh”k ls ueLdkj djrs Fks] ijarq ml jkr ugha vk,A
(?k) D;ksafd os nhu&nqf[k;ksa dh lsok djuk pkgrs FksA
(Ä) vycVZ us dhM+s dks mBkdj lM+d osQ fdukjs ij j[k fn;k rkfd fdlh dk iSj ml ij u
iM+ tk,A
2- (d) tc isfp'k dk jksx yackjsu vkSj vkl&ikl osQ {ks=kksa rd iSQy x;k rc vLirky esa ejh”kksa
osQ >qaM&osQ&>qaM vkus yxsA exj enn djus dks dksbZ jk”kh u FkkA ;g lc ns[kdj vycVZ
'okbV~”kj dks yxk fd os ew[kZ gSa tks bu taxyh yksxksa osQ chp vk x, gSa] tks viuksa dh
enn osQ fy, Hkh vkxs ugha vkuk pkgrsA
([k) vycVZ iknjh dk csVk Fkk] /eZ'kkL=k dk iafMr vkSj laxhr dk vkpk;Z FkkA og vius mins'kksa
ls cM+k midkj dj ldrk Fkk] ijarq mlus nhu&nqf[k;ksa dh lsok djus dk ladYi fd;kA
blosQ fy, mUgksaus MkWDVjh dh i<+kbZ dh vkSj vI+kzQhdk osQ taxyh yksxksa osQ chp tkdj jgus
dk fu.kZ; fy;kA muosQ blh fu.kZ; ls vlger gksdj muosQ fe=k us mUgsa roZQ fn;k fd
vI+kzQhdk osQ vf'kf{kr vkSj vlH; yksxksa osQ chp tkdj D;k djuk gS\
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- tkfrokpd laKkµ dkWys”k iqLrosaQ isM+ksa nok vLirky
Hkkookpd laKkµ larks"k lsok 'kkafr izfln~f/ i<+kbZ
2- (d) jhfrokpd ([k) LFkkuokpd (x) jhfrokpd (?k) ifjek.kokpd
(Ä) jhfrokpd
3- (d) rFkk ([k) exj (x) ysfdu (?k) vkSj (Ä) blfy,] rkfd

17
3 vkRefuHkZjrk
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) uezrk dksA
([k) vgadkj&o`fRr dksA
(x) ekufld Lora=krkA
(?k) cM+ksa dk lEeku rFkk NksVksa vkSj cjkcj okyksa ls dkseyrk dk O;ogkj djukA
(Ä) tc ge fdlh Hkh dk;Z osQ fy, nwljksa dk eq¡g rkdrs gSaA
fyf[kr
1- (d) ;qok dks lnk ;g Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, fd og vius ls cM+ksa dk lEeku djs] NksVksa vkSj
cjkcj okyksa ls dkseyrk dk O;ogkj djsA og ges'kk ;g è;ku j[ks fd og cgqr de ckrsa
tkurk gS] vius gh vkn'kZ ls og cgqr uhps gS vkSj mldh bPNk,¡ mldh ;ksX;rk ls dgha
c<+h gqbZ gSaA
([k) fpRr dh Lora=krk ls vfHkizk; gSµvius fu.kZ; Sflÿ¢ ysukA vkRefuHkZj cuuk] rkfd thou
esa liQy gks ldksA
(x) n`<+rkiwoZdA
(?k) tks ges'kk ,d u;k vxqvk <w¡<+dj mlosQ vuq;k;h cu tkrs gSaA
(Ä) viuk (Lo;a ij) Hkjkslk djukA
(p) viuh iRuh vkSj cPpksa dksA
2- (d) (ii) ([k) (iv) (x) (i) (?k) (iii) (Ä) (i)
ewY;ijd iz'u
thou osQ fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa liQyrk izkIr djus osQ fy, vkSj y{; dks gkfly djus esa O;fDr dks
xq.koku gksuk ”k:jh gSA ge vius thou esa ftu xq.kksa dks viukuk pkgsxa As os bl izdkj osQ gSµ
a
(d) bZekunkjh ([k) vkRe&fuHkZjrk
18
(x) prqjkbZ (?k) lw>&cw>
(Ä) lgu'khyrk (p) fuiq.krk
(N) cM+ksa dk lEeku (t) vkRe&laLdkjh
(>) e/qj O;ogkj (×k) n`<+ fu'p;] la;eh
(V) Lora=k jgdj lksp&fopkj djus rFkk vius fu.kZ; Lo;a ysus osQ xq.k
(B) ifjJeh (M) LokfHkekuh
(<) vkn'kZ pfj=k tSls xq.kksa dks /kj.k djsaxsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
bfrgkl rFkk lkfgR; osQ {ks=k osQ vusd mnkgj.kksa n~okjk ys[kd fln~/ djuk pkgrs gSa fd
vkRefuHkZjrk osQ dkj.k gh ,sfrgkfld egkiq#"kksa rFkk lkfgR;dkjksa us thou esa liQyrk izkIr dhA
fpRr&o`fRr osQ cy ij euq"; vusd dk;Z dj ldrs gSa_ tSlsµ
(d) os eqlhcrksa dk lkeuk dj ldrs gSaA
([k) os vkRelaLdkj osQ dk;Z ls mUufr izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
(x) os lalkj esa loZfiz;rk vkSj dhfrZ izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
(?k) os izyksHkuksa dk fuokj.k dj mUgsa in&nfyr dj ldrs gSAa
(Ä) os oqQea=k.kkvksa dk frjLdkj dj ldrs gSaA
(p) os 'kqn~/ pfj=k osQ yksxksa ls izse vkSj mudh j{kk dj ldrs gSaA
(N) os O;ogkj esa 'kkar vkSj lPps jg ldrs gSaA
(t) os mn~;ksxh vkSj vè;olk;h gks ldrs gSaA
bl fuca/ ls gesa ;g izsj.kk feyrh gS fd euq"; dks thou esa liQyrk izkIr djus osQ fy,
vkRefuHkZjrk osQ lkFk&lkFk uez] vè;olk;h vkfn Hkh gksuk pkfg,A
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- vkRecfynku vkRedY;k.k vkRef'k{kk vkRelaLdkj vkRedFkk
2- (d) lC”khokyk rk”kh&gjh lfC”k;k¡ csp jgk gSA
([k) ;g jax&fcjaxk lqanj diM+k e¡gxk gSA
(x) ioZrh; LFky ij vusd m¡Qph&uhph igkfM+;k¡ gksrh gSaA
(?k) og xksy&eVksy laqnj cPpk fdruk I;kjk yx jgk gSA
3- uezrk vgadkj dkseyrk o`QrKrk n`<+rk
mxzrk ftKklk Lora=krk izsj.kk mRlkg
19
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
cPps Lo;a vius vè;kid@vè;kfidk dh lgk;rk ls fy[ksaxsA
izLrqr fuca/ O;fDr dks vkRefuHkZj cuus osQ fy, fy[kk x;k gSA O;fDr dks vkRefuHkZj cuus
osQ fy, blh fpRr&o`fRr ;k lgh fpRr&o`fRr dh vko';drk gksrh gS] blfy, bl okD;ka'k dk
iz;ksx ckj&ckj fd;k x;k gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
µ uoha d{kk esa ¯gnh rFkk laLÑr fo"k; esa ls fdlh ,d dk pquko djus esa
µ X;kjgoha d{kk esa vius fo"k;ksa dk pquko djus esa
µ thou osQ y{;&fu/kZj.k esa
µ vius oL=kksa osQ pquko esa
µ viuh #fp dks fodflr djus esa
cPps Lo;a lkspdj fy[ksaxsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a Hkk"k.k rS;kj djsaxsA
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
20
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) ;qok dks fdl ckr dk lnSo è;ku j[kuk pkfg,\
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([k) ^fpRr dh Lora=krk* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\

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(x) rqylhnkl rFkk osQ'konkl esa D;k varj gS\

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(?k) fpRr&o`fRr osQ cy ij euq"; D;k djrk gS\

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(Ä) thou esa liQyrk izkIr djus osQ fy, fdu&fdu xq.kksa dh vko';drk gS\
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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 3×1 ¾ 3

^ûezrk gh Lora=krk dh /k=kh o ekrk gSA**
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3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa mfpr LFkkuksa ij uqDrk yxkb,µ ½ × 4 ¾ 2

(d) iSQlyk ([k) tTckr (x) detksjh (?k) rdktk
21
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) /k=kh µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
([k) fuHkZjrk µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(x) Kkuh µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(?k) y{;Hksn µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(Ä) izsj.kk µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls Hkkookpd laKk,¡ cukb,µ 1 ×3 ¾ 3
-----------------------
(d) 'kkar µ
-----------------------
([k) nfjnz µ
-----------------------
(x) fe=k µ
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×4 ¾ 4

(d) vk; µ ----------------------------
([k) xqIr µ ----------------------------
(x) vusdrk µ ----------------------------
(?k) vfHk'kki µ ----------------------------
4- uhps fn, x, vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×3 ¾ 3
(d) tks fdlh dk i{k u ys µ ----------------------------
([k) ftls dHkh cq<+kik u vk, µ ----------------------------
(x) ftldh dksbZ lhek u gks µ ----------------------------
22
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- fouezrk dks oqQN yksx de”kksjh le> ysrs gSaµD;k vki bl ckr ls lger gSa\ 5
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2- ^ Lokoyacu*µbl fo"k; ij 80&100 'kCnksa esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,A 5

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23
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ;qok dks lnSo bl ckr dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd og vius ls cM+ksa dk lEeku djs]
NksVksa vkSj cjkcj okyksa ls dkseyrk dk O;ogkj djsA bu lc ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk mloQh
vkRee;kZnk osQ fy, vR;ko';d gSA
([k) fpRr dh Lora=krk ls rkRi;Z vius O;ogkj esa dkseyrk ykus rFkk vius mn~ns';ksa dks mPp
j[kus ls gSA gesa vius eu dks lnSo ldkjkRed fopkjksa ls ifjiw.kZ rFkk thfor j[kuk pkfg,] rHkh ge
thou esa Å¡pk mB ldrs gSaA
(x) rqylhnkl rFkk osQ'konkl esa ewyr% vkRee;kZnk dh Hkkouk dk varj FkkA rqylhnkl th us
laiw.kZ lalkj esa osQoy viuh ekufld Lora=krk] fun~o±n~ork rFkk vkRefuHkZjrk osQ dkj.k gh
loZfiz;rk vkSj dhfrZ izkIr dhA ogha muosQ ledkyhu osQ'konkl viuh vkReLora=krk dh
deh osQ dkj.k thouHkj foyklh jktkvksa osQ gkFk dh dBiqryh cus jgs rFkk cqjs vatke osQ
f'kdkj gq,A
(?k) fpRr&o`fRr osQ cy ij euq"; ifjJe osQ lkFk fnu dkVrk gS vkSj nfjnzrk osQ nq[k dks >syrk
gS] ftlls mlosQ Kku&HkaMkj esa o`n~f/ gksrh gSA fpRr&o`fRr osQ izHkko ls euq"; izyksHkuksa dk
fuokj.k djrk gS rFkk 'kqn~/&pfj=k yksxksa ls izse rFkk mudh j{kk djrk gSA
(Ä) thou esa liQyrk izkIr djus osQ fy, Lokoyacu] uezrk] vè;olk; vkfn xq.kksa dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA
2- bl dFku dk vk'k; gS fd LoHkko rFkk pfj=k esa uezrk gh euq"; dks Lora=k&fpRr cukrh gSA
eu dh Lora=krk euq"; dks mnkj] {kek'khy cukus esa lgk;d gksrh gS] ftlls mlosQ pfj=k dk
fuekZ.k gksrk gSA
3- (d) I+kSQlyk ([k) t”ckr (x) de”kksjh (?k) rO+kQk”kk
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) /~ $ vk $ r~ $ j~ $ bZ
([k) u~ $ b $ j~ $ Hk~ $ v $ j~ $ v $ r~ $ vk
(x) t~ $ ×k~ $ vk $ u~ $ bZ
(?k) y~ $ v $ o~Q $ "k~ $ ;~ $ v $ Hk~ $ , $ n~ $ v
(Ä) i~ $ j~ $ , $ j~ $ v $ .k~ $ vk
2- (d) 'kkafr ([k) nfjnzrk (x) fe=krk
3- (d) O;; ([k) izdV (x) ,drk (?k) ojnku
4- (d) fu"i{k ([k) vtj (x) vlhe

24
4 og rksM+rh iRFkj
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) Hkkjh gFkkSM+s lsA
([k) #bZ dh Hkk¡frA
(x) dk;Z dh fujarjrk esa #dkoV vk tkukA
(?k) dfo us e”knwj ;qorh dh vk¡[kksa esa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fo"kerk osQ izfr fonzksg dks ns[kkA
fyf[kr
1- (d) dfo us e”knwj ;qorh dks bykgkckn osQ iFk ij iRFkj rksM+rs gq, ns[kkA
([k) ;qorh izpaM xehZ vkSj yw (xeZ gok) esa rirh /jrh ij cSBh dk;Z dj jgh FkhA
(x) ;qorh us lrk, tkus ij Hkh u jksus dk Hkko fy,] LokfHkeku osQ lkFk dfo dks ns[kkA
(?k) fujarj dk;Zjr jgdj izxfr dk jkLrk fn[kkukA
2- (d) tc&tc ns[kk] yksgk ns[kk vFkkZr~ dfo us ml ukjh dks tc Hkh ns[kk rc yksgs tSlk e”kcwr
rFkk n`<+ fu'p; ls iw.kZ ns[kkA ogha yksgk ftl izdkj rikdj xyk;k tkrk gS] mlh izdkj
mldk n`<+ :i curs dfo us ns[kkA
([k) ukjh osQ lanHkZ esa yksgs tSlk rius dk vFkZ gS mldk dfBu thou thrs gq, Hkh n`<+ fu'p;h
jgukA
(x) yksgk xykdj gh vyx&vyx vkdkj esa mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA
(?k) ukjh LoHkko uezrk ,oa xaHkhjrk dk izrhd gSA og vusd foifÙk;ksa rFkk dfBukb;ksa dks lgu
djrh gSA og yksgs dh Hkk¡fr izpaM vfXu esa ridj vnE; lkgl dk ifjp; nsrh gSA
ewY;ijd iz'u
e”knwjksa osQ thou esa dbZ leL;k,¡ gksrh gSAa mudh esgur ij gh cM+&s cM+s dkj[kkus] iSQDVjh] e'khus]a
lM+oQas ] bekjrs]a Hkou fVosQ gSAa lekt dk ,d oxZ lqfo/ktud thou thrk gSA thou osQ lHkh
,s'kks&vkjke mUgsa izkIr gSAa vr% ge e”knwjksa dks vHkkoxzLr n'kk esa ugha ns[k ldrs gSAa muosQ thou
esa lq/kj ykus osQ fy, ge ljdkj dks fuEufyf[kr lq>ko ns ldrs gSµ a
(i) e”knwjksa osQ fy, iDosQ fuokl dh O;oLFkk dke osQ LFkku osQ vkl&ikl gksuh pkfg,A
25
(ii) muosQ cPpksa osQ fy, i<+us&fy[kus dh lqfo/k ikl osQ LowQyksa esa gksuh pkfg,A
(iii) muosQ cPpksa dh I+kQhl ekI+kQ rFkk ;wuhiQkeZ] fdrkc&dkfi;ksa dh O;oLFkk eqÝr gksuh pkfg,A
lkFk gh mUgsa othI+kQk Hkh feyuk pkfg,A
(iv) osrueku mfpr gksuk pkfg,A e”knwjh nj fuf'pr gks rkfd dksbZ BsosQnkj 'kks"k.k u dj
losQA
(v) dke osQ ?kaVs fuf'pr gksa] tgk¡ dke djsa ogk¡ lw;Z dh jks'kuh@gok@ ihus osQ ikuh dk lgh
bartke gksA
(vi) f'kdk;r foHkkx gks] tgk¡ ij e”knwj vius ekfyd osQ f[kykI+kQ f'kdk;r ntZ djok losaQ]
mudh f'kdk;rksa dh lquokbZ Hkh fcuk fdlh Hksn&Hkko osQ gksA
(vii) Ms&ehy (Day-Meal) dh O;oLFkk gksA
(viii) izlokoLFkk esa NqVV~ h vkSj osru dh O;oLFkk gksA
(ix) e”knwjksa osQ NksVs&NksVs cPpksa osQ fy, ulZjh vk¡xuckM+h gks] tgk¡ ij cPps jg losaQA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius fopkj fy[ksaxsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius lans'k fy[ksaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- ^ltk lgt flrkj* esa ^l* o.kZ dh vko`fRr gqbZ gSA blls dkO;&iafDr esa peRdkj mRiUu gksrk
gSA ûr u;u* rFkk ^ns[krs ns[kk* esa Hkh Øe'k% û* o ^n* o.kZ dh vko`fRr gqbZ gSA
3- [kjhnnkj fdjk;snkj Fkkusnkj iQynkj otunkj
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
dfork esa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fo"kerk (ifjos'k) dks bl rjg fpf=kr fd;k x;k gS fd og
,d ltho thoar ifjos'k dks mn~?kkfVr djrk gSA okLro esa] fpf=kr ifjn`'; fdlh fuf'pr LFkku
;k dLcs dk ugha] cfYd laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa loZ=k O;kIr gSA gekjk lekt vkt Hkh dbZ o.kks± vkSj
oxks± esa foHkDr gSA lekt dk ,d oxZ rks lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dk miHkksx djrs gq, Hkksx&foykl
esa eLr jgrk gS vkSj ,d cgqr cM+k oxZ viuh thfodk osQ fy, izfrowQy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ihM+k
lgrs gq, la?k"kZ dk thou O;rhr djrk gSA bl foo'krk esa gh muosQ thou dh ijkdk"Bk gSA
26
dfork esa dfo us mPpoxZ dk rFkk e”knwj ;qorh us fuEuoxZ dk izfrfuf/Ro fd;k gS] ftldk
thou vusd =kklfn;ksa ls f?kjk gSA og fonzkgs h izÑfr dh gS rFkk ;qok gksus osQ dkj.k oS;fDrd
fo"kerkvksa esa u my>dj mudk lkeuk djus esa l{ke gSA vnE; lkgl ls Hkjh gqbZ ;qorh eè;kg~u
dk iz[kj lgrh gqbZ tc thfodksiktZu gsrq iRFkj rksMr+ h gS] rc thou dh dBksj okLrfodrk uXu
:i esa lkeus vk [kM+h gksrh gSA mlosQ us=kksa esa lekfgr xkaHkh;Z o LokfHkeku osQoy mldk ugha]
oju lHkh fuEuoxhZ; yksxksa dk gSA nwljh vksj] 'kgjh vV~Vkfydk,¡ >wBh 'kku dk izrhd gSAa budk
var% thou fjDr rFkk ckg~; thou pdkpkS/ a ls Hkjk gSA nksuksa lektksa dk varj feVkuk lgt ugha gSA
cPps Lo;a dfork i<+dj vius vè;kid dh lgk;rk ls djsaxsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
vks ek¡! fd/j pyh tkrh gks\
eq>s u mBkdj]
D;ksa cnjax b±Vsa mBkrh gksA
D;k eq>ls Hkh vf/d rqEgsa]
;s b±Vsa I;kjh gSaA
tks f>M+ddj eq>s]
;s flj ij yknh gSaA
dk'k! eSa Hkh b±V gksrk]
rks gj iy rqEgkjk Lusgµ
eSa ikrkA
dHkh flj ij Bqedrk]
rks dHkh lhus ls fyiVrkA
dk'k] eSa Hkh b±V gksrk!
vc nq[kh Loj esa ek¡ cksyhµ
csVk u dksl bu b±Vksa dksA
lk¡> gksrs gh rsjh ek¡ rq>s]
fiQj fey tk,xhA
cl ;s le> ys ¯”knxh]
nks ikVksa esa cVh gSA
nh;k tys ;k u tys]
pwYgk tyuk ”k:jh gSA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
27
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) ys[kd us bykgkckn osQ iFk ij D;k ns[kk\
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([k) iRFkj rksM+us okyh ;qorh oSQlh fn[krh Fkh\

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(x) og fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iRFkj rksM+ jgh Fkh\

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(?k) bl dfork dk D;k mn~ns'; gS\

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(Ä) ^<qyd ekFks ls fxjs lhdj* dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\

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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) tks ekj [kk jksbZ ughaA
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([k) ^êSa rksM+rh iRFkj!**

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28
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr js[kkafdr 'kCnksa osQ opu cnydj okD;ksa dks nksckjk fyf[k,µ 1 × 5 ¾ 5
(d) esjh vk¡[kksa ls lkou dh >M+h yx xbZA
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([k) mUgksaus :lh ys[kd dh dgkuh lqukbZA

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(x) eSaus lM+d fdukjs ,d efgyk dks iRFkj rksM+rs ns[kkA

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(?k) egfI+kQyksa esa vusd dof;f=k;ksa us viuh u”e lqukbZA

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(Ä) rwus ge lcdks gjk fn;kA

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2- leLr&in dk foxzg dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) jktiq=k µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) /wyHkjs µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) izfrfnu µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ekrk&firk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) deyu;u µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rRle :i fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) vkx µ ----------------------- ([k) ekFkk µ -----------------------
(x) dku µ ----------------------- ( ?k) gkFk µ -----------------------
(Ä) dke µ -----------------------
29
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- lekt osQ fiNM+s oxZ osQ fo"k; esa vkiosQ D;k fopkj gSa\ 5
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2- vkius nqdkuksa esa] ?kjksa esa NksVs cPpksa dks e”knwjh djrs ns[kk gksxkA D;k vki bls lgh ekurs
gSa\ fyf[k,A 5
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30
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ys[kd us bykgkckn osQ iFk ij ,d e”knwj ;qorh dks ns[kk] tks izpaM xjeh esa iRFkj rksM+
jgh FkhA
([k) iRFkj rksM+us okyh ;qorh ';ke o.kkZ FkhA mldh vk¡[ksa >qdh gqb± rFkk mldk eu dke esa
eXu FkkA gkFk esa Hkkjh gFkkSM+k fy, gq, og cM+s&cM+s iRFkj rksM+ jgh FkhA
(x) og ;qorh bykgkckn dh lM+d ij cSBh izpaM xjeh esa] >qylkrh gqbZ yw rFkk /wy ls Hkjh
xje gokvksa esa iRFkj rksM+us dk dk;Z dj jgh FkhA
(?k) bl dfork oQk mn~ns'; ge lcdks izfrowQy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh fcuk #osQ dk;Z djus dh
izsj.kk nsuk gSA ”k:jh ugha fd gesa thou esa lnk lq[k gh feysa] dbZ ckj d"Vksa dks Hkh >syuk
iM+rk gSA
(Ä) ^<qyd ekFks ls fxjs lhdj*µdk rkRi;Z gS fd izpaM xjeh esa esgur dk dke djrs gq, ml
;qorh osQ ekFks ls ilhus dh cw¡nsa uhps yq<+drh gSaA
2- (d) bl iafDr dk vk'k; gS fd iRFkj rksM+rh ml ;qorh oQh vk¡[kksa esa ijkt; ;k nq[k osQ Hkko
ugha FksA mlus thou osQ d"Vksa dks lgrs gq, Hkh gkj ugha ekuh FkhA
([k) bl iafDr esa dfo ekuks ml ;qorh dh euksn'kk dks O;Dr djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA og
;qorh lgt] vijkftr vk¡[kksa ls vius thou dh lPpkbZ dks Lohdkj djrh gSA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) esjh vk¡[k ls lkou dh >M+h yx xbZA
([k) mUgksaus :lh ys[kdksa dh dgkfu;k¡ lqukb±A
(x) geus lM+d fdukjs vusd efgykvksa dks iRFkj rksM+rs ns[kkA
(?k) egfI+kQy esa ,d dof;=kh us viuh u”e lqukbZA
(Ä) rwus eq>dks gjk fn;kA
2- (d) jktk dk iq=k ([k) /wy ls Hkjs (x) izR;sd fnu
(?k) ekrk vkSj firk (Ä) dey osQ leku u;u gSa ftlosQ
3- (d) vfXu ([k) eLrd (x) d.kZ (?k) gLr (Ä) deZ

31
5 dk'k] eSa
eksVjlkbfdy gksrk!
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) eSa dgk¡ gw¡\
([k) mldk nk;k¡ gkFk vkSj Vk¡x dh gM~Mh VwV xbZ FkhA
(x) Mªkboj ckojnh] ckeqykfg”kk] gksf'k;kj fdLe dk vkneh FkkA
(?k) cSyxkM+h dkA
fyf[kr
1- (d) ys[kd viuh ubZ eksVj lkbfdy ls lSj osQ fy, lM+d ij tk jgk Fkk fd ,d Vªd mldh
eksVj lkbfdy dks ihNs ls VDdj ekjdj fudy x;kA bl izdkj ys[kd osQ lkFk ;g
nq?kZVuk ?kfVr gqbZA
([k) gks'k esa vkus ij ys[kd us Lo;a dks ukyh esa ik;kA nq?kZVuk osQ dkj.k mldh Vk¡x dh gM~Mh
njd xbZ Fkh vkSj nk;k¡ gkFk Hkh VwV x;k FkkA
(x) nq?kZVuk osQ dkj.k ys[kd dh eksVj lkbfdy dh gkyr cgqr [kjkc gks xbZ FkhA og txg&txg
ls VwV&iwQV xbZ FkhA
(?k) ys[kd vjktdrk] fj'or[kksjh] Ny&iziap vkfn osQ opZLo dh vksj è;ku fnykuk pkgrk
gSA
(Ä) iQ”khZ fcy cukdjA
2- cPps Lo;a ikB i<+dj djsaxsA
ewY;ijd iz'u
Hkkjr th osQ ?kj esa ys[kd osQ lkFk tks oqQN gqvk] og mfpr ugha FkkA ekuork dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr
th dks ys[kd osQ lkFk lgkuqHkwfr j[kuh pkfg, Fkh] mlosQ nq[k] nnZ dks le>uk pkfg, Fkk] u
fd ?kk;y voLFkk esa Hkh nq?kZVukxzLr O;fDr dks ukSdj cukdj ?kj osQ lkjs dk;Z twBs crZu] liQkbZ
oxSjg djokuh pkfg, FkhA mls ys[kd dks chek oaQiuh osQ ,tsaV dh enn ls dekbZ dk tfj;k
ugha cukuk pkfg, FkkA lekt esa ^Hkkjr* tSls diVh] LokFkhZ] fo'okl?kkrh vkSj ykyph yksx gh
balkfu;r osQ uke dks dyafdr djrs gSaA
32
chek vI+kQlj dk ys[kd dks c/kbZ vkSj O;k[;ku nsuk gekjh u”kjksa esa fcYkoqQy mi;qDr ugha gSA
chek oaQiuh osQ vI+kQlj dks ys[kd osQ nq?kZVukxzLr gksus dh [kcj feyhA mls ekywe Fkk fd ys[kd
dh ,d Vk¡x dh gM~Mh VwV pqdh gS] nwljh Vk¡x esa njd vk xbZ gS] nk;k¡ gkFk Hkh VwV x;k gSA
,sls esa mlls lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkuh pkfg, Fkh] mldh gj izdkj ls enn djuh pkfg, Fkh] ijarq
mlus vius drZO; dk ikyu u djosQ fj'or[kksjh] Ny&iziap] iQthZ fcy cukdj ?kk;y O;fDr
dh n'kk dks vkSj Hkh vf/d fcxkM+dj oaQiuh ls iSlk olwyh dk ekè;e cuk;kA og ys[kd
dks c/kbZ nsrk gSA nqckjk nq?kZVuk bykgkckn esa djsa rks mlosQ ejus ij iwjs ifjokj dks ekyk&eky
djus vkSj eksVj lkbfdy dks u;k djus dh ckr dgrk gS] ftlls mldh LokFkZ&Hkkouk fn[krh
gSA mlosQ bl dFku ls rks ,slk yxrk gS] tSls ys[kd us tku&cw>dj oaQiuh ls iSlk ysus osQ
fy, viuk ,DlhMsaV fd;k gksA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
eksVj lkbfdy dh ejEer ls chek •$»§‚⁄U us tks jde fudkyh mldk nks&frgkbZ feL=kh vkSj
chek •$»§‚⁄U us vkil esa ck¡V fy;k vkSj ,d frgkbZ ys[kd vkSj Hkkjr osQ chp c¡Vok fn;kA
nq?kZVuk osQ dkj.k ys[kd dh Vk¡x dh gM~Mh esa njd vk xbZ Fkh vkSj nk;k¡ gkFk VwV x;k FkkA Hkkjr
uke dk O;fDr >wBh gennhZ fn[kkdj mls ?kj ys x;k vkSj tjkZg dks cqykdj mlosQ ftLe esa
oqQN [kifPp;k¡ c¡/okbZ vkSj ukSdj dh rjg mlls ?kj dk dke djok;kA m/j chek ∑¢§¬ŸË okyksa
us mldh nq?kZVukxzLr eksVj lkbfdy dk dk;kdYi dj fn;k FkkA og ubZ xkM+h ls Hkh ”;knk ubZ
yxus yxh FkhA bl izdkj Hkkjr n~okjk vius bykt vkSj chek ∑¢§¬ŸË n~okjk eksVj lkbfdy osQ
dk;kdYi dh rqyuk djus ij ys[kd dks eksVj lkbfdy dh fdLer viuh fdLer ls vf/d
vPNh yxhA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) drkZ dkjd ([k) dj.k dkjd (x) vf/dj.k dkjd
(?k) viknku dkjd (Ä) laiznku dkjd (p) deZ dkjd
(N) laca/ dkjd (t) drkZ dkjd (>) lacks/u dkjd
2- cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
;fn gesas bl ys[k dk 'kh"kZd j[kuk gks] rks ge bldk 'kh"kZd ^Hkz"Vkpkj* j[krs] D;ksafd bl
O;aX;kRed ys[k osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd us vjktdrk] fj'or[kksjh] Ny&iziap vkSj Hkz"V viQljksa
osQ opZLo dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
33
^Jhyky 'kqDy* n~okjk fyf[kr ys[k ^dk'k] eSa eksVj lkbfdy gksrk!* esa nq?kZVuk dks Hkh dekbZ dk
lk/u cuk ysus okyksa ij ,d djkjk O;aX; fd;k x;k gSA chek oaQiuh okys iQ”khZ fcy cukdj
oaQiuh ls iSlk olwy djrs gSaA ys[kd us c<+rh vjktdrk] fj'or[kksjh] Ny&iziap vkfn dh vksj
iz'kklu dk è;ku osaQfnzr djus osQ mn~ns'; ls bl O;aX;kRed ys[k dh jpuk dh gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
;fn jkLrs esa dksbZ LowQVj lokj cPps dks ?kk;y djosQ Hkkx tkrk gS] rks ge loZiFz ke mldh izkFkfed
fpfdRlk oQjsaxs_ tSlsµmlosQ ?kkoksas ij dksbZ ‚Ê$»§ diM+k ck¡/dj [kwu dks cgus ls jksosaQxs] fiQj
mls fdlh u”knhd osQ vLirky esa ys tkdj mldk bykt djok,saxsA nq?kZVukxzLr ckyd ;fn
cksyus dh fLFkfr esa gS] rks mlls mlosQ ?kj dk uacj ysdj mlosQ ifjokj okyksa dks lwfpr djsaxs
rFkk muosQ vkus rd ?kk;y cPps dh ns[k&js[k djsaxsA
cPps Lo;a vius&vius fopkj ls mRrj nsaxsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa

orZeku ;qx esa izR;sd ml oLrq dk chek fd;k tkrk gS] tks mi;ksx dh n`f"V ls vko';d ,oa
egRRoiw.kZ gSA chek fuEufyf[kr ph”kksa dk gksrk gSµ
(d) O;kolkf;d ,oa futh okguksa dk chekA
([k) nqdkuksa ,oa xksnkeksa esa j[ks eky ,oa ?kj osQ lkeku dk chekA
(x) Vªdksa ,oa jsyksa n~okjk ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku Hksts tkus okys lkeku dk chekA
(?k) blosQ vfrfjDr O;fDr viuk futh chek Hkh djok ldrs gSa ftlesa thou chek eq[; gSA
bl {ks=k esa fuEufyf[kr oaQifu;k¡ dk;Z dj jgh gSµ
1- fjyk;al oaQiuh 2- VkVk oaQiuh
3- vksfj,aVy ba';ksjsal oaQiuh 4- ctkt
5- ,púMhú,iQúlhú 6- dksVd egsanzk
vU; dbZ oaQifu;k¡ bl {ks=k esa dk;Zjr gSaA
okLro esa thou chek ,d lqj{kk gS] tks vfuf'prrk osQ bl nkSj esa O;fDr dks Hkfo"; dh vksj
ls fu¯'pr djrh gSA thou chek dh izfØ;k le;&vof/ osQ fy, gSA ;g vof/ 10 o"kZ]
20 o"kZ rFkk blls vf/d o"kks± osQ fy, Hkh miyC/ gSA ;fn fuf'pr vof/ ls iwoZ chek/kjd
dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS] rks chek dh jkf'k mlosQ vkfJrksa dks chek oaQiuh vnk djrh gS vkSj ;fn
chek/kjd nq?kZVukxzLr gks tkrk gS] rks Hkh mlosQ bykt dk [kpZ chek oaQiuh gh ogu djrh
gSA bl izdkj thou chek chek/kjd osQ thoudky rFkk mlosQ i'pkr~ Hkh mlosQ vkfJrksa dks
ykHk igq¡pkrh gSA
34
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) ys[kd dh csgks'kh dc xk;c gks xbZ\
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([k) ys[kd osQ lkFk nq?kZVuk fdl izdkj ?kVh\

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(x) ys[kd us cSyxkM+h dk bar”kke djus osQ fy, D;ksa dgk\

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(?k) eksVjlkbfdy dks ys[kd osQ lkFk D;ksa ugha Hkstk tk ldrk Fkk\
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(Ä) chek vI+kQlj us ys[kd dks D;k fgnk;r nh\

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2- fdlus] fdlls dgk\ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) ^êSa dgk¡ gw¡\** --------------------------- ---------------------------
([k) ^^?kcjkvks ugha HkkbZ] >xM+k tqfjfLMD'ku dk gSA** --------------------------- ---------------------------
(x) ^^pk; fey ldrh gS\** --------------------------- ---------------------------
(?k) ^^'kk;n rqEgkjk nk;k¡ gkFk VwV x;k gSA** --------------------------- ---------------------------
(Ä) ^^,DlhMsaV esa vki ej tk,¡] rc Hkh dksbZ ckr ughaA** --------------------------- ---------------------------
35
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr inksa osQ dkjd osQ uke fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) ek¡ ros ij jksfV;k¡ cuk jgh gSaA µ ----------------------------
([k) cPpksa dks er Mk¡VksA µ ----------------------------
(x) eSa iQy [kjhnus osQ fy, ck”kkj xbZA µ ----------------------------
(?k) Hkhe us nq;ksZ/u dk o/ fd;kA µ ----------------------------
(Ä) vk¡/h pyus ij o`{k ls iRrs >jrs gSaA µ ----------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa oQk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) gennZ µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
([k) O;k[;ku µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(x) bar”kke µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(?k) rkTtqc µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(Ä) ,acqysal µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) Hkjkslk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) bar”kkj µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) rkTtqc µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) gennhZ µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) nq?kZVuk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- ys[kd bl O;aX; ys[k osQ n~okjk D;k crkuk pkgrs gSa\ 5

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2- vktdy vke turk lM+d nq?kZVuk osQ ihfM+rksa dh enn djus ls drjkrh gSA vki bl
leL;k dk D;k lek/ku lksp ldrs gSa\ 5
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37
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) tc ys[kd dks ;g crk;k x;k fd mldh eksVjlkbfdy VwV xbZ gS] rc mldh csgks'kh
,dne xk;c gks xbZA
([k) ys[kd ,d vtuch lM+d ij viuh eksVjlkbfdy ls tk jgk Fkk fd ,d Vªd mldh
eksVjlkbfdy dks Nwrk gqvk fudy x;kA bl izdkj ys[kd osQ lkFk nq?kZVuk ?kVhA
(x) ys[kd tc nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj gksdj ?kk;y voLFkk esa lM+d ij iM+k Fkk] dksbZ mldh enn
ugha dj jgk FkkA ,acqysal Hkh tqfjfLMD'ku osQ dkj.k mldks fcuk fy, gh pyh xbZ FkhA
blfy, ys[kd us cSyxkM+h dk bar”kke djus dks dgkA
(?k) eksVjlkbfdy dks ys[kd osQ lkFk blfy, ugha Hkstk tk ldrk Fkk] D;ksafd ys[kd izrkix<+
dh ”kehu ij fxjs Fks vkSj mudh eksVjlkbfdy bykgkckn f”kys dh ”kehu ijA dkuwu osQ
vuqlkj ys[kd dk bykt izrkix<+ esa gksuk Fkk rFkk eksVjlkbfdy dh ejEer bykgkckn esaA
(Ä) chek vI+kQlj us ys[kd dks ;g fgnk;r nh fd ;fn muosQ lkFk vxyh nq?kZVuk gks rks os
Hkh bykgkckn esa gh fxjsaA vI+kQlj mudk rFkk mudh eksVj lkbfdy dk iwjk [k;ky j[ksaxsA
;gk¡ rd fd ;fn ys[kd ,DlhMsaV esa ej Hkh tk,¡ rks Hkh chek okys ys[kd osQ ?kjokyksa dks
ekykeky dj nsaxsA
2- (d) ys[kd us vklikl [kM+s yksxksa ls ([k) yacs psgjs okys O;fDr us ys[kd ls
( x ) ys[kd us yacs&psgjs okys O;fDr ls (?k) HkhM+ esa ls ,d O;fDr us ys[kd ls
(Ä) chek vI+kQlj us ys[kd ls
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) vf/dj.k dkjd ([k) deZ dkjd (x) laiznku dkjd
(?k) drkZ dkjd (Ä) viknku dkjd
2- (d) g~ $ v $ e~ $ v $ n~ $ v $ j~ $ n~ $ v
([k) o~ $ ;~ $ vk $ [k~ $ ;~ $ vk $ u~ $ v
(x) b $ u~ $ r~ $ v $ ”k~ $ vk $ e~ $ v
(?k) r~ $ vk $ t~ $ t~ $ m $ c~ $ v
(Ä) , $ e~ $ c~ $ m $ y~ $ , $ u~ $ l~ $ v
3- (d) gesa dHkh fdlh dk Hkjkslk ugha rksM+uk pkfg,A
([k) eq>s ml fnu dk bar”kkj gS tc esjk ns'k nfjnzrk osQ paxqy ls vk”kkn gksxkA
(x) rkTtqc gS fd rqEgsa oqQN irk gh ugha pykA
(?k) gesa xjhcksa ls gennhZ j[kuh pkfg,A
(Ä) thou esa dksbZ ,slh nq?kZVuk ugha] ftlls euq"; mcj u losQA

38
6 ,d Fkk jke
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) igys udy dh vkSj fiQj vè;kid dk vieku fd;kA
([k) Nk=k ls i- QkeZ Hkjok;k tkrk gS ftlesa og udy djus dh ckr fy[kdj Lohdkjrk gSA
(x) rqEgsa vius O;ogkj ij 'keZ vkuh pkfg,A
(?k) jke us ,d ,sls vè;kid dk vieku fd;k Fkk ftudk lHkh lEeku djrs FksA
fyf[kr
1- (d) jke us xf.kr dh ijh{kk esa udy dh FkhA tc idM+k x;k] rks mlus vè;kid osQ lkFk
cqjk O;ogkj fd;kA
([k) jke us vius vè;kid osQ lkFk cqjk O;ogkj fd;k Fkk] blfy, firk th us mls Mk¡VkA
(x) jke us fu'p; fd;k fd og vius vè;kid ls ◊Ê$»§Ë ek¡xsxkA ◊Ê$»§Ë ek¡xus osQ fu'p; osQ
lkFk gh mlus ;g Hkh fu'p; dj fy;k fd og Hkkuq'kadj] f=kHkqou vkSj eksgu tSls lkfFk;ksa
dks NksM+ nsxk] ftuosQ dkj.k mlosQ LoHkko esa nks"k vk x;k FkkA
(?k) oqQlaxfr osQ dkj.kA
2- (d) (i) ([k) (iv) (x) (ii) (?k) (iii) (Ä) (ii)
ewY;ijd iz'u
gk¡! cpiu esa ge d{kk esa CySd cksMZ ij fdlh Hkh vè;kid dk dkVwZu cukdj tks d{kk esa i<+krs
Fks] muosQ dFku dks ^T;ksa osQ R;ksa* fy[kdj mudk etkd mM+krs FksA dHkh&dHkh rks vè;kid osQ
i<+kus dh udy djrs] rks dHkh Mk¡Vus osQ vank”k esa vius lgikfB;ksa ls ckr djrs_ tSlsµ^^rqeus
ikB ;kn ugha fd;kA [kM+s gks tkvks! pyks! vcdh NksM+ nsrk gw¡ vxj vxyh ckj ;kn ugha fd;k
rks eqxkZ cuk nw¡xkA** ge lHkh uV[kV FksA ,d fnu rks eSa idM+k gh x;kA ftu vè;kid dh udy
eSa mrkj jgk Fkk] ncs ik¡o esjs ihNs vkdj os dc [kM+s gks x,] eq>s ekywe u pykA eSa viuh
gh /qu esa cksys tk jgk Fkk fd ihNs ls ,d gkFk us esjs dku dks idM+kA tc eqM+dj ns[kk rks
lkeus vè;kid----cki js-----cki------esjs rks gks'k mM+ x,A lHkh lgikBh eq¡g uhps djosQ g¡lus yxsA
39
eSaus vius I;kjs vè;kid ls ekiQh ek¡xh vkSj dgk Sorry Sir! Please. vc udy ugha d:¡xkA
pwf¡ d eSa i<+us vkSj LowQy osQ gj dk;ZØe esa Hkkx ysrk Fkk] vè;kid th us eq>s ekI+kQ dj fn;k
vkSj dgk] csVk! bl LFkku ij [kM+s gksus osQ fy, cgqr i<+kbZ vkSj esgur djuh gksxhA gk¡! ,d
'krZ ij ekiQh nw¡xk] tc rqe okf"kZd fonkbZ lekjksg esa ckjgoha d{kk osQ fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ le{k
lcdh udy djosQ lcdks g¡lkvksxsA eSaus gk¡! dgk vkSj lhV ij cSB x;kA blls nwljs Nk=kksa us
Hkh ,slk u djus dk iz.k fy;kA
;fn esjk fe=k dksbZ xyr dke djrk gS ;k cqjh laxfr esa i¡Ql tkrk gS] rks esjk lcls igyk
drZO; ;g gks tkrk gS fd mls lgh jkLrs ij ykm¡QA eq>s irk gS fd oqQlaxfr ,d ,slk nyny
gS ftlesa dksbZ Hkh izos'k djs] mldk ckgj fudyuk dfBu gks tkrk gS] ysfdu vlaHko ughaA mls
le>k;k tk ldrk gS fd xyr dke ;k cqjh laxfr pfj=k dks u"V dj nsrs gSaA blls dksbZ ykHk
rks fcyoqQy ugha gksrk] gkfu;k¡&gh&gkfu;k¡ gksrh gSaA pfj=k osQ u"V gks tkus ij O;fDr oqQN Hkh
ugha dj ldrkA mls mfpr&vuqfpr dk Kku djokdj lq/kjk tk ldrk gSA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
gesa oqQlaxfr dks R;kx dj vPNs yksxksa dk lax djuk pkfg,A
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) lq $ laxfr ¾ lqlaxfr ([k) vi $ dkj ¾ vidkj
(x) fuj~ $ vijk/ ¾ fujijk/ (?k) ijk $ t; ¾ ijkt;
(Ä) fo $ Hko ¾ foHko (p) Lo $ v/hu ¾ Lok/hu
2- (d) Lok/hu (d) vR;kf/d
([k) ijk/hu ([k) ;n~;fi
(x) fgeka'kq (x) erkuqlkj
(?k) lkjka'k (?k) vè;{k
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
esjs fopkj ls jke us vius vè;kid ls ◊Ê$»§Ë bl izdkj ◊Ê°ªË gksxhµ
lj]
vki Ñi;k eq>s ◊Ê$»§ dj nhft,] D;ksafd eSaus vKkurko'k xyr nksLrksa Hkkuq'kadj] f=kHkqou vkSj
eksgu dk lkFk fd;k ftldh otg ls esjs LoHkko esa nks"k vk x;kA Iyht lj! vki eq>s ◊Ê$»§
40
dhft,] vc eSa fiQj dHkh ,slk ugha ∑§M°§ªÊA vc eSa [kwc eu yxkdj i<+kbZ ∑§M°§ªÊ vkSj vPNs&vPNs
fe=kksa osQ lkFk jgw¡xkA rc vè;kid us [kq'k gksdj jke dks ◊Ê$»§ dj fn;k gksxk vkSj dgk gksxk
fd eq>s rqels ,slh gh mEehn gSA
uksV% pw¡fd ;g mRrj ekSf[kd gh le>k;k tk ldrk gS] fiQj Hkh cPpksa dh lqfo/kuqlkj fn;k tk jgk
gSA bldk vU; mRrj Hkh ns ldrs gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
;fn eSa jke dh txg gksrk rks igyh ckr rks eSa udy djrk gh ugha] vxj eSaus FkksM+h cgqr udy
dj Hkh yh] rks eSa idM+s tkus ij muls cnreh”kh ugha djrk] cfYd 'kjkI+kQr ls viuh xyrh
dks Lohdkj dj ysrk vkSj vkxs ls fiQj ,slk u djus dk oknk djrkA
esjk ◊Ê$»§Ë ek¡xus dk rjhdk oqQN bl izdkj ls gksrkµ
vknj.kh; vè;kid th!
xf.kr fo"k; esa de”kksj gksus rFkk vius LokFkhZ fe=kksa osQ cgdkos esa vkus osQ dkj.k esjs O;ogkj
esa nks"k vk x;kA vkius esjk Hkyk pkgrs gq, eq>s lgh jkLrk fn[kk;k] ij eSaus vkos'k esa vkdj
vkidk vieku fd;kA tc eq>s vkRecks/ gqvk rks eSa cgqr yfTtr gqvk] D;ksafd vkidk lHkh
lEeku djrs gSa vkSj eSaus vkidk vieku fd;kA vki eq>s fu"dkflr Hkh djok ldrs Fks] ijarq
vkius ,slk ugha fd;kA eSa cgqr 'kfe±nk gw¡A Ñi;k eq>s {kek djsaA eSa fo'okl fnykrk gw¡ fd eSa
dHkh udy ugha ∑§M°§ªÊA ifjJe djosQ vPNs vad izkIr ∑§M°§ªÊA eSa lnk vkidk vkHkkjh jgw¡xkA
{kekizkFkhZ
dú[kúxú
cPps Lo;a viuh dYiuk ls crk,¡xsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa

cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
41
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) jke osQ firk us dM+ddj jke ls D;k iwNk\
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([k) jke us D;k xyrh dh Fkh\

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(x) ^LokFkZ* dk D;k nq"ifj.kke gksrk gS\

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(?k) jke fdudh oqQlaxfr esa iM+ x;k Fkk\

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(Ä) var esa jke us D;k fu'p; fd;k\

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2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk muosQ vFkZ osQ lkFk feyku dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) cgdkok (i) Hkys&cqjs dk Kku
([k) ladksp (ii) ckgj fd;k gqvk
(x) i'pkrki (iii) iNrkok
(?k) fu"dkflr (iv) vleatl
(Ä) foosd (v) Hkqykok
42
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ vkxs mfpr milxZ yxkdj u, 'kCn cukb,µ 1×4 ¾ 4
(d) ----------------------- $ O;oLFkk ¾ -----------------------
([k) ----------------------- $ laxfr ¾ -----------------------
(x) ----------------------- $ eku ¾ -----------------------
(?k) ----------------------- $ okl ¾ -----------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ 1×4 ¾ 4
(d) myVk pksj dksroky dks Mk¡Vs µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) eq¡g mrj tkuk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) iwQyk u lekuk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) vkx&ccwyk gksuk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks vusdkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1×4 ¾ 4
(d) i=k µ ----------------------- -----------------------
([k) ?kV µ ----------------------- -----------------------
(x) d.kZ µ ----------------------- -----------------------
(?k) Hksn µ ----------------------- -----------------------
4- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×3 ¾ 3

(d) vk; µ ------------------------
([k) ojnku µ ------------------------
(x) g"kZ µ ------------------------
43
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- vkius Hkh dHkh vius vè;kid dks iyVdj tokc fn;k gksxk] D;k ckn esa vkidks viuh
xyrh ij iNrkok gqvk\ D;k vkius mlosQ fy, ekI+kQh ek¡xh\ 5
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2- vius fiz;@vkn'kZ f'k{kd osQ fo"k; esa 80&100 'kCnksa esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,A vki mUgsa viuk
vkn'kZ f'k{kd D;ksa ekurs gSa\ 5
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44
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) jke osQ firk us dM+ ddj jke ls iwNk] ^^D;k vkt rqedks rqEgkjs xf.kr osQ vè;kid jfo'kadj
th us udy djrs gq, idM+k Fkk\**
([k) jke us cgqr cM+h xyrh dh FkhA xf.kr mldk de”kksj fo"k; Fkk] blfy, oqQN yM+dksa osQ
cgdkos esa vkdj og udy dj jgk FkkA idM+s tkus ij mlus vè;kid th osQ lkFk Å¡ph
vkok”k esa cnlywdh dh FkhA
(x) ^LokFkZ* dk ;g nq"ifj.kke gksrk gS fd vkneh viuk foosd [kks cSBrk gSA mls mfpr&vuqfpr
dk Kku ugha jg tkrk gSA
(?k) jke vius fon~;ky; esa i<+us okys Hkkuq'kadj] f=kHkqou rFkk eksgu dh oqQlaxfr esa iM+ x;k
FkkA ;s lc laiUu ifjokj ls Fks rFkk budks i<+us&fy[kus dh dksbZ fpark ugha FkhA
(Ä) var esa jke us vius vè;kid th ls ekI+kQh ek¡xus dk fu'p; fd;kA lkFk gh] mlus ;g Hkh
fu'p; fd;k fd og mu cqjs yM+dksa dk lkFk NksM+ nsxk ftuosQ dkj.k mlosQ LoHkko esa
nks"k vk x;k gSA
2- (d) cgdkok (v) Hkqykok
([k) ladksp (iv) vleatl
(x) i'pkrki (iii) iNrkok
(?k) fu"dkflr (ii) ckgj fd;k gqvk
(Ä) foosd (i) Hkys&cqjs dk Kku
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) lq $ O;oLFkk ¾ lqO;oLFkk ([k) oqQ $ laxfr ¾ oqQlaxfr
(x) le~ $ eku ¾ lEeku (?k) iz $ okl ¾ izokl
2- (d) viuk nks"k nwljs ij e<+uk ([k) mnkl gks tkuk
(x) cgqr [kq'k gksuk (?k) cgqr Øksf/r gksuk
3- (d) iRrk] fpV~Bh ([k) ?kM+k] 'kjhj
(x) dku] oqaQfr dk T;s"B iq=k (?k) Hkkx] vyx
4- (d) O;; ([k) vfHk'kki (x) 'kksd

45
7 nks iaNh
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) mlus dgkµvkvks] ge nksuksa feydj ou esa pysaA
([k) og fl[kk,&i<+k, xhr ugha xkuk pkgrkA
(x) mM+us dh 'kfDrA
fyf[kr
1- (d) nksuksa iafN;ksa osQ jgu&lgu esa ,d cM+k varj ;g Fkk fd ou dk iaNh Lora=k thou thus
dk vknh Fkk rFkk fiatjs dk iaNh fiatjs dh lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dk Hkksx djrk FkkA
([k) ou osQ iaNh us fiatjs esa can iaNh ls fiatjs dks R;kx dj ou esa pyus dks dgkA
(x) fiatjs osQ iaNh us viuh ;g etcwjh crkbZ fd mlosQ ia[kksa esa mM+us dh 'kfDr (lkeF;Z)
ugha gSA
(?k) ikl&vkvksA
2- (d) (i) ([k) (iv) (x) (iv) (?k) (iii) (Ä) (ii)
ewY;ijd iz'u
vkylh vkSj ijra=krk dk thou thus okyksa dks ge ;g lans'k nsuk pkgsaxs fd ijra=krk vkSj
vkylh thou ogh yksx thuk pkgsaxs] ftUgsa lq[k&lqfo/k dh pkg gksxh] tks nwljksa dh jVh&jVkbZ
ckr dks dgsaxs] ftudh viuh dksbZ lksp ugha gksxhA ,sls yksx lhfer nk;js esa viuh lhfer lksp
osQ dkj.k viuk vfLrRo gh [kks cSBrs gSaA mUgsa xqykeh djus dh vknr iM+ tkrh gS vkSj vius
'kkldksa dk gj fdLe dk vR;kpkj lgrs&lgrs viuh 'kfDr dks [kRe dj nsrs gSaA
ge mUgsa lans'k nsrs gq, le>k,¡xs fd tc i'kq@i{kh Hkh fdlh ca/u esa c¡/dj jguk ugha pkgrs rks
rqe FkksM+h&lh lq[k&lqfo/k vkSj ,s'kks&vkjke osQ ykyp esa viuh Lora=krk dks D;ksa [kksrs gksA rqe
fgEer djosQ vkyl dks NksM+ks] xqykeh dh tathj dks dkV Mkyks] viuh Lora=k lksp osQ lkFk
vR;kpkfj;ksa osQ 'kks"k.k dk eqdkcyk djksA rqEgsa bl dk;Z osQ fy, lq[k&lqfo/k dk R;kx gh D;ksa
u djuk iM+s ;k tksf[ke mBkuk iM+s] rqe ihNs er gVukA
46
nksuksa iafN;ksa osQ thou esa ls gesa ou osQ iaNh dk thou vf/d Js"B yxk] D;ksafd mlosQ thou
dk ewyea=k Lora=krk gSA okLro esa Lora=krk o thou ,d&nwljs osQ iwjd 'kCn gaSA fdlh ,d osQ
vHkko esa nwljs dk dksbZ vfLrRo gh ugha jg tkrk] blfy, ou osQ iaNh dk thou gh y?kqrk
dks R;kxdj egkurk dh vuqHkwfr djkuk gSA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
izLrqr iafDr dk Hkko ;g gS fd viuh Lora=krk dks R;kx dj fiatjs dh lq[k&lqfo/kvksa esa eLr
gks tkvksA
feyu dh pkg gksrs gq, Hkh nksuksa iaNh feydj ugha jg ik,] D;ksafd fiatjs dk iaNh fiatjs osQ
lhfer lq[kksa dk vknh gS vkSj ou dk iaNh viuh Lora=krk dkA nksuksa vius thou dh ifjikVh
dks ;Fkkor j[kuk pkgrs gSaA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) ouik[kh ([k) ¯itjk (x) f'kdkjh@ cgsfy;k (?k) xk;d
(Ä) j{kd
2- (d) dkSos dks nwj&nwj rd dgha ikuh u”kj ugha vk;kA
([k) og viuh ckr dgrs&dgrs chp esa gh #d x;kA
(x) u tkus D;k lksprs&lksprs ';ke unh fdukjs igq¡p x;kA
(?k) jhuk us jksrs&jksrs lkjh ckr viuh ek¡ dks crkbZA
(Ä) jke igkM+ dh pksVh ij igq¡prs&igq¡prs jg x;kA
3- (d) vf/dj.k] laca/ dkjd ([k) dj.k dkjd
(x) drkZ dkjd] deZ dkjd (?k) laca/ dkjd
(Ä) laiznku] laca/ dkjd
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
bl dfork esa dfo johanzukFk BkoqQj nks ijra=k o Lora=k iafN;ksa dk rqyukRed vè;;u djrs gq,
euq"; dh izo`fRr dks mtkxj djrs gSaA ftl izdkj oqQ,¡ osQ esa<d dh nqfu;k oqQ,¡ rd gh lhfer
jgrh gS] mlh izdkj lhfer nk;js esa viuh lhfer lksp osQ lkFk lq[kksa dks Hkksxus dk vknh euq";
dHkh foIyo ugha pkgrkA dfork esa nwljk fp=k.k ml iaNh :ih ekuo dk gS] tks viuh 'krks± ij
thrk gSA og fdlh osQ cgdkos esa vkdj viuh Lora=krk dks nko ij ugha yxkrkA bl dfork
osQ ekè;e ls dfo ,d iaNh dh (ekewyh) lk/kj.k&lh vkdka{kk dks n'kkZrs gq, Lora=krk ls tqM+s
47
vusd i{kksa o lPps lq[k osQ fo"k; esa crkuk pkgrs gaSA Lora=k iaNh osQ ekè;e ls jk"Vªh; LiwQfrZ
rFkk ns'k&izse dh ckr mBkbZ xbZ gSA
cPps Lo;a viuh dYiuk ls fy[ksaxsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
,d vksj lq[k&lqfo/kvksa ls Hkjk ,s'kks&vkjke dk thou gS] nwljh vksj Lora=k thou] ysfdu
lq[k&lqfo/kvksa dk vHkko gSA thou dh nwljh fLFkfr gh gesa vf/d fiz; gS] D;ksafd tc rd
euq"; psruk ls ifjfpr ugha gksxk] og orZeku dks O;ofLFkr ugha cuk ik,xkA izLrqr dfork esa
fiatjs dk iaNh Lora=k iaNh dks vusd izyksHku nsdj mldh Lora=krk Nhuus dk iz;kl djrk gS]
¯drq vk”kknh osQ erokyksa ij dc dksbZ izyksHku dke djrk gSA og fiatjs osQ iaNh dh Hkk¡fr
vlgk; o nqcZy u gksdj lcy gSA orZeku lekt esa dfork dh fpf=kr nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa dks ns[kk
tk ldrk gSA Lora=k iaNh osQ thou ij n`f"V osaQfnzr dh tk, rks (thou) Lora=krk osQ ldkjkRed
igyqvksa dh l`f"V gksrh gS vkSj canh iaNh dk thou mQijh rkSj ij lqanj gksrs gq, Hkh de”kksjh
o foÑr euksn'kk fy, gS] blfy, fu'p; gh ge Lora=k thou Lohdkj djuk pkgsaxs] pkgs og
vHkkoksa ls gh D;ksa u f?kjk gksA
cPps Lo;a viuh dYiuk ls laokn fy[ksaxsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
f'koeaxy flag ^lqeu* n~okjk jfpr ^ge iaNh mUeqDr xxu osQ* dfork cPps Lo;a i<+saxsA
48
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) ^nks iaNh* dfork fdlosQ n~okjk fy[kh xbZ gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) fiatjs osQ iaNh n~okjk fiatjs osQ vanj vkjke ls jgus osQ vkea=k.k ij ou osQ iaNh us D;k mRrj
fn;k\
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(x) ^fl[kk,&i<+k, xhr* ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\

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(?k) johanzukFk BkoqQj osQ fo"k; esa vki D;k tkurs gSa\
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(Ä) bl dfork dk ewyHkko D;k gS\

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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) ^^Hkyk eSa taxyh xhr oSQls xk ldrk gw¡\**
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([k) ^^gk;] eq>esa mM+us dh 'kfDr ugha gSA**

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49
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) Lora=k µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
([k) iaNh µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(x) vè;;u µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(?k) ,dkar µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
(Ä) laxhr µ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ ------- $ -------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) ckny µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
([k) vkdk'k µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(x) iaNh µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(?k) ia[k µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
(Ä) o`{k µ ---------------------------- ----------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fy, vusd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) typj µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) f'kdkjh µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) xk;d µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) lqxe µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) uHkpj µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- nksuksa iafN;ksa esa ls vkidks fdlosQ thou&pfj=k us vf/d vkdf"kZr fd;k\ 5

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2- bl dfork dks i<+us osQ ckn D;k vki fiatjksa esa can if{k;ksa dh euksn'kk dks le>
ldrs gSa\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A 5
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51
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ^nks iaNh* dfork fo'ofo[;kr] Hkkjr osQ izFke ukscy iqjLdkj fotsrk rFkk caxyk Hkk"kk osQ
izfln~/ dfo Jh johanzukFk BkoqQj osQ n~okjk fy[kh xbZ gSA
([k) fiatjs osQ vanj vkjke ls jgus osQ vkea=k.k ij ou osQ iaNh us Lo;a dks fdlh Hkh ca/u esa
ck¡/us ls euk dj fn;kA mUeqDr vkdk'k esa mM+us okys iaNh us Lora=k jgus esa gh lPpk lq[k
crk;kA
(x) ^fl[kk,&i<+k, xhr* ls dfo dk rkRi;Z jVh&jVkbZ ckrksa ;k xhrksa ls gSA fiatjs osQ iaNh dks
nwljksa osQ fl[kk, gq, xhr gh vkrs FkssA
(?k) johanzukFk BkoqQj dk tUe 7 ebZ 1861 dks caxky osQ ,d le`n~/ ifjokj esa gqvkA ;s
ukscy iqjLdkj izkIr djus okys izFke Hkkjrh; FksA bUgsa ^xhrkatyh* osQ fy, lkfgR; osQ {ks=k esa
ukscy iqjLdkj fn;k x;k FkkA bUgksua s ^'kkafrfuosQru* uked lkaLÑfrd ,oa 'kSf{kd fo'ofon~;ky;
dh LFkkiuk dhA johanzukFk BkoqQj us yxHkx ,d g”kkj dfork,¡ rFkk nks g”kkj xhr fy[ks gSaA
(Ä) bl dfork dk ewyHkko vk”kknh dk egRRo le>kuk gSA ijra=krk esa jgdj lcdk ekufld
fodkl #d tkrk gSA euq"; gks ;k i'kq&i{kh] ijra=krk lHkh dks ijkfJr cuk nsrh gSA
2- (d) bu ia fDr;ksa dk vk'k; gS fd fiatjs dk iaNh euq";ksa n~okjk fl[kk, x, xhr xkuk gh tkurk
FkkA og taxy osQ iaNh dh rjg mUeqDr gksdj izÑfr n~okjk jfpr lkSan;Z ls ifjiw.kZ Lora=k
xhr xkuk ugha tkurk FkkA
([k) taxy dk iaNh tc fiatjs osQ iaNh ls mM+us dks dgrk gS rc fiatjs dk iaNh viuh vleFkZrrk
trkrk gSA lkyksa ls fiatjs esa jgus osQ dkj.k og mM+uk gh Hkwy x;k FkkA mlesa mM+us dh
bPNk'kfDr vkSj {kerk 'ks"k ugha jg xbZ FkhA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) l~ $ o~ $ v $ r~ $ v $ u~ $ r~ $ j~ $ v ([k) i~ $ v $ ×k~ $ N~ $ bZ
(x) v $ /~ $ ;~ $ v $ ;~ $ v $ u~ $ v (?k) , $ o~Q $ vk $ u~ $ r~ $ v
(Ä) l~ $ v $ Ä~ $ x~ $ bZ $ r~ $ v
2- (d) i;ksn] tyn ([k) uHk] O;kse (x) [kx] i{kh
(?k) ij] i{k (Ä) r#] isM+
3- (d) ty esa fopj.k djus okyk ([k) i'kq&if{k;ksa dk f'kdkj djus okyk
(x) xkuk xkus okyk (?k) tgk¡ tkuk ljy gks
(Ä) uHk esa fopj.k djus okyk

52
8 fj'or Qa M
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) ttZj vkSj de”kksjA
([k) cRrhl nk¡rksa dks cRrhl ukSdj rFkk ukd] dku] vk¡[k] thHk] Ropk vkfn ik¡p bafnz;ksa dks lsfodkvksa
dh laKk nh gSA
(x) gekjs n~okjk pqus x, yksx gh I+kQdhj ls o”khj curs gSa] rc og gekjk csVk gqvk ;k ugha gqvk\
(?k) ckcw vkSj vf/dkjh n~okjk ek¡xh xbZ 500 #i, dh fj'or u ns ikus osQ dkj.kA
fyf[kr
1- (d) cPpksa us cw<s+ ckck dks mudh os'kHkw"kk osQ dkj.k fHk[kkjh le>kA
([k) ckck ea=kh osQ ikl ^fj'or iaQM* uked foHkkx 'kq: djus dk izLrko ysdj tk jgs FksA
(x) viuh laiUurk dks izdV djus osQ fy, cw<+s ckck us vius 'kkunkj Hkou] cRrhl ukSdjksa
vkSj ik¡p lsfodkvksa osQ fo"k; esa crk;kA
(?k) cw<+s ckck us vius 'kjhj dks 'kkunkj Hkou_ cRrhl nk¡rksa dks cRrhl ukSdj rFkk ukd] dku]
vk¡[k] thHk] Ropk vkfn ik¡p bafnz;ksa dks lsfodkvksa dh laKk nh gSA
2- (d) cPps Lo;a ikB i<+dj djsaxsA
([k) cPps Lo;a ikB i<+dj djsaxsA
ewY;ijd iz'u
;fn esjs ikl dksbZ o`n/
~ vk,] rks eSa mudk e”kkd ugha mM+km¡QxkA gekjh laLÑfr cM+kas dk lEeku
djuk fl[kkrh gSA eSa vius lkeF;Z vkSj mudh ”k:jrks]a nksuksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ;FkklaHko
mudh enn ∑§M°§ªÊ] D;ksafd eSa ;g Hkyh&Hkk¡fr tkurk gw¡ fd dy eq>s Hkh blh fLFkfr ls xq”kjuk
gSA o`n~/tu gekjs fy, ,d oV o`{k dh Hkk¡fr gksrs gSa] ftudh N=k&Nk;k esa ge viuk laiw.kZ
thou fcrkrs gSaA eSa cM+ksa&cqtqxks± dk vknj djrk gw¡ rFkk lnSo mudh enn osQ fy, rRij jgrk
gw¡_ tSlsµmudk lkeku mBkuk] lM+d ikj djokuk bR;kfnA esjk izFke iz;kl ;gh jgsxk fd mUgsa
dHkh fdlh ij fuHkZj u jguk iM+sA blosQ fy, eSa mu o`n~/tuksa dks ftuosQ ikl vk; dk dksbZ
53
lk/u ugha gS] thfodksiktZu gsrq isa'ku fnykm¡Qxk rFkk f”kEesnkj ukxfjd dh rjg vius dRrZO;
dk ikyu ∑§M°§ªÊA
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj fy[ksaxsA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
bl ukVd esa ys[kd us ljdkjh iz.kkyh ij O;aX; fd;k gS fd tc o`n~/koLFkk esa O;fDr dks
viuk thou;kiu djus osQ fy, isa'ku dh vko';drk gksrh gS] rc ljdkjh viQlj fcuk fj'or
fy, (dk;kZUo;u) isa'ku nsus dks rS;kj gh ugha gksrsA bl izdkj bl ukVd esa ljdkjh foHkkxksa esa
c<+ jgh fj'or[kksjh dh izo`fRr ij O;aX; fd;k x;k gSA
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj fy[ksaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) ekyk $ eky ([k) tVk $ /kjh (x) [kq'k $ gky (?k) fj'or $ [kksj
2- (d) jkuh cgqr gh /hjs&/hjs pyrh gSA
([k) jkts'k osQ firk th dks tc ns[kks rc mls f[kykrs&fiykrs jgrs gSaA
(x) lHkh ekrk&firk vius cPpksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k vPNh rjg djrs gSaA
(?k) tc 'kkyw dks eq>ls dksbZ dke gksrk gS] rc og esjs vkxs&ihNs ?kwerh gSA
3- (d) /hjs&/hjs fozQ;k fo'ks"k.k ([k) osQ fdukjs laca/cks/d
(x) vkSj leqPp;cks/d (?k) okg! foLe;kfncks/d
(Ä) osQ ikl laca/cks/d (p) ij leqPp;cks/d
(N) ihNs&ihNs fozQ;k fo'ks"k.k (t) osQ lkeus laca/cks/d
(>) Hkhrj fozQ;k fo'ks"k.k (×k) yksxksa dk laca/cks/d
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj ls fy[ksaxsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
gekjh vk/qfud thou&'kSyh gekjs LokLF; dks iru dh vksj ys tk jgh gSA tYnh rS;kj gksus
okys tad iwQM gekjs LokLF; ij izfrowQy izHkko Mkyrs gSa] ftlls eksVkik] vle; >qfjZ;k¡] lhus esa
nnZ rFkk isV laca/h chekfj;k¡ euq"; osQ 'kjhj esa ?kj dj ysrh gSa] blfy, gesa ?kj dk cuk lknk
Hkkstu gh xzg.k djuk pkfg, rFkk lkFk gh lqcg o 'kke lSj djuh pkfg,A ;g lSj gesa izÑfr
osQ lehi j[krh gSA bl le; dh lSj isQiQM+ksa osQ fy, cgqr ykHknk;d gksrh gS rFkk O;fDr esa
izk.kok;q dk lapkj djrh gSA lSj lnSo [kqys eSnku] miou esa djuh pkfg,A izkr%dky esa i{kh vius
?kksl
a yksa ls fudydj e/qj dyjo djrs gSAa iq"i f[kyus dh voLFkk esa gksrs gS]a ftu ij Bgjh vksl
54
dh cwn¡ as fiQlydj ?kkl ij fxjrh gSa vkSj iRrs rks ekuks lqugjh fdj.kksa dks Nwdj >we mBrs gSAa ,slk
lkSna ;Z] izÑfr dh ,slh euksje NVk ekuo ân; dks vkuan foHkksj dj nsrh gSA bl izdkj dh fnup;kZ
vius thou esa lekfgr dj O;fDr izÑfr osQ vf/d lehi jg ldrk gSA
oSls rks eSa gj {ks=k esa ifjorZu ykuk pkgrh gw]¡ pwf¡ d isM&+ ikS/s gesa vkWDlhtu nsrs gSa vkSj dbZ
izdkj dh chekfj;ksa ls cpkrs gS]a blfy, eSa yxkrkj gks jgh ou&dVkbZ dks jksdus osQ fy, yksxksa esa
tkx`fr ykus dk iz;kl ∑§M°§ªËA eSa tc Hkh fdlh o`n~/ efgyk ;k iq#"k dks vlgk; ;k vosQyk
ns[krh gw¡] rks esjk ân; nzfor gks mBrk gSA eq>s lcls vf/d nq[k rc gksrk gS tc gekjs vkèkqfud
ckf'kans vius Lo;a osQ ekrk&firk osQ fy, o`n~/kJe <w¡<+rs gSaA eSa o`n~/kJe osQ l[r Áπ‹Ê$»§ gw¡A
;fn izR;sd ukxfjd vius cw<+s ekrk&firk dks cks> u le>dj] mUgsa viuk ekxZn'kZd le>s rks
mEehn gS fd ,d gn rd bl leL;k ls futkr fey ldrh gSA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
f'k{kd@ f'kf{kdk osQ lg;ksx ls cPps Lo;a ukVd dk vfHku; djsaxsA
eap ij ik¡p cPps eq[kkSVs yxk, gq, vkrs gSa vkSj vkil esa ckrphr djrs gSa tks fd bl izdkj
ls gS µ
vk¡[kµlqurs gks dku HkkbZ! vktdy tgk¡ ns[kks ekj&dkV] [kwu&[kjkck] v'yhyrk gh fn[kkbZ nsrh
gS] ftlls eq>s cgqr Ã∑§‹Ë$»§ gksrh gSA
dkuµgk¡] cgu rqe Bhd dgrh gksA ∑§ÊŸ»§Ê«∏ÂU laxhr] 'kksj'kjkcs o vkifRrtud 'kCnksa dks lqudj
rks eq>s ,slk yxrk gS tSls dksbZ [kkSyrk rsy eq>esa Mky jgk gksA blls esjh lquus dh 'kfDr
izHkkfor gksrh gSA vkt dk ekuo xka/h osQ vkn'kks±µcqjk er lquks] cqjk er ns[kks] cqjk er cksyksµdks
Hkwy x;k gSA rHkh ukd :ih ckyd cksy mBrk gSµ
ukdµHkkbZ] vc esjh Hkh rks lquks] lM+dksa ij bruk iznw"k.k gS fd esjk lk¡l ysuk nwHkj gks x;k
gSA Ropk Hkh gk¡&esa&gk¡ feykrs gq, dgrh gSµ
Ropkµlqcg ls 'kke rd eq> ij iznw"k.k dh bruh eksVh ijr p<+ tkrh gS fd Ropk ij dbZ
chekfj;k¡ iuius yxrh gSa o peZ jksx rd dh fLFkfr cu tkrh gSA vjs! thHk rqEgsa D;k gqvk\
rqe Hkh rks oqQN dgks\ lc Bhd rks gSA gq¿¿ tSls gYdh uhan ls mBrs gq, thHk :ih eq[kkSVk
igus ,d vU; ckydA
thHkµvc eSa D;k dgw-¡ --esjk nnZ rqels vyx FkksMs+ gh gS---A le; dh raxh osQ dkj.k ekuo oqQN
Hkh vuki&'kuki [kk ysrk gS] ftlosQ dkj.k chekj gks tkrk gS vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i nokb;ksa dh
Hk;adj dM+okgV eq>s >syuh iM+rh gSA okLro esa] euq"; dks Lo;a pkfg, fd ;fn og gekjk
lgh izdkj ls [;ky j[ksxk] rks LoLFk] fujksxh o izlUu jgsxkA
jkLrk [kksVk djuk] iQVsgky gksuk] lfB;k tkuk] 'ks[kh c?kkjuk] eq¡g dh [kkuk] ekjs&ekjs fiQjuk]
twfr;k¡ f?kl tkuk] x/s osQ flj ls lhax xk;c gksuk] vDy dh ckr djukA
55
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) cPpksa us cw<+s ckck dks fHk[kkjh D;ksa le> fy;k Fkk\
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([k) cw<+s ckck us viuh laiUurk osQ fo"k; esa D;k c[kku fd;k\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) cw<s+ us fdudks viuk ukSdj rFkk lsfodk,¡ crk;k\

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(?k) D;k lpeqp ea=kh cw<+s dk csVk Fkk\

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(Ä) cw<+k ea=kh dks D;k izLrko nsuk pkgrk Fkk\

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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) ij vktdy rks iSlk] iSls dks [khaprk gSA
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([k) ;g ckck rks cM+k fon~oku yxrk gS ;kjA

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56
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) vfrfFk µ ----------------------- -----------------------
([k) v'o µ ----------------------- -----------------------
(x) diM+k µ ----------------------- -----------------------
(?k) bPNk µ ----------------------- -----------------------
(Ä) ve`r µ ----------------------- -----------------------
2- dks"Bd esa fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ls mfpr 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fjDr LFkkuksa esa Hkfj,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) v/Zokf"kZd ijh{kk osQ ----------------------- dy fudysaxsA (ifj.kke] ifjek.k)
([k) vkt cgqr 'khry ----------------------- cg jgh gSA (vuy] vfuy)
(x) ----------------------- gh /u dk egRRo le>rs gSaA (fu/u] fu/Zu)
(?k) i{kh isM+ksa ij viuk ----------------------- cukrs gSaA (uhj] uhM+)
(Ä) nzkSinh dk ----------------------- gj.k fd;k x;k FkkA (phj] fpj)
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) ÑrK µ -----------------------
([k) vkd"kZ.k µ -----------------------
(x) xzkg~; µ -----------------------
(?k) prqj µ -----------------------
(Ä) rjy µ -----------------------
57
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- cw<+s us ftUgsa vius lsod rFkk lsfodk,¡ crk;k gS] muls ge D;k rFkk fdl izdkj
vf/d&ls&vf/d dke ys ldrs gSa ftlls os yacs le; rd gekjs lkFk jgsa\ 5
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2- dYiuk dhft, fd gekjh bafnz;k¡ vkil esa ckrphr djrs gq, vius ekfyd (euq";ksa) osQ
izfr ukjk”kxh trk jgh gSaA mudh ckrphr ij ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,A 5
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58
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) cPpksa us cw<+s ckck dks mudh os'kHkw"kk osQ dkj.k fHk[kkjh le> fy;k FkkA cw<+s ckck dh tVk,¡
Fkha] mudh dej >qdh gqbZ Fkh rFkk mUgksaus xs#, jax osQ iQVs&iqjkus diM+s igus gq, FksA
([k) cw<+s ckck us viuh laiUurk osQ fo"k; esa crk;k fd muosQ ikl ,d 'kkunkj Hkou] ik¡p
lsfodk,¡ rFkk cRrhl ukSdj Fks] tks lnk muosQ vkns'k dk ikyu djrs FksA
(x) cw<+s us cRrhl nk¡rksa dks viuk ukSdj rFkk vk¡[k] dku] ukd] thHk] Ropk dks viuh lsfodk,¡
crk;kA
(?k) ugha] ea=kh lpeqp cw<+s dk csVk ugha FkkA pquko esa oksV nsdj mls ftrokus osQ dkj.k gh cw<+k
ea=kh dks viuk csVk crk jgk FkkA
(Ä) cw<+k ea=kh dks ;g izLrko nsuk pkgrk Fkk fd og vius foHkkx esa fj'or&iaQM LFkkfir djs
rkfd ”k:jr iM+us ij fj'or iaQM ls iSls ysdj ykpkj O;fDr fj'or[kksjksa dks fj'or ns
losQA
2- (d) bldk vk'k; gS fd vktdy iSlk nsus ij gh dk;Z liQy gksrk gSA dk;kZy;ksa esa fj'or osQ
:i esa iSlk nsus ij gh O;fDr viuk dke djok ldrk gSA
([k) bldk vk'k; gS fd tc cw<+s ckck us viuh laiUurk dk rkRi;Z cPpksa dks le>k;k] rc
cPps muls izHkkfor gq, fcuk ugha jg losQA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) vkxarqd] vH;kxr ([k) ?kksM+k] rqjax (x) oL=k] phj
(?k) vfHkyk"kk] vkdka{kk (Ä) ih;w"k] lq/k
2- (d) ifj.kke ([k) vfuy (x) fu/Zu
(?k) uhM+ (Ä) phj
3- (d) vÑrK ([k) fod"kZ.k (x) vxzkg~;
(?k) ew[kZ (Ä) Bksl

59
9 iqjLdkj
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) fctyh dh xM+xM+kgV osQ lkFk ”kksj&ls gok py jgh Fkh vkSj o"kkZ gksus yxh FkhA
([k) ftl fnu Ñf"k mRlo euk;k tkrk FkkA
(x) ”kehu dh dher dk pkj xq.kk iSlk ns fn;k tkrk FkkA
(?k) ex/ dk jktoqQekj v#.kA
(Ä) e/qfydk us jktk ls izk.knaM ek¡xkA
fyf[kr
1- (d) ftl fnu Ñf"k mRlo euk;k tkrk Fkk] ml fnu jktk fdlku cudj ”kehu osQ pqus gq,
VqdM+s esa gy pykrs vkSj cht cksrs FksA ”kehu osQ ekfyd dks pkj xquk jde ns nh tkrh
FkhA lqanj dU;k,¡ eaxy xhr xkrh Fkha] iafMr osnea=kksa dk mPpkj.k djrs Fks] [khy o iwQy
cjlk, tkrs FksA bl rjg ls tksrs x, [ksr ij jktk dk vf/dkj gks tkrk FkkA
([k) e/qfydk us jktk n~okjk nh xbZ jkf'k dks jktk ij okj fn;k vkSj lkFk gh dgk fd ;g
mlosQ cki&nknk dh ”kehu gSA og bls ,sls gh nsus osQ fy, rS;kj gS] ij cspsxh ughaA
(x) ;g ”kehu mlosQ cki&nknk dh Fkh] blfy, og bls cspus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA
(?k) viuh ”kehu dks jktk dks lkSai nsus osQ i'pkr~ e/qfydk nwljksa osQ [ksrksa esa dM+h esgur
djrh Fkh vkSj #[kk&lw[kk tks Hkh feyrk Fkk] mlh ls xq”kkjk djrh FkhA
(Ä) jktoqQekj v#.k igyh ckj e/qfydk osQ ikl muosQ lkgl dh iz'kalk djus vk,] ysfdu
nwljh ckj ex/ osQ ckxh cudj dkS'ky ns'k dks gM+ius osQ fy, vk,A
2- (d) (iv) ([k) (iii) (x) (iv) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (i)
ewY;ijd iz'u
e/qfydk us eupkgs iqjLdkj osQ :i esa Lo;a osQ fy, izk.knaM ek¡xk] D;ksafd og oqQN nsj osQ
fy, vius izse esa va/h gksdj dkS'ky ns'k osQ lkFk xn~nkjh djus okyh FkhA mlh osQ izk;f'pr
osQ fy, mlus e`R;qnaM dh l”kk ek¡xhA bl rjg ls mlus ns'k osQ fy, izse dks feVk fn;kA
60
e/qfydk ,d lPph ns'kHkDr FkhA mlus tks Hkh fd;k og cgqr vPNk fd;kA 'kk;n] eSa mldh
txg gksrh rks eSa Hkh ogh djrh] D;ksafd ns'k&izse gj izse ls c<+dj gksrk gSA izR;sd ukxfjd
esa dgha&u&dgha vR;f/d ns'k&izse dh Hkkouk gksrh gS] cl fn[kkus osQ fy, oqQN voljksa dh
vko';drk Hkj gSA ge ;gk¡ jgrs gSa vkSj cpiu ls tokuh] cq<+kis rd dk ‚$»§⁄U Hkh ;gha r;
djrs gSaA gekjh ekr`Hkwfe fcYoqQy gekjh ek¡ leku gksrh gSA Hkyk dkSu&lk ,slk euq"; gS] tks
viuh ek¡ ls izse u djsxk\ ;k mldh j{kk osQ fy, cfynku u nsxk\
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Lo;a osQ fy, jktk ls izk.k&naM ek¡xdjA
cPpksa dks ns'k osQ fy, loZLo R;kx&cfynku dh izsj.kk nsukA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- /hjs&/hjs ?kwers&?kwers [kV&[kV b/j&m/j jg&jgdj lkFk&lkFk
2- (d) xM+xM+kgV ([k) lokjh (x) ?kcjkgV (?k) egRRo
(Ä) izxfr (p) vieku (N) vutku (t) Lokxr
(>) csdkj (×k) cs'keZ
3- (d) cki vkSj nknk ([k) :[kk vkSj lw[kk (x) b/j vkSj m/j (?k) lq[k vkSj nq[k
(p) fnu vkSj jkr (N) ykHk vkSj gkfu
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
e/qfydk us ”kehu dh dher blfy, Lohdkj ugha dh] D;ksafd og mlosQ iwoZtksa dh ”kehu FkhA
mlosQ lkFk og HkkoukRed :i ls tqM+h gqbZ Fkh] blfy, mlus jktk dks og ”kehu fcuk iSls
fy, gh nsuk Lohdkj dj fy;kA
e/qfydk jktk ls eq¡gek¡xh dher ek¡xrh rks jktk mls ns nsrs] D;ksafd ,d rks ;g dkS'ky jkT;
dk fu;e Fkk] nwljk e/qfydk L=kh Fkh] mlosQ ikl thfodksiktZu dk dksbZ lk/u ugha Fkk vkSj
rhljk] og ohj flagfe=k dh iq=kh Fkh] ftlus okjk.klh dh yM+kbZ esa dkS'ky ns'k dks ex/ ls
cpk;k Fkk] blfy, dkS'ky jkT; vkSj jktk Lo;a Hkh mlosQ Í.kh gks x, FksA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
Hkkjr tc xqykeh dh ta”khjksa esa tdM+k gqvk Fkk] rc mls vk”kkn djkus osQ fy, vusd ns'kHkDr
[kM+s gq,] ftuosQ R;kx o cfynku osQ dkj.k gh vkt ge Lora=k Hkkjr esa lk¡l ys jgs gSaA buesa
ls ,d ns'kHkDr Fksµ'kghn Hkxr flagA
61
os flj ls ysdj ik¡o rd ns'kHkfDr o izse dh Hkkouk ls fyIr FksA bUgksaus vius oqQN lkfFk;ksa
osQ lkFk ,slsacyh esa ce iQksM+k vkSj ogk¡ fuMjrk ls [kM+s jgsA bu lHkh dks Áª⁄U$çÃÊ⁄U dj fy;k
x;kA buesa ls rhu yksxksa dks iQk¡lh dh l”kk lqukbZ xbZA muesa ls ,d FksµHkxr flagA Hkxr flag
dh iQk¡lh dh [kcj lqudj turk HkM+d mBhA blfy, vaxzs”kksa us mUgsa iQk¡lh dh rkjh[k ls ,d
fnu igys iQk¡lh nsus dk iSQlyk dj fy;kA
ogk¡ ,d baLisDVj Fkk] tks fd Hkxr flag dks cgqr ilan djrk FkkA mlus Hkxr flag ls dgk
fd vxj os pkgsa rks og mUgsa ogk¡ ls Hkxk ldrk gS] ijarq Hkxr flag us tokc esa dgk fd vxj
vkt ,d Hkxr flag ejsxk] rks dy lkS iSnk gksaxsA bu 'kCnksa ls ;gh irk pyrk gS fd bUgksaus
viuk cfynku turk esa Lora=krk o ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk dks txkus osQ fy, fn;k FkkA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
62
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) e/qfydk dkSu Fkh\ Ñf"k mRlo ij mlus D;k fd;k\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ckxh jktoqQekj v#.k D;k pkgrk Fkk\

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(x) e/qfydk us jktoqQekj v#.k dk lkFk fdl izdkj fn;k\

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(?k) v#.k D;ksa idM+k x;k\

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(Ä) e/qfydk us vius fy, D;k iqjLdkj ek¡xk\

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2- fdlus dgk] D;ksa dgk\ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) eSa bls vkidks ,sls gh nsus osQ fy, rS;kj gw¡A
--------------------------------------------------------------------] --------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) dkSu gS ;g yM+ dh\

--------------------------------------------------------------------] --------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) eSua s rqEgsa mRlo esa ns[kk] rHkh ls eSa rqEgkjs lkgl dk dk;y gwA¡
--------------------------------------------------------------------] --------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) dkSu gS ;gk¡\

--------------------------------------------------------------------] --------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) e/qfydk] eupkgk iqjLdkj ek¡xA

--------------------------------------------------------------------] --------------------------------------------------------------------
63
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa izR;; rFkk ewy 'kCn vyx dhft,µ 1×4 ¾ 4
(d) viekfur µ ------------------- $ -------------------
([k) pfj=koku µ ------------------- $ -------------------
(x) cnukeh µ ------------------- $ -------------------
(?k) lkekftd µ ------------------- $ -------------------
2- dks"Bd esa fn, x, laKk 'kCnksa osQ mfpr :i cukdj fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ
1×4 ¾ 4
(d) 'osrk dh ok.kh esa cgqr ----------------------- gSA (ehBk)
([k) ----------------------- Øks/ dks tUe nsrk gSA (vga)
(x) ns'k ls ----------------------- dks nwj djuk pkfg,A (xjhc)
(?k) ----------------------- dk iQy lnk cqjk gh gksrk gSA (pksj)
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnfy,µ 1 ×4 ¾ 4
(d) pkS/jh µ ----------------------- ([k) ;'kLoh µ -----------------------
(x) fonq"kh µ ----------------------- (?k) vfHkusrk µ -----------------------
4- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa osQ opu cnydj okD; nksckjk fyf[k,µ 1 ×3 ¾ 3
(d) vkleku esa mM+rh irax dVdj fxj xbZA
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([k) lPps ohj iq#"k bZekunkj gksrs gSaA

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(x) ge vki lcls feydj cgqr [kq'k gq,A

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64
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- D;k vkiosQ thou esa ,slh dksbZ ?kVuk ?kVh gS tc vkius fdlh osQ fy, oQksbZ R;kx fd;k
gks\ fyf[k,A 5
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2- fdlh ,sls ,sfrgkfld ik=k osQ fo"k; esa fyf[k, ftlus ns'k osQ fy, viuk loZLo R;kx
fn;k gksA 5
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65
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) e/qfydk dkS'ky ns'k esa jgus okys ohj flagfe=k dh csVh FkhA Ñf"k mRlo ij fjok”kkuqlkj tc
jktk mldh ”kehu osQ nke ns jgs Fks] rc e/qfydk us ”kehu cspus ls badkj dj fn;k FkkA
([k) ckxh jktoqQekj v#.k ,d u;k jkT; LFkkfir djuk pkgrk Fkk rFkk e/qfydk dks viuh
jktjkuh cukuk pkgrk FkkA
(x) e/qfydk us jktoqQekj dh enn djus osQ fy, viuh ”kehu osQ cnys jktk ls fdys osQ ikl
okyh ”kehu ek¡xhA ,slk djus ij tks lSfud fdys ij igjk nsrs Fks] os gVk fy, x,A ogk¡
ls v#.k jktk osQ fdys ij geyk dj ldrk FkkA
(?k) v#.k blfy, idM+k x;k] D;ksafd Lo;a e/qfydk us ns'kizse osQ o'khHkwr gksdj geys dh
lwpuk jktk osQ lsukifr dks ns nh FkhA bl izdkj v#.k dh ;kstuk csdkj gks xbZA
(Ä) e/qfydk us v#.k osQ izfr vius izse rFkk ns'k osQ fo#n~/ jktnzksg esa lkFk nsus osQ dkj.k
iqjLdkj Lo:i vius fy, izk.knaM ek¡xkA
2- (d) e/qfydk us D;ksafd og viuh ”kehu cspuk ugha pkgrh FkhA
([k) jktk us D;ksafd e/qfydk us mlosQ lkeus vn~Hkqr lkgl fn[kk;k FkkA
(x) jktoqQekj v#.k us D;ksfa d e/qfydk osQ LoHkko rFkk lkgl us mldks cgqr izHkkfor fd;k FkkA
(?k) e/qfydk us D;ksafd jkr esa fdlh us mldk njok”kk [kV[kVk;k FkkA
(Ä) jktk us D;ksafd e/qfydk us ckxh jktoqQekj dks idM+ok;k FkkA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) vieku $ br ([k) pfj=k $ oku (x) cnuke $ bZ (?k) lekt $ bd
2- (d) feBkl ([k) vgadkj (x) xjhch (?k) pksjh
3- (d) pkS/jkbu ([k) ;'kfLouh (x) fon~oku (?k) vfHkus=kh
4- (d) vkleku esa mM+rh iraxas dVdj fxj xb±A ([k) lPpk ohj iq#"k bZekunkj gksrk gSA
(x) eSa vkils feydj [kq'k gqvkA

66
10 dchj ds nksgs
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) nqj~ cqn~f/ dks nwj dj ln~cqn~f/ ykus osQ fy,A
([k) tks vkSjksa dks lq[k nsaA
(x) vius fudVA
(?k) u tkus dky dc vkSj dgk¡ gesa u"V dj nsaA
(Ä) tc O;fDr larks"kh gks tkrk gSA
fyf[kr
1- (d) larkas dh laxfr djuh pkfg,] D;ksafd blls ln~cqn~f/ vkrh gSA
([k) D;ksafd tc dHkh frudk mM+dj vk¡[k esa iM+ tkrk gS] rc cM+h ihM+k gksrh gSA
(x) gesa ehBh ok.kh dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd blls eu dk vga vkSj dyqf"kr Hkkouk,¡
lekIr gksrh gSa rFkk lquus okys dk ân; Hkh 'kkar gks tkrk gSA
(?k) lcls cM+k /u larks"k :ih /u ekuk x;k gS] D;ksafd lalkj esa jgrs gq, lkalkfjd oSHko
O;fDr dks viuh vksj vkd£"kr djrs gSa vkSj euq"; mudks ikus osQ ykyp esa viuk vkik
[kks cSBrk gSA blfy, dchj dgrs gSa fd larks"k /u vkus ls lHkh rjg osQ lq[k] oSHko rqPN
tku iM+rs gSaA
(Ä) D;ksafd xq# oqQEgkj dh rjg f'k"; osQ thou dks vkdkj nsrk gS vFkkZr~ l¡okjrk gSA
(p) ^¯und* dk vFkZ gS gekjh ¯unk dj gesa gekjs nks"k o voxq.k crkus okys yksxA bl rjg
ls ge vius voxq.kksa dks nwj dj vius LoHkko dks fueZy cuk ldrs gSaA
2- (d) dchj dgrs gSa fd tks frudk gekjs ik¡o rys vkrk gS] mldh ¯unk ugha djuh pkfg,A
tc ;gh frudk mM+dj vk¡[k esa iM+ tkrk gS rc cM+h ihM+k nsrk gSA vr% lHkh dk lEeku
djuk pkfg,A lekt esa lHkh dk egRRo gSA
([k) dchj xq# dks oqQEgkj vkSj f'k"; dks ?kM+k dgrs gSa] D;ksafd ftl rjg oqQEgkj ?kM+s dks lgh
vkdkj nsus osQ fy, ckgj ls pksV ekjrk gS] ij Hkhrj ls mls gkFk dk lgkjk nsdj mls VwVus
ls cpkrk gS] mlh izdkj xq# Hkh vius f'k"; osQ mTToy Hkfo"; osQ fy, mQij ls Hkys gh
dVq opuksa dk iz;ksx djs] ysfdu fny ls vius f'k"; dh HkykbZ gh pkgrk gSA
67
ewY;ijd iz'u
lcls cM+k /u larks"k :ih /u ekuk x;k gS] D;ksafd larks"k /u vkus ls lHkh rjg osQ lq[k&oSHko
rqPN tku iM+rs gSaA vU; /u dk vFkZ gS lkalkfjd oSHko] tks O;fDr dks viuh rjI+kQ vkd£"kr
djrs gSaA ,d oLrq dh izkfIr gksus ij nwljs dh pkg] nwljh izkIr gksus ij rhljs dk ykyp c<+rk
tkrk gSA ge larks"k /u dks Js"B ekurs gSa] D;ksafd ;g okLrfod lq[k gSA
?keaM djus ls O;fDr lHkh ls nwj gks tkrk gSA yksx mls ilan ugha djrs] ihB ihNs mldk e”kkd
mM+krs gSa vkSj og lHkh dh u”kjksa esa fxj tkrk gSA e`R;q fdlh Hkh le;] fdlh Hkh LFkku ij vk
ldrh gSA {k.kHkj esa gekjk 'kjhj /wy esa fey ldrk gSA vr% ?keaM ugha djuk pkfg,A
mPpLrjh; iz'u
^jke* 'kCn ls vk'k; gSµfuxqZ.k] fujkdkj] bZ'oj] tks l`f"V osQ d.k&d.k esa O;kIr gSA
^fruosQ* vFkkZr~ lekt osQ os yksx ftUgsa ge rqPN] misf{kr vkSj nhu&ghu ekurs gSaA gesa muosQ
lkFk misf{kr O;ogkj ugha djuk pkfg,] D;ksafd lHkh dk lekt esa leku egRRo gSA dksbZ Hkh
èkeZ] tkfr] o.kZ] jax o deZ osQ vk/kj ij NksVk&cM+k ugha gSA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) lEeku laxfr ([k) oqQiq=k oqQlax (x) lqj{kk lqiq=kh
(?k) nqxqZ.k nqcqZn~f/ (Ä) fuxqZ.k fujkdkj (p) vieku vi'kCn
2- (d) gksb ([k) ijnsl (x) ukfg (?k) lqHkk; (Ä) pksV
3- (d) xoZ ([k) ou (x) fcuk (?k) fueZy (Ä) cqjh cqn~f/
(p) LoHkko (N) jru (t) /wy (>) f'k";
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
cPps Lo;a nksgs i<+dj@le>dj fy[ksaxsA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
dchj osQ nksgs gesa crkrs gSa fd gekjk thou oSQlk gksuk pkfg,A os lh/s ljy 'kCnksa esa nSfud
thou osQ mnkgj.k nsdj uhfrijd ckrsa dgrs gSaA bu nksgksa esa xq# dh egRrk] ehBh ok.kh] larks"k
djus] vius nqxZ.kksa dks nwj djus rFkk lcdks leku n`f"V ls ns[kus ij cy fn;k x;k gSA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a oaQBLFk djsaxsA
cPps viuh l`tukRedrk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, pkVZ ij nksgs fy[ksaxs rFkk d{kk esa yxk,¡xsA
fcgkjh] jghe rFkk oàn dfo osQ nksgs vR;ar izfln~/ gSaA
68
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) xq# fdl izdkj vius f'k"; dks rS;kj djrk gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) lc /u /wy osQ leku dc izrhr gksus yxrk gS\

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) dchj us lk/q dh laxfr djus dh ckr D;ksa dgh gS\

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(?k) dchj us ¯und dks vius fudV j[kus dh lykg D;ksa nh gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) fruosQ dh ¯unk u djus dh ckr fdl mn~ns'; ls dgh xbZ gS\
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) ,slh ?kfV&?kfV jke gSa] nqfu;k¡ ns[ks ukfgA
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([k) tc vkoS larks"k /u] lc /u /wfj lekuA

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69
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ izpfyr ¯gnh :i fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) djhtS µ ---------------------------- ([k) fl"k µ ----------------------------
(x) ?kusjh µ ---------------------------- (?k) /wfj µ ----------------------------
(Ä) ihj µ ----------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) /eZ&deZ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) dHkh&dHkh µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ykt&'keZ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) ckgj&ckgj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) mBuk&cSBuk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ls dkjd Nk¡Vdj muosQ Hksnksa osQ uke fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) Hkw[kksa dks [kkuk f[kykvksA ----------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) pkpk&pkph tgkt ls fons'k tk jgs gSaA ----------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) eq>s vidk rksgI+kQk cgqr ilan vk;kA ----------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) Nr ij diM+s V¡xs gSaA ----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) vjs! rqe isQy gks x,A ----------------------------------------------------------------------
70
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- dchjnkl osQ thou pfj=k dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 5

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2- ^dchjnkl fujkdkj] fuxqZ.k czg~e dks ekurs Fks*µbldk D;k vfHkizk; gS\ 5
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71
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) xq# ,d oqQEgkj dh Hkk¡fr vius f'k"; dks rS;kj djrk gSA ftl izdkj oqQEgkj feV~Vh osQ
crZu cukrs le; mQij ls pksV ekjrk gS foaQrq vanj ls gkFk dk lgkjk nsrk gS] mlh izdkj
xq# ckgj ls f'k"; dks dBksj vuq'kklu esa j[krs gSa] ijarq vius I;kj vkSj eerk ls f'k"; dks
lgkjk Hkh nsrs gSaA
([k) lc izdkj osQ HkkSfrd /u gksus osQ ckotwn euq"; osQ eu esa larks"k rFkk r`fIr osQ Hkko vkus
ij ckdh lkjs /u /wy osQ leku izrhr gksus yxrs gSaA
(x) dchj us lk/q dh laxfr djus dh ckr blfy, dgh gS] D;ksafd larksa dh laxfr djus ls
ln~cqn~f/ vkrh gSA
(?k) ¯und gekjh ¯unk djosQ gekjs voxq.k ,oa nks"k crkrs gSa] ftudks lqudj ge vius esa lqèkkj
yk ldrs gSaA ge vius LoHkko dks fueZy cuk ldrs gSaA
(Ä) lekt esa lHkh dk egRRo gSA vr% lHkh dk lEeku djuk pkfg,A fruosQ dh ¯unk u djus
dh ckr blh mn~ns'; ls dgh xbZ gSA
2- (d) jke fuxqZ.k] fujkdkj] bZ'oj gSa] tks l`f"V osQ d.k&d.k esa O;kIr gSaA ysfdu ge mUgsa lalkj
esa <w¡<+us osQ dkj.k ns[k ugha ikrs gSaA
([k) lcls cM+k /u larks"k :ih /u ekuk x;k gS] D;ksafd lalkj esa jgrs gq, lHkh lkalkfjd
lq[k&oSHko O;fDr dks viuh rjI+kQ vkd£"kr djrs gSaA euq"; dk ykyp c<+rk tkrk gSA ,sls
esa dksbZ Hkh euq"; viuk vkik [kks cSBrk gSA vr% dchj th osQ vuqlkj larks"k&/u vkus ls
lHkh rjg osQ lq[k&oSHko rqPN tku iM+rs gSaA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) dhft, ([k) f'k"; (x) ?kuh (?k) /wy (Ä) ihM+k
2- (d) esjh nknh vktdy /eZ&deZ osQ dkeksa esa eXu jgrh gSaA
([k) eksgu] [ksy&owQn osQ lkFk dHkh&dHkh i<+ Hkh fy;k djksA
(x) euq"; dHkh Mj] rks dHkh ykt&'keZ osQ dkj.k lp ugha cksyrkA
(?k) oqQEgkj ?kM+s dks lgh vkdkj nsus osQ fy, ckgj&ckgj pksV ekjrk gSA
(Ä) ek¡ cksyh] ^^rqEgkjk mBuk&cSBuk vktdy cqjs yM+dksa osQ lkFk gks jgk gSA**
3- (d) dks] deZ dkjd ([k) ls] dj.k dkjd ( x) dk] laca/ dkjd
(?k) ij] vf/dj.k dkjd (Ä) vjs!] lacks/u dkjd

72
11 chl lky ckn
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) flikgh izHkko'kkyh] eqLrSn pky esa pgy&dneh dj jgk FkkA
([k) gok osQ BaMs >ksadksa osQ lkFk gydh o"kkZ osQ dkj.k og LFkku lqulku FkkA
(x) mldk nksLr ;fn thfor gS rks vo'; vk,xkA
(?k) mldk nksLr g”kkjksa ehy nwj ls mlls feyus vk;k FkkA
(Ä) mls yxk fd mldk nksLr fteh vk x;k gSA
fyf[kr
1- (d) chl lky ckn] blh jkr] blh le; os ;gha feysaxs] pkgs mUgsa lalkj osQ fdlh Hkh dksus ls
D;ksa u vkuk iM+sA
([k) viuh fdLer vktekusA
(x) fteh U;w;kWoZQ dks nqfu;k dk fny le>rk FkkA mls U;w;kWoZQ ls I;kj FkkA
(?k) fteh dks izdk'k esa ns[krs gh ckWc le> x;k fd og fteh ugha dksbZ vkSj O;fDr gSA
(Ä) fteh vkSj ckWc vPNs nksLr FksA fteh osQ fy, drZO; loksZifj Fkk fiQj Hkh ckWc dks fxjÝrkj
djus esa Lo;a dks vleFkZ ik jgk FkkA
2- nl ctus ij flikgh us ckWc ls fonk ysrs gq, dgk fd D;k ckWc vius nksLr dh izrh{kk djuk
pkgrk gS rks ckWc us tokc fn;k fd og vk/k ?kaVk vkSj #duk pkgrk gS] D;ksafd mls bl ckr
dk iwjk fo'okl gS fd ;fn mldk nksLr thfor gS rks og vo'; vk,xkA
ewY;ijd iz'u
ifjJeh vkSj fuLokFkhZ O;fDr dHkh Hkh thou esa fujk'k ugha gksrsA mUgsa viuh esgur dk iQy
vo'; feyrk gSA LokFkhZ vkSj vkylh O;fDr dk HkkX; Hkh lkFk ugha nsrkA Hkys gh oqQN le;
osQ fy, og liQy Hkh gks tk,] ijarq LFkk;h liQyrk ls og ges'kk nwj gh jgrk gSA
73
/uh cuus osQ fy, csbZekuh ”k:jh ugha gSA eSa lPpkbZ] bZekunkjh vkSj ifjJe osQ xq.k viukdj
thou esa liQy gksuk pkgrk gw¡A
mPpLrjh; iz'u
tc yacs O;fDr us mls canh cuk fy;k vkSj fteh dk i=k fn;kA
drZO; dk ikyu djuk gh loZJs"B deZ gSA ,slk dk;Z ftls dkuwu osQ varxZr iwjk fd;k tkuk
pkfg,] fe=krk ls vf/d ml dk;Z dks Js"B le>uk pkfg,A
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) laosQrokpd ([k) foLe;okpd (x) iz'uokpd (?k) fu"ks/okpd
(Ä) bPNkokpd (p) fo/kuokpd (N) laosQrokpd (t) vkKkokpd
2- njok”kk rs”k vk”kekuk I+kSQlyk ¯”knk
3- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";
(d) /heh pky
([k) v/tyk flxkj
(x) chl lky
(?k) xksjk jax
(Ä) rs”k vk¡[ksa
(p) jRutfM+r ?kM+h
(N) yack O;fDr
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
fteh ,d lPpk fe=k FkkA og vius okns dk Hkh iDdk FkkA og ;FkkZFkoknh FkkA
dgkuh dk var jkspd o vFkZiw.kZ Fkk rFkk dgkuh osQ ewy mn~ns'; dks Li"V djrk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
i=k i<+dj ckWc fopfyr gks x;k gksxkA mlosQ ikl vkReleiZ.k djus osQ vykok vkSj dksbZ jkLrk
ugha cpk FkkA
ckWc us laHkor% ekuofojks/h dk;Z fd, gksaxsA gks ldrk gS fd mlus ns'knzksg Hkh fd;k gksA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a iqLrosaQ i<+saxs ftuls muosQ Kku dh o`n~f/ gksxhA
74
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) flikgh dh eqLrSn pky vpkud /heh D;ksa gks xbZ\
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([k) flxkj osQ izdk'k esa flikgh dks nqdku osQ ckgj [kM+k vkneh fn[kus esa oSQlk yxk\
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(x) ckWc vkSj fteh esa vkidks D;k varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\
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(?k) ckWc dks fteh ls feydj ;g D;ksa yxk fd og fteh ugha gS\
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(Ä) f'kdkxks ls fdls idM+us dk vkns'k vk;k gqvk Fkk vkSj D;ksa\
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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) ysfdu chl lky esa ,d vPNs vkneh dks cqjk vkneh cukus dk lkeF;Z rks gSA
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([k) U;w;kWoZQ esa fteh tSlk O;fDr blls vf/d D;k dj ldk gksxkA
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75
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa mfpr fojke fpg~u yxkb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) n~okj ij [kM+k O;fDr mNy iM+k vjs rqe fteh gks D;k
([k) yackbZ esa Hkh rhu pkj bap c<+ x, gks
(x) vki pqipki esjs lkFk pysa blh esa vkidh HkykbZ gS
(?k) ,d LFkku ij mldh pky /heh gks xbZ
(Ä) D;k bl chp rqe nksuksa esa dksbZ i=k O;ogkj ugha gqvk
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk muosQ vFkZ osQ lkFk feyku dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) lkezkT; (i) pqLr
([k) vkxarqd (ii) fuf'pr
(x) fu;r (iii) bar”kkj
(?k) eqLrSn (iv) iw.kZ izHkqrk
(Ä) izrh{kk (v) vkus okyk
3- fuEufyf[kr inksa esa fozQ;k dk Hksn crkb,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
ldeZd@vdeZd
(d) uxj dh lsokvksa esa esjk Hkh ;ksxnku jgkA ------------------------------------
([k) nksuksa O;fDr xIis ekjrs gq, pyus yxsA ------------------------------------
(x) yacs O;fDr us vkxs vkdj dgkA ------------------------------------
(?k) vkius bl chl o"kks± esa dkiQh /u dek;k gSA ------------------------------------
(Ä) og O;fDr ogha n~okj dh vkM+ esa [kM+k FkkA ------------------------------------
76
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- ;fn vki fteh dh txg gksrs rks D;k djrs\ 5

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2- vkiosQ thou esa vkiosQ fe=kksa dk D;k LFkku gS\ 5

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77
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) flikgh us tc ,d nqdku osQ njok”ks ij ,d vkneh dks [kM+s ns[kk rks mldh pky /heh
gks xbZA
([k) flxkj osQ izdk'k esa flikgh us ns[kk fd ml O;fDr dk jax xksjk Fkk] pkSdksj vkdkj osQ
eq[kM+s esa vkd"kZd rs”k vk¡[ksa Fkha vkSj nkfguh vk¡[k osQ mQij pksV dk fu'kku FkkA mlus xys
esa LdkI+kZQ igu j[kk Fkk] ftl ij ghjs&tM+k ,d fiu yxk FkkA
(x) ckWc /u osQ ihNs nkSM+ jgk Fkk] og vlarq"V vkSj dYiukthoh FkkA mls c<+&p<+dj viuh
iz'kalk djus dk 'kkSd FkkA vkxs c<+us dh pkg esa og xyr jkLrs ij py iM+k] tcfd blosQ
foijhr fteh vius drZO; dks gh lcls cM+k ekurk gSA og FkksM+s esa gh larq"V gSA
(?k) ckWc dks fteh igys ls yack yxkA lkFk gh tc mlus fteh dh ukd ns[kh rks og le>
x;k fd ;g dksbZ vkSj O;fDr gSA
(Ä) f'kdkxks ls ckWc flYoh dks idM+us dk vkns'k gqvk Fkk] D;ksafd og dkuwu dk vijk/h FkkA
2- (d) tc ckWc yacs O;fDr dh ukd ns[kdj mls dgrk gS fd og fteh ugha gks ldrk] D;ksafd
pkgs chl lky chr x, gksa] ysfdu vkneh dh ukd rks ogh jgsxhA blosQ mRrj esa yack
O;fDr dgrk gS fd chl lky esa vkneh dks cnyus dh {kerk gSA vPNk O;fDr cqjk cu
ldrk gSA
([k) ckWc flYoh viuh mUufr dk xq.kxku djrs gq, dgk fd mlus bu chl lkyksa esa cgqr dek;k
gSA mls fo'okl gS fd fteh us Hkh mlls vk/k gh lgh] oqQN rks dek;k gksxkA mls yxrk
Fkk fd U;w;kWoZQ esa jgdj ”;knk dekuk laHko ughaA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) n~okj ij [kM+k O;fDr mNy iM+k] vjs! rqe fteh gks D;k\
([k) yackbZ esa Hkh rhu&pkj bap c<+ x, gksA
(x) vki pqipki esjs lkFk pysa] blh esa vkidh HkykbZ gSA
(?k) ,d LFkku ij mldh pky /heh gks xbZA
(Ä) D;k bl chp rqe nksuksa esa dksbZ i=k&O;ogkj ugha gqvkA
2- (d) lkezkT; (iv) iw.kZ izHkqrk
([k) vkxarqd (v) vkus okyk
(x) fu;r (ii) fuf'pr
(?k) eqLrSn (i) pqLr
(Ä) izrh{kk (iii) bar”kkj
3- (d) ldeZd ([k) vdeZd (x) vdeZd (?k) ldeZd (Ä) vdeZd

78
12 pkYlZ MkfoZu
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) 12 iQjojh 1809 dks Jqtcsjh esa gqvk FkkA
([k) og i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ esa viuh NksVh cgu ls ,dne fiQlM~Mh FksA
(x) cpiu esa mUgsa vaMs cVksjus dk 'kkSd FkkA blfy, og fpfM+;k osQ ?kksalys ls vaMs mBkrs FksA vkxs
pydj okbV n~okjk fyf[kr ^lsycksuZ* uked iqLrd i<+us osQ ckn os if{k;ksa dh vknrksa ij è;ku
nsus yxs vkSj bl ckjs esa [kkl ckrksa dks fy[kus Hkh yxsA
(?k) MkWDVj cVyj LowQy esa Mk£ou oqQN [kkl vPNk ugha dj jgs Fks] blfy, muosQ firk th us mUgsa
MkWDVjh dh i<+kbZ osQ fy, ,fMucxZ ;wfuo£lVh Hkst fn;kA
(Ä) iknjh cuus dk fopkj rc ne rksM+ x;k] tc Mk£ou us izo`Qfroknh osQ :i esa ^chxy* tgkt ij
dke djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA
fyf[kr
1- (d) cpiu esa Mk£ou dh fofHkUu izdkj dh ph”kksa osQ laxzg esa #fp FkhA og ikS/ksa osQ uke
tkuus dh dksf'k'k djrs] 'ka[k] fcYykSjh] iRFkj] flDosQ vkSj /krqvksa osQ VqdM+s cVksjrsA lkFk
gh mUgsa fpfM+;k osQ vaMs cVksjus dk Hkh 'kkSd FkkA
([k) egt viuh cgknqjh fn[kkus osQ fy,A
(x) ogk¡ rqdcanh djus ij ”kksj fn;k tkrk FkkA lkFk gh tks oqQN i<+k;k tkrk Fkk] mls vPNh
rjg ls ?kksaVdj ;kn djus ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tkrk FkkA
(?k) Mk£ou u rks dksbZ /qu gh le> ikrk Fkk vkSj u gh ctk ikrk FkkA og lgh rjhosQ ls
xquxquk Hkh ugha ldrk Fkk] fiQj Hkh mls laxhr ls izse FkkA og laxhr eaMyh tkdj iSls
nsdj laxhr lqurk vkSj mlesa vkuan ysrk FkkA
(Ä) Mk£ou dhV&iraxksa dks idM+dj mudk laxzg djrs FksA os izdkf'kr fooj.kksa osQ lkFk bu dhVksa
osQ ckgjh y{k.k dHkh&dHkh feyk ysrs Fks] fiQj muosQ uke j[krsA os ejs gq, dhV&iraxksa
dks Hkh cVksjrs FksA
(p) Mk£ou us ,d e”knwj j[k fy;k Fkk] tks ljfn;ksa esa iqjkus o`{kksa dh Nky dks dkV&Nk¡Vdj
cM+s FkSys esa Hkj ykrk Fkk vkSj blh rjg nynyh bykdksa ls ljoaQMs vkSj owQM+k&djdV cVksj
ykrk Fkk ftlesa ls Hkàxksa dks Nk¡Vk djrs FksA
79
ewY;ijd iz'u
iknjh cuus ij Mk£ou osQoy /eZ ls lacaf/r iqLrdksa dks gh i<+ ikrsA foKku ls nwj gks tkrsA
dhV&Hkàxksa dh [kkst dk Hkh R;kx djuk iM+rkA muosQ thou dh fn'kk gh cny tkrhA
ugha! eSa bl mfDr ls iw.kZr% lger ugha gw¡A oSKkfud cuus osQ fy, tquwu] ftKklk vkSj lkèkuk
dh vko';drk gSA gk¡] vkSipkfjd f'k{kk mlesa lgk;d cu ldrh gS] ijarq fcuk mlosQ Hkh
liQy oSKkfud cuk tk ldrk gSA ,sls dbZ oSKkfudksa osQ mnkgj.k feyrs gSaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
Mk£ou dks ;g irk ugha Fkk fd viuk 'kkSd iwjk djus dh pkg esa os dksbZ cM+k dk;Z dj jgs gSaA
ftl izdkj ls fdlh dfo dks viuh dfork osQ izdk'ku ij vikj vkuan feyrk gS] mlh izdkj
ls viuk uke iqLrd esa Nik gqvk ns[kdj Mk£ou dks vk'p;Z rFkk vkuan dh vuqHkwfr gqbZA bu
'kCnksa us muesa u;k mRlkg o tks'k Hkj fn;kA
cPps Lo;a vius vuqHko ls f'k{kk iz.kkyh dh lekurk osQ fo"k; esa fy[ksaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- jhfrokpd µ tYnh&tYnh] vpkud] yxHkx] rs”kh ls] /hjs] tSls&rSls
dkyokpd µ vkt] izfrfnu] vHkh] jkrHkj] dy
LFkkuokpd µ b/j&m/j] ft/j] lkeus] uhps] nwj
ifjek.kokpd µ FkksM+k] vf/d] de] dkI+kQh
2- (d) eq>s mRlkg ls [kfut cVksjus gSaA
([k) chú,ú dh fMxzh tSls&rSls ys gh yhA
(x) bu dhVksa dh phj&iQkM+ eSa ugha djrk FkkA
(?k) eq>s chtxf.kr osQ lw=k cseryc osQ gh yxrs FksA
(Ä) mUgksaus eq>ls dgk fd eSa iknjh cu tkm¡QA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
oSKkfud cuus osQ fy, ftKklq gksuk vfuok;Z gSA lkFk gh yxu] ifjJe] n`<+ fu'p;] roZQ 'kfDr]
rFkk vuq'kklu tSls xq.kksa dk gksuk vko';d gSA pkYlZ Mk£ou esa ;s lHkh xq.k fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a vius tquwu osQ ckjs esa foLrkj ls fy[ksaxsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a baVjusV rFkk iqLrdksa dh lgk;rk ls izLrqrhdj.k rS;kj djsaxsA
80
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) pkYlZ Mk£ou dk cpiu oSQlk Fkk\
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([k) Mk£ou dks ,slk D;ksa eglwl gksrk Fkk fd LowQyh f'k{kk osQ uke ij muosQ ikl oqQN [kkl
ugha Fkk\
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(x) ,fMucxZ ;qfuo£lVh dk vuqHko Mk£ou osQ fy, oSQlk jgk\

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(?k) Mk£ou osQ firk th us mUgsa iknjh cuus dh lykg D;ksa nh\
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(Ä) D;k Mk£ou dks laxhr izseh dgk tk ldrk gS\

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2- 'kCnksa dk feyku dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) uhjl (i) o.kZu
([k) fuBYyk (ii) ,d=k djuk
(x) fooj.k (iii) jlghu
(?k) laxzg (iv) dk;e
(Ä) cjdjkj (v) fudEek
81
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- okD;ka'kksa ;k okD;ksa dks mi;qDr leqPp;cks/d dk iz;ksx djosQ tksfM+,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

blfy, ijarq ysfdu ¯drq fiQj Hkh
(d) LowQyh f'k{kk oqQN [kkl ugha FkhA (i) eSa iSls nsdj laxhr lqurkA
([k) eq>s vaMs cVksjus dk 'kkSd FkkA (ii) eSa bu dhVksa dh phj&iQkM+ djuk ilan
ugha djrk FkkA
(x) lgh rjhosQ ls xquxqukuk rks esjs fy, (iii) rqdcanh djus ij ”kksj fn;k tkrk FkkA
dfBu FkkA
(?k) Hkàxh dhVksa dk osQoy laxzg djus dk (iv) izo`Qfroknh osQ :i esa ^chxy* esa dke
tquwu FkkA 'kq: fd;kA
(Ä) eSa iknjh ugha cuuk pkgrk FkkA (v) eSa ,d ckj esa ,d gh vaMk mBkrk FkkA
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) nqyZHk µ -------------------------- ([k) nqHkkZX; µ --------------------------
(x) liQy µ -------------------------- (?k) ilan µ --------------------------
(Ä) u;k µ --------------------------
3- izR;; yxkdj u, 'kCn cukb,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) f'k{kk $ ----------- ¾ ----------------------- ([k) foKku $ ----------- ¾ -----------------------
(x) mRlqd $ ----------- ¾ ----------------------- (?k) izdk'k $ ----------- ¾ -----------------------
(Ä) izo`Qfr $ ----------- ¾ -----------------------
82
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- D;k thou esa liQy gksus osQ fy, f'kf{kr gksuk ”k:jh gS\ roZQ lfgr vius fopkj fyf[k,A 5
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2- Mk£ou xjfe;ksa dh NqV~fV;ksa esa fu'kksuck”kh fd;k djrs Fks] tho&tarqvksa] isM+&ikS/ksa vkfn
dks tk¡prs&ij[krs FksA vki izo`Qfr ls fdruk tqM+s gq, gSa\ crkb,A 5
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83
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) pkYlZ Mk£ou cpiu esa i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ esa fiQlM~Mh FksA os ikS/ksa osQ uke tkuus dh dksf'k'k
djrs] 'ka[k] iRFkj] flDosQ vkSj /krqvksa osQ VqdM+s cVksjrs vkSj fpfM+;k osQ vaMs cVksjrsA
([k) Mk£ou dks yxrk Fkk fd LowQy esa osQoy bfrgkl vkSj Hkwxksy gh lgh vFkks± esa i<+k;k tkrk
gSA ckdh lkjs fo"k;ksa dks osQoy ;kn djus ij cy fn;k tkrk Fkk] ftls tYnh gh og Hkwy
tkrs FksA blls Kku izkIr ugha gks jgk FkkA
(x) ogk¡ Mk£ou dks ekuo 'kjhj 'kkL=k ij vè;kidksa osQ O;k[;ku uhjl yxrsA yk[k dksf'k'kksa
osQ cko”kwn Hkh os phj&iQkM+ dh dyk ugha lh[k ik,A
(?k) Mk£ou dks xjfe;ksa dh NqV~fV;ksa esa fu'kkusck”kh djus esa vkuan vkrk FkkA Mk£ou osQ firk th
dks Mk£ou dh cguksa ls irk pyk fd Mk£ou dks fI+kQ”khf'k;u ugha cuukA rc mUgksaus Mk£ou
dks iknjh cuus dh lykg nhA fuBYyk f'kdkjh cuus ls rks ;gh vPNk FkkA
(Ä) gk¡] Mk£ou laxhr izseh FksA Hkys gh os xkus dh /qu u rks xk ldrs Fks vkSj u gh ctk ldrs
FksA ysfdu laxhr lquus esa mUgsa cgqr vkuan vkrk FkkA laxhr iszeh dgykus osQ fy, ;g xq.k
i;kZIr gSA
2- (d) uhjl (iii) jlghu
([k) fuBYyk (v) fudEek
(x) fooj.k (i) o.kZu
(?k) laxzg (ii) ,d=k djuk
(Ä) cjdjkj (iv) dk;e
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) LowQyh f'k{kk oqQN [kkl ugha Fkh ijarq rqdcanh djus ij ”kksj fn;k tkrk FkkA
([k) eq>s vaMs cVksjus dk 'kkSd Fkk ysfdu eSa ,d ckj esa ,d gh vaMk mBkrk FkkA
(x) lgh rjhosQ ls xquxqukuk rks esjs fy, dfBu Fkk fiQj Hkh eSa iSls nsdj laxhr lqurkA
(?k) Hkàxh dhVksa dk osQoy laxzg djus dk tquwu Fkk ¯drq eSa bu dhVksa dh phj&iQkM+ djuk ilan
ugha djrk FkkA
(Ä) eSa iknjh ugha cuuk pkgrk Fkk blfy, izo`Qfroknh osQ :i esa ^chxy* esa dke 'kq: fd;kA
2- (d) lqyHk ([k) lkSHkkX; (x) vliQy (?k) ukialn+ (Ä) iqjkuk
3- (d) f'k{kk $ br ¾ f'kf{kr ([k) foKku $ bd ¾ oSKkfud (x) mRlqd $ rk ¾ mRlqdrk
(?k) izdk'k $ oku ¾ izdk'koku (Ä) izo`Qfr $ bd ¾ izko`Qfrd

84
13 cgqr fnuksa ds ckn
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) xzkeh.k ifjos'k
([k) lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dh ped ls vkSj idh gksus osQ dkj.k iQlysa lqugyh yx jgh FkhaA
(x) dks;y tSlh ehBh vkok”k osQ dkj.kA
(?k) panu dk jax eVeSyk gksrk gS] lkFk gh panu dks ifo=k Hkh ekuk tkrk gSA xk¡o dh /wy Hkh ifo=k
o eVeSyh gksrh gSA
(Ä) dfo us cgqr fnuksa ckn euialn ns'kh [kkuk [kk;k] ftlls mudk eu rÌr gks x;kA
(p) ^rkts&VVosQ* 'kCn iwQyksa osQ rkts gksus dh vksj laosQr djrs gSaA
fyf[kr
1- (d) dfo us cgqr fnuksa ckn idh lqugyh iQlyksa dks ygjkrs gq, ns[kkA
([k) dks;y dh rjg e/qj&ehBh rku osQ dkj.kA
(x) ekSyfljh osQ iwQyksa dh euHkkou xa/A
(?k) xk¡o osQ [ksrksa&xfy;ksa osQ chp ls fudyrs ladjs dPps jkLrksa dks ixMaMh dgrs gSaA dfo
dks yxk fd vkt cgqr fnuksa ckn mlus vius xk¡o dh ifo=k /wy dks Li'kZ fd;k gSA
(Ä) ^cgqr fnuksa ckn* 'kh"kZd vR;ar egRRoiw.kZ gSA ;g dfork osQ ewy Hkko dh vksj laosQr
djrk gSA blosQ n~okjk dfo osQ dbZ fnu ckn ?kj vkus dk laosQr fd;k x;k gSA
2- dfo vius thou dh HkkxnkSM+ esa bruk O;Lr jgk fd xk¡o dks Hkwy gh x;kA vkt vpkud mldk
è;ku xk¡o dh NksVh&NksVh oLrqvksa] ?kVukvksa vkSj n`';ksa dh vksj pyk x;kA vkt cgqr yacs le;
ckn xk¡o osQ viusiu us mldh laosnuk dks NqvkA
ewY;ijd iz'u
xk¡o dk izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z] yksdlaxhr] u`R;] [kkuiku o yksd laLo``QfrA
cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
85
mPpLrjh; iz'u
dfo us xUus osQ jl] iwQyksa dh lqxa/] ixMaMh dh panuo.khZ /wy] idh lqugyh iQlyksa vkSj xk¡o
dh ;qofr;ksa osQ e/qj yksdxku dks lqudj Lo;a dh r`fIr dk o.kZu fd;k gSA bu lHkh ls mldh
vk¡[ksa] dku] ukd o ftg~ok dks jlkLoknu izkIr gqvkA
'kgj dk thou HkkSfrd lq[k&lfo/kvksa ls Hkjk gqvk gS] tgk¡ Hkkx&nkSM+] oaQdjhV] fn[kkoVhiu vkSj
ik'pkR; laLo`Qfr dh Nki fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA blosQ foijhr xk¡o esa unh&ukys] isM+&ikS/ksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa]
[ksr&[kfygkuksa dk izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA xk¡o esa viuRo] HkkbZ&pkjs] lkSgknzZ vkSj yksd
laLo`Qfr osQ n'kZu gksrs gSaA ogk¡ Hkkjrh;rk vius pje ij gSA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- cPps Lo;a dfork esa ls <w¡<+dj fy[ksaxsA
2- (d) ns[kh iQlyksa dh eqldku
([k) [kk;k rkye[kkuk
(x) Nqvk panuo.khZ /wy
(?k) lw¡?ks ekSyfljh osQ iwQy
(Ä) lquk dksfdy oaQBh rku
3- (d) Lo:i :ioku :igyh oqQ:i
([k) deZB deZohj nq"deZ ldeZd
(x) jlhyk uojl jljax jlHkjh
(?k) HkjisV Hkjld Hkje Hkj.k
(Ä) Hkwnku Hkwnso Hkweè; Hkwpky
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
ge xk¡o osQ izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z] rk”kh LoPN gok] ikuh] [kkn~; inkFkZ] yksdlaxhr&u`R; vkSj xzkeh.k
laLo`Qfr (esys] ioZ vkfn) osQ vusdkusd lq[kksa ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA
xk¡oksa dh nqnZ'kk dks lq/kjus osQ fy, ge vk£Fkd :i ls enn djus osQ lkFk&lkFk gLrf'kYi]
y?kq&mn~;ksxksa rFkk gLrdj?ks ls cuh oLrqvksa dks [kjhn ldrs gSaA ge vius fon~;ky; dh vksj
ls lekt dY;k.k ;kstuk vkjaHk dj ldrs gSaA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
cPps Lo;a viuk vuqHko fy[ksaxsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps vius fopkj izLrqr djsaxs ftlls muesa oko~QiVqrk rFkk roZQ'kfDr dk fodkl gksxkA
86
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) dfo us cgqr fnuksa ckn th Hkj D;k ns[kk\
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([k) dfo us cgqr fnuksa ckn th Hkj D;k lquk\

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(x) ekSyfljh osQ iwQyksa dh ckr fdl lanHkZ esa dh xbZ gS\
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(?k) dfo us ixMaMh osQ fy, x¡obZ 'kCn dk iz;ksx D;ksa fd;k gS\
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(Ä) fdu laosnukvksa dks dfo us ,d lkFk Hkksxk\

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2- dkj.k crkb,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5
(d) cgqr fnuksa ckn gh D;ksa\
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([k) ^vcdh ckj* gh D;ksa dgk\

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87
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk okD;&iz;ksx dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) th Hkj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) rkts&VVosQ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) <sj&<sj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) lkFk&lkFk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) eqldku µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- dfork esa ls ik¡p fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks"; Nk¡fV,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------
------------------------------- -------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr v'kqn~/ 'kCnksa dks 'kqn~/ dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) ekysfljh µ ------------------------------
([k) xo¡bZ µ ------------------------------
(x) LiZ'k µ ------------------------------
(?k) punuoj.kh µ ------------------------------
(Ä) dksdhy µ ------------------------------
88
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- vkidks dc&dc ,slk yxrk gS fd cgqr fnuksa ckn vkius oqQN fo'ks"k vuqHko
fd;k gS\ 5
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2- vkidk thou xk¡o ij fdl izdkj fuHkZj djrk gS\ lksp&fopkj dj fyf[k,A 5
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89
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) xk¡o dh idh lqugyh ygygkrh iQlyksa dks ns[kkA
([k) xk¡o dh /ku owQVrh fd'kksfj;kssa osQ e/qj ehBs xku dks lqukA
(x) xk¡o osQ ekSyfljh osQ rkts f[kys&f[kys iwQyksa dh egd us dfo dh laosnuk dks Nw fy;kA
(?k) ^x¡obZ* dk vFkZ gS xk¡o dh vFkkZr~ xk¡o dh ixMaMh ij pyus esa viukiu gSA mldh
èkwy&feV~Vh esa xk¡o dh egd gSA
(Ä) dfo us :i&jax&xa/&Li'kZ&'kCn osQ vkuan dks cgqr fnuksa osQ ckn ,d lkFk HkksxkA
2- (d) dfo us thou dh vkik/kih esa ckgjh okrkoj.k osQ viusiu vkSj lkSan;Z dks Hkqyk gh fn;k
FkkA vc cgqr fnuksa ckn tc bldh vksj è;ku x;k rks mls vuqHko gqvk fd bl vkuan vkSj
r`fIr ls og cgqr fnuksa rd oafpr jgkA
([k) dfo dguk pkgrk gS fd xk¡o ls mldk iqjkuk ukrk gSA og blosQ iwQy&iRrksa] iQlyksa] xUus
osQ jl] ixMaMh vkfn dks fur ns[krk gS] ijarq vcdh ckj mls blosQ lkSan;Z vkSj viusiu
dk vglkl gqvk gSA bl ckj mldh vkRek dks tks r`fIr feyh gS] og blls igys dHkh
ugha feyhA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) vkt eSa th Hkj lks;kA
([k) rkts&VVosQ iwQyksa dh egd ls dejk Hkj x;kA
(x) ekyfodk us <sj&<sj yM~Mw [kk,A
(?k) vfer vkSj ufer lkFk&lkFk cM+s gq,A
(Ä) Jho`Q".k dh eqldku euHkkou gSA
2- (d) dksfdy oaQBh rku ([k) rkts&VVosQ iwQy (x) panuo.khZ /wy
(?k) x¡obZ ixMaMh (Ä) idh lqugyh iQlysa
3- (d) ekSyfljh ([k) x¡obZ (x) Li'kZ
(?k) panuo.khZ (Ä) dksfdy

90
14 ,d dgkuh budh Hkh
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) ogk¡ ghjs&tokgjkr osQ ck”kkj FksA
([k) vaxzs”kksa dh lSfud Nkofu;ksa esa tkdj xqIr lans'k nsrh] dHkh u`R; osQ cgkus lSfud Nkouh ls xqIr
lwpuk ys vkrhA
(x) Hkkjr&phu ;qn~/ osQ ckn ljdkj us peksyh esa lSfudksa osQ fy, lqxe ekxZ cukus osQ fy, isM+ksa
dks dkVus dk vkns'k fn;kA
(?k) >kalh osQ jktk dh e`R;qA
fyf[kr
1- (d) lsuk dh Nkouh ls xqIr lwpuk,¡ ykus osQ lkFk&lkFk og enkZus os'k esa 'k=kq lsuk dks phjrh
pyh tkrh] rks dHkh fL=k;ksa dks izf'k{k.k] ?kk;yksa dks nw/] Hkkstu o vkS"kf/ c¡VokrhA
([k) igyh ckj fdRrwj osQ fdys dks ?ksjus ij jkuh psuEek us nks g”kkj ns'kHkDrksa osQ lkFk dyDVj
FkSdjs dks ogk¡ ls Hkxk fn;kA ysfdu nks fnu ckn FkSdjs us nqckjk vkozQe.k dj fdRrwj osQ
fdys ij dC”kk dj fy;kA
(x) vyduank esa 1970 esa izy;dkjh ck<+ vkbZ] ftlosQ dkj.k yksxksa esa ck<+ vkus osQ dkj.kksa
vkSj mlosQ mik;ksa osQ izfr tkx:drk c<+hA
(?k) xksjk nsoh us lHkh efgykvksa dks ,df=kr fd;k vkSj os lc BsosQnkjksa dk fojks/ djus yxhaA
lHkh efgyk,¡ isM+ksa dks dkVus ls cpkus osQ fy, isM+ksa ls fpid xb±A
(Ä) jkuh y{ehckbZ us jktk dh e`R;q osQ ckn vaxz”kksa ls VDdj ysus dk iz.k ys fy;kA og cM+s
gh lkgl ls ysfÝVusaV okWdj ls yM+hA mls ijkftr dj og fujarj vkxs c<+rh xbZA mlus
Xokfy;j ij Hkh vf/dkj dj fy;kA tujy fLeFk dks Hkh ijkftr fd;kA mlus Lora=krk
dh Tokyk dks pkjksa vksj iSQyk fn;kA var esa og ohjxfr dks izkIr gks xbZA
2- (d) (ii) ([k) (iii) (x) (iv) (?k) (ii) (Ä) (iii)
ewY;ijd iz'u
laxBu esa gh 'kfDr gSA vosQyk puk HkkM+ ugha iQksM+ ldrkA ,drk osQ cy ls cM+h dfBukbZ dk
Hkh lkeuk fd;k tk ldrk gSA jkuh psuEek osQ lkFk ns'kHkDr tqM+s] jkuh y{ehckbZ osQ lkFk ukuk
91
/aq/wir tSls 'kkld tqM+s rFkk xkSjk nsoh osQ lkFk xk¡o dh efgyk,¡] cPps] cw<+s rFkk toku tqM+s]
blfy, ;s lHkh ohjkxauk,¡ la?k"kZ djus esa leFkZ gqb±A
µ cPps cky&e”knwjh osQ fojks/ esa vius ifjokjokyksa o iM+ksfl;ksa dks tkx:d dj ldrs gSaA
µ vius LokLF; osQ fy, 'kkSpky; cuokus osQ fy, ekrk&firk dks lger dj ldrs gSaA
µ ^f'k{kk dk vf/dkj* ij iksLVj cukdj vius {ks=k esa tuer rS;kj dj ldrs gSaA
µ ikfjokfjd ¯glk dk fojks/ dj ldrs gSaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
lHkh ohjkaxuk,¡ fuMj] n`<+ fu'p;h] cqn~f/efr] nwjn'khZ rFkk tkx:d FkhaA
ohjrk dk laca/ osQoy Lora=krk laxzke ls gh ugha tksM+uk pkfg,A ohj ,oa ohjkaxuk dk vFkZ gS
vius drZO; dk ikyu djus okyk rFkk vius o nwljksa osQ vf/dkjksa osQ fy, [kM+k gksus okykA
bl vFkZ esa xkSjk nsoh dks ohjkaxuk dguk mfpr gS] D;ksafd mUgksaus Hkh lHkh taxyokfl;ksa osQ fgr
osQ fy, vkok”k mBkbZ FkhA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) laiznku ([k) drkZ (x) laca/ (?k) vf/dj.k
(Ä) deZ (p) laca/ (N) vf/dj.k
2- (d) flikgh ([k) ukfj;k¡ (x) xkM+h (?k) urZfd;k¡
(Ä) unh (p) jkfu;k¡ (N) yM+dh (t) f”kEesnkfj;k¡
3- cPps Lo;a vuqPNsn fy[ksaxsA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
Hkkjr vkt Hkh ijra=k jgrkA gesa nwljksa osQ v/hu jguk iM+rkA ns'k dh izxfr vkSj mUufr u gks
ikrhA vkt fo'o esa gekjs ns'k dk bruk uke gS] ijarq vxj gesa vk”kknh u feyrh rks ge fiNM+s
gh jg tkrsA ns'k dh turk csclh vkSj ykpkjh dh ¯”knxh thus dks e”kcwj gks tkrhA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
ge xka/h th tSls usrkvksa osQ lkFk tqM+dj Lok/hurk laxzke esa c<+&p<+dj fgLlk ysrs] fons'kh
oLrqvksa dk cfg"dkj djrs rFkk vius izk.kksa dh ck”kh yxk nsrsA
cPps Lo;a iz'uksRrjh cuk,¡xsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a tkudkjh izkIr djsaxsA
cPps Lo;a iqLrdky; ls iqLrd ysdj dfork i<+saxsA
92
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) jkuh psuEek fdu&fdu ckrksa esa izoh.k Fkha\
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([k) mRrjk[kaM osQ yksx fdl fo"k; esa tkx:d jgs gSa\
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(x) y{ehckbZ osQ fiz; [ksy dkSu&ls Fks\

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(?k) vthtu lsuk esa oSQls 'kkfey gks xbZ\

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(Ä) xkSjk nsoh osQ oaQ/ksa ij ifjokj dh lkjh ftEesnkjh D;ksa vk xbZ\
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2- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r mfpr 'kCn ls dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) jkuh us leLr iztk dks --------------------------- fd;k fd og vafre lk¡l rd yM+sxhA
([k) xkSjk nsoh ij ,d Hkkjh lkekftd --------------------------- vk iM+kA
(x) nksuksa lsukvksa esa --------------------------- ;qn~/ gqvkA
(?k) ?kk;y gksdj fxjh ¯lguh] mls --------------------------- ikuh FkhA
(Ä) dyDVj FkSdjs us jkuh dks --------------------------- dh psrkouh nhA
93
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) oqQn`f"V µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
([k) oS/O; µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(x) X;kjg µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(?k) fczfV'k µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
(Ä) ;qn~/ µ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------ $ ------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk laf/&foPNsn dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) lEeku µ ---------------------- $ ----------------------
([k) fo"ke µ ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(x) ohjxfr µ ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(?k) vR;kpkj µ ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(Ä) vkReleiZ.k µ ---------------------- $ ----------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ls izR;; Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) p£pr µ --------------------------------
([k) oSKkfud µ --------------------------------
(x) gSjkuh µ --------------------------------
(?k) Lora=krk µ --------------------------------
(Ä) iqyfdr µ --------------------------------
94
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- vkt vkradh geyksa us ns'k dh 'kkafr dks Hkax dj fn;k gSA ,d tkx:d ukxfjd gksus osQ
ukrs vki bl leL;k osQ lek/ku osQ fy, fdl izdkj dk ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSa\ 5
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2- vkt osQ ;qx esa vkidks vius vklikl ,sls dkSu&ls O;fDr fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] ftUgsa vki ohj
;k ohjkaxuk dg ldrs gSa\ 5
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95
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ?kqM+lokjh] vL=k&'kL=k vkSj ;qn~/ fon~;kA
([k) vius cqfu;knh vf/dkjksa] ty&taxy vkSj ”kehu dh j{kk osQ fy, ges'kk tkx:d jgs gSaA
(x) udyh ;qn~/] O;wg dh jpuk] f'kdkj [ksyuk] lSU; ?ksjuk vkSj nqxZ ?ksjukA
(?k) 1857 dh ozQkafr ls izHkkfor gksdj vthtu ukuk lkgc osQ fo'oLr 'ke'kqn~nhu [kk¡ osQ ekè;e
ls xqIrpj lsuk esa 'kkfey gks xbZA
(Ä) xkSjk nsoh 21 o"kZ dh mez esa gh fo/ok gks xbZA i'kq&ikyu] [ksrh&ckM+h vkSj mQuh dkjksckj
dh f”kEesnkjh buosQ oaQ/ksa ij vk xbZA
2- (d) vk'oLr ([k) mRrjnkf;Ro (x) ?keklku
(?k) ohjxfr (Ä) vkReleiZ.k
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) o~Q $ m $ n~ $ ½ $ "k~ $ V~ $ b
([k) o~ $ ,s $ /~ $ v $ o~ $ ;~ $ v
(x) x~ $ ;~ $ vk $ j~ $ v $ g~ $ v
(?k) c~ $ j~ $ b $ V~ $ b $ 'k~ $ v
(Ä) ;~ $ m $ n~ $ /~ $ v
2- (d) le~ $ eku ([k) fo $ le (x) ohj $ xfr
(?k) vfr $ vkpkj (Ä) vkRe $ leiZ.k
3- (d) br ([k) bd (x) bZ
(?k) rk (Ä) br

96
15 deZohj
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) deZohj] D;ksafd bUgsa vius mQij iwjk Hkjkslk gSA HkkX;oknh yksxksa dks ckn esa iNrkuk iM+rk gSA
([k) deZohj viuk dk;Z rqjar djrs gSa] mls Vkyrs ughaA os vius dk;Z dks lksp&le>dj Lo;a vius
cycwrs ij djrs gSaA
(x) deZohj vius le; dks O;FkZ dh ckrksa vkSj dk;ks± esa cjckn ugha djrsA os dke ls th ugha pqjkrsA
(?k) deZB yksx dfBu dk;Z dks djus ls Hkh ?kcjkrs ugha gSa] vr% vlaHko dks Hkh laHko cuk nsrs gSaA
(Ä) deZohj /S;Z] n`<+ fu'p;] vkRe la;e vkSj ifjJe ls vlaHko dks Hkh laHko dj fn[kkrs gSaA
(p) fdlh Hkh ns'k dh rjDdh osQ ihNs mlosQ ukxfjdksa dk gkFk gksrk gSA ;fn ukxfjdksa esa lPps
deZohj osQ xq.k gSa rks ns'k esa fon~;k] cqn~f/ rFkk /u&oSHko dh deh ugha jg ldrhA og ns'k
mUufr o izxfr osQ iFk ij fujarj vxzlj jgsxkA
fyf[kr
1- (d) dfBu dk;ks± dks ns[kdj deZohj eq¡g ugha cukrsA os fopfyr ugha gksrsA
([k) deZohj fo?u&ck/kvksa dks ns[kdj ?kcjkrs ugha] cfYd /S;Z vkSj vkRe la;e ls nq"dj dk;Z
Hkh vklkuh ls dj tkrs gSaA
(x) lPps deZohj fpyfpykrh /wi dks pk¡nuh esa cny nsrs gSaA os gj leL;k dk lek/ku [kkst
gh ysrs gSaA
(?k) my>usa vFkkZr~ #dkoVsa deZohjksa dks vius iFk ls fMxk ughas ldrhA ck/k,¡ vkus ij os vkSj
vf/d mRlkg ls Hkj tkrs gSa rFkk vius mn~ns'; dh iw£r djosQ gh ne ysrs gSaA
(Ä) ^deZohj* dfork esa deZohj tSlk cuus dh izsj.kk nsrs gq, dfo dgrk gS fd deZohj og
gS tks thou esa vkus okyh ck/kvksa] leL;kvksa vkSj dfBukb;ksa dk /S;Z] la;e vkSj lw>cw>
ls lkeuk djsA ns'k dk dY;k.k ,sls gh deZohj ukStoku dj ldrs gSaA
(p) deZohjksa osQ fy, deZ gh mudh iwtk gSA os fo?u&ck/kvksa dks ns[kdj ?kcjkrs ugha gSaA os
vkRefuHkZj rFkk vkRefo'oklh gksrs gSaA os le; dk egRRo tkurs gSaA
97
2- deZohj brus Hkys gSa fd tks izse ls gkFk c<+k, ;k iqdkjs cl mlh osQ cu tkrs gSa vFkkZr~ lHkh
ls ukrk tksM+ ysrs gSaA os lHkh ,sls gh liwrksa osQ gkFkksa iys gSaA dfo dk ekuuk gS fd tc ,sls
ohj tUe ysaxs rc ns'k vkSj tkfr dh HkykbZ vFkkZr~ mUufr vkSj izxfr gksxhA
ewY;ijd iz'u
ns'k osQ ukxfjd gh mldk Hkfo"; gksrs gSaA ;fn izR;sd ukxfjd vius drZO;ksa dk ikyu iwjh
bZekunkjh o fu"Bk ls djs rks ns'k dks vkxs c<+us ls dksbZ rkdr ugha jksd ldrhA gekjs vklikl
,sls dbZ yksx gSa tks ,d vPNs ukxfjd dh ifjHkk"kk esa [kjs mrjrs gSa] cPps Lo;a mnkgj.k nsaxsA
,d fon~;kFkhZ osQ fy, ekrk&firk] xq#] vè;kid rFkk fe=kksa bR;kfn ls fopkj&foe'kZ djus osQ
lkFk&lkFk le;≤ ij muosQ ekxZn'kZu dh Hkh vko';drk iM+rh gSA izR;sd fon~;kFkhZ dks
vius 'kkjhfjd o ekufld fodkl osQ fy, vusd iz;kl djus iM+rs gSa] tSls [ksyowQn esa fo'ks"k
n{krk gkfly djuk] fp=kdkjh lh[kuk] vfrfjDr Kku dh izkfIr gsrq vksyafi;kM tSlh ifj{kk,¡
nsuk bR;kfnA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
deZohj brus n`<+ fu'p;h gksrs gSa fd ,d iz.k esa muosQ cqjs fnu Hkh Hkys cu tkrs gSaA dgus dk
vFkZ gS fd os vkRefuHkZj gksrs gSaA viuh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku <w¡<+dj gh ne ysrs gSaA os vius
bjknksa osQ iDosQ gksrs gSa] blfy, muosQ cqjs fnu Hkh vf/d nsj rd ugha jgrsA
cPps Lo;a vius Kku o dYiuk osQ vk/kj ij oqQN mnkgj.k nsdj mRrj dh iqf"V djsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- cPps vè;kfidk dh mifLFkfr esa fojke fpg~uksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, dfork dk vkn'kZ lLoj
okpu djsaxsA
2- ekurs th gSa lqurs gSa lnk lcdh dgh
os uewuk vki cu tkrs gSa vkSjksa osQ fy,
dkSu ,slk dke gS os dj ldrs ftls ugha
ckr gS ;g dkSu tks gksrh ugha muosQ fy,
dj fn[kkrs gSa vlaHko dks Hkh laHko os ogk¡
3- puk & Buk iQys & Mys Hkys & iys dHkh & rHkh dgk¡ & ogk¡
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA
98
dYiuk dh mM+ku
;fn Hkkjr dk izR;sd ukxfjd deZohj cu tk, rks Hkkjr nqfu;k dk loZ'kfDreku ns'k cu tk,xkA
Hkz"Vkpkj] csjks”kxkjh] vf'k{kk vkSj iznw"k.k dk ukeks&fu'kku feV tk,xkA lkaiznkf;d lkSgknzZ osQ
okrkoj.k esa jk"Vª mUufr djsxkA ckgjh o vkrafjd [krjksa dk eqdkcyk djus esa l{ke gks tk,xkA
euhf"k;ksa dk ^Lo£.ke Hkkjr* dk liuk iwjk gks tk,xkA
vkb,] oqQN djsa

cPps Lo;a tkudkjh ,d=k dj lwph cuk,¡xsA
99
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) ^HkhM+ esa papy* cuus dk vFkZ Li"V dhft,A
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([k) deZohj osQ fy, le; dk D;k egRRo gS\

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(x) deZohj dk;Z&LFky dk irk D;ksa ugha iwNrs\

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(?k) îwQys&iQys* ls ns'k dh fdu fo'ks"krkvksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k x;k gS\
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(Ä) deZohj osQ fy, vkn'kZ oSQls cu tkrs gSa\

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2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) ^gS dfBu oqQN Hkh ugha*] ftuosQ gS th esa ;g BukA
dksl fdrus gh pysa] ij os dHkh Fkdrs ughaA
dkSu&lh gS xk¡B ftldks [kksy os ldrs ughaA
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([k) tks enn djrs gSa viuh bl txr esa vki ghA
Hkwydj os nwljksa dk eq¡g dHkh rdrs ughaA
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100
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lkFk milxZ tksM+dj 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

v Lo nql~ fuj~ oqQ
(d) ---------------- $ le; ¾ ----------------------------------------
([k) ---------------- $ laHko ¾ ----------------------------------------
(d) ---------------- $ mRlkg ¾ ----------------------------------------
(d) ---------------- $ deZ ¾ ----------------------------------------
(d) ---------------- $ ns'k ¾ ----------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa ls okD; cukb,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) yksgs osQ pus pckuk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) th pqjkuk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) Bku ysuk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) eq¡g rkduk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) xk¡B [kksyuk µ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5
(d) tks fujarj iz;Ru'khy jgs µ ----------------------------------------
([k) 'k=kq dks ekjus esa vleFkZ µ ----------------------------------------
(x) ftls Lo;a ij vfHkeku gks µ ----------------------------------------
(?k) iz'kalk djus ;ksX; µ ----------------------------------------
(Ä) rs”k cqn~f/ okyk µ ----------------------------------------
101
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- vkidks vius vklikl osQ okrkoj.k esa dksbZ deZohj tku iM+rk gS\ mlosQ ckjs esa la{ksi esa
fyf[k,A 5
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2- vkradokfn;ksa dks idM+us osQ fy, vkiosQ 'kgj osQ iqfyl vf/dkjh viuh tku
dh ck”kh yxk nsrs gSa\ D;k vki mUgsa deZohj ekusaxs\ roZQ lfgr mRrj nhft,A 5
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102
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) deZohj ;fn ?kcjk Hkh tk,¡] rks vius Hkkoksa dks fu;a=k.k esa j[krs gSaA nwljksa osQ lkeus O;Dr
ugha gksus nsrsA
([k) deZohj vkt osQ dke dks dy ij ugha VkyrsA muosQ fy, le; ewY;oku gSA
(x) D;ksafd gj le;] gj txg muosQ fy, deZ{ks=k gSA
(?k) ns'k dh izR;sd {ks=k esa mUufr tSls f'k{kk] O;kikj&okf.kT;] dyk] foKku vkSj [ksy vkfnA
(Ä) vius xq.kksa] 'kfDr vkSj cqn~f/cy ls egku dk;Z djosQA
2- (d) deZohjksa dk ;g ukjk gS fd dksbZ Hkh dke dfBu ughaA os ftruk Hkh ifjJe dj ysa] ijarq
Fkdrs ughaA os deZB gSaA os gj leL;k dk gy fudky gh ysrs gSaA fdlh Hkh izdkj dk
fo?u muosQ ekxZ dks ugha jksd ldrkA os fujarj xfr'khy gSaA
([k) tks yksx vkRefuHkZj gksrs gSa] tks dHkh enn osQ fy, nwljksa osQ lgkjs cSBs ugha jgrs vkSj tks
Lokoyach gksrs gSa] os gh lPps deZohj gksrs gSaA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) oqQ $ le; ¾ oqQle;
([k) v $ laHko ¾ vlaHko
(x) fuj~ $ mRlkg ¾ fu#Rlkg
(?k) nql~ $ deZ ¾ nq"deZ
(Ä) Lo $ ns'k ¾ Lons'k
2- (d) ,ojsLV ij p<+uk ioZrkjksfg;ksa osQ fy, yksgs osQ pus pckuk gSA
([k) vkf'kek lnk dke djus ls th pqjkrh gSA
(x) fon~;kFkhZ ;fn Bku ys fd mls liQy gksuk gh gS] rks dksbZ ijh{kk eqf'dy ughaA
(?k) jes'k ges'kk x`gdk;Z iwjk djus osQ fy, vius nksLr dk eq¡g rkdrk gSA
(Ä) chjcy gj xk¡B [kksyus esa fln~/gLr FkkA
3- (d) deZB ([k) 'k=kq?u (x) LokfHkekuh
(?k) iz'kaluh; (Ä) oqQ'kkxzcqn~f/

103
16 laxBu esa 'kfDr
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) iQy
([k) 'kk[kk jaxhu frrfy;ksa] erokys HkkSajksa vkSj jlhyh e/qefD[k;ksa dk esyk yxk, jgrh gSA
(x) cjxn
(?k) fouez isM+
(Ä) tM+ksa us jl Hkstuk can dj fn;k vkSj ruk <hyk iM+us yxk] 'kk[kk,¡ >qdus yxha vkSj iwQy eqj>kus
yxsA
fyf[kr
1- (d) taxy dk dksbZ Hkh isM+ mlosQ vkdkj] :i] jax] xa/ vkfn lqanj xq.kksa osQ dkj.k mldk
eqdkcyk ugha dj ikrk FkkA
([k) ikfjtkr dk izR;sd vax vius dks cM+k le>rk FkkA 'kk[kkvksa us dgkµ^^fo'kkyrk mlosQ ne
ij gSA** ruk dgus yxkµ^^lkjh 'kku vkSj uke esjh otg ls gSA** iRrh us dgkµ^^Hkkstu
cukdj lcdk isV eSa ikyrh gw¡A** vkSj iwQy] iQy Hkh viuh&viuh lqanjrk dh nqgkbZ nsus
yxsA tM+ dk dguk Fkk fd ^êsjs dkj.k rqe thfor gksA** bl rjg ls viuh&viuh «U$»§‹Ë]
viuk&viuk jkx vykius ls lcus dke djuk can dj fn;kA
(x) ikfjtkr osQ lHkh vaxksa osQ vlg;ksx osQ dkj.k lHkh us vius fu;r vkSj fuf'pr dk;ks± dks
djuk can dj fn;kA ifj.kkeLo:i ikfjtkr dk var gks x;kA
(?k) cw<+s cjxn us dgkµ^^rqe esa ls vosQyk dksbZ Hkh ikfjtkr ugha] rqe lc feydj gh ikfjtkr
dgykus osQ vf/dkjh gksA feydj dke djus ls gh rqe ftvksxs Hkh vkSj uke Hkh dekvksxsA
lg;ksx gh rqEgkjh nkSyr gSA lg;ksx gh thou vkSj lg;ksx gh rkdr gSA**
(Ä) lcls cM+k ogh gS] tks viuk dke iw.kZ fu"Bk vkSj yxu ls djrk gSA tks nwljksa osQ fy,
thrk gS] og egku gSA lcosQ Hkys esa gh gjsd dk Hkyk gSA
2- (d) iRrh us ([k) iwQy us (x) tM+ us (?k) cjxn us (Ä) cjxn us
3- (d) gk¡ ([k) ugha (x) gk¡ (?k) ugha (Ä) ugha
ewY;ijd iz'u
104
cjxn osQ le>kus ij ikfjtkr isM+ osQ lHkh vax fey&tqydj ,dtqV gks tkrs gSaA ge fgald
rFkk Øks/h O;fDr;ksa dks le>krs gq, ikfjtkr isM+ dk mnkgj.k nsaxs rFkk muls dgsaxs fd vkil
esa izse ls jgus ij ,drk cuh jgrh gS] gekjh 'kfDr nqxuh gksrh gS ftlls dksbZ tYnh VDdj ugha
ysrkA dfBu&ls&dfBu dk;Z Hkh ljyrk ls de le; esa iw.kZ gks tkrs gSaA pkjksa vksj [kq'kgkyh
NkbZ jgrh gSA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a ikB dks i<+dj fy[ksaxsA
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) ljy okD; ([k) la;qDr okD; (x) fefJr okD; (?k) ljy okD;
(Ä) fefJr okD; (p) la;qDr okD; (N) ljy okD;
2- cPps Lo;a ikB dks è;ku ls i<+dj fy[ksaxsA
3- (d) lj $ rkt ([k) lqgkuk $ iu
(x) vuq $ Hko $ bZ (?k) eksgd $ rk
(Ä) vuq $ Hko (p) cqn~f/ $ eku
(p) fo $ fHkUu (N) cM+ $ vIiu
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
izLrqr dgkuh vius 'kh"kZd osQ vuq:i ikfjtkr osQ u"V gksus vkSj fiQj ls fey&tqydj dk;Z djus
dh vksj laosQr djrh gSA ys[kd us ftl mn~ns'; dks lkeus j[kdj ;g dgkuh fy[kh] mlesa og
iwjh rjg ls liQy gqvk gSA iksjl vkSj Á‚∑¢§Œ⁄U dh dgkuh Hkh ;gh n'kkZrh gS] rks nwljh vksj ns'k
dh liQyrk vkSj rjDdh Hkh ,dtqV jgdj dk;Z djus esa gh gSA blfy, ys[kd iw.kZr% vius
mn~ns'; esas [kjk mrjk gSA ^,drk esa cy gS* bldk vU; 'kh"kZd gks ldrk gSA
cw<+s cjxn us ikfjtkr dks ftl le; le>k;k] og volj osQ vuqowQy FkkA lgh oDr dks pqudj
cw<+s cjxn us mls le>k;k] rkfd mldh lykg dks ikfjtkr lqu ys vkSj vius vanj tks de”kksjh
gS] mls nwj dj losQA
cw<+s cjxn us vius rjhosQ ls le>kdj ikfjtkr isM+ osQ ?keaM dks pwj&pwj dj fn;kA mlus
mls ;g lykg Hkh nh fd rqEgkjh tks 'kku gS] ftl ?keaM osQ vk/kj ij rqe [kM+s gks] og rqEgkjh
'kku ugha gS] cfYd rqEgsa bl LFkku rd igq¡pkus esa rqEgkjs lHkh vaxksa us lg;ksx fn;k gS] rqels
izse osQ dkj.k mUgksaus vius LokFkks± dh oqQckZuh nh gSA
rqEgsa pkfg, fd rqe vius vaxksa osQ egRRo dks le>ksA rqEgkjk dksbZ vax u NksVk gS] u gh cM+kA
lHkh dk egRRo leku gSA rqe izes vkSj lg;ksx osQ cy ij nqckjk ls LFkku cuk ldrs gksA
cw<s+ cjxn osQ isM+ us ftl izdkj ls ikfjtkr dks le>k;k] ge mlls 'kr&izfr'kr lger
gSa] D;ksafd le>kus dk dksbZ nwljk rjhdk gekjh u”kj esa ugha gks ldrkA
105
dYiuk dh mM+ku
ftl izdkj ls ikfjtkr isM+ osQ lHkh vax vius egRRo dks ysdj vkil esa yM+us yxs] viuh
rqyuk nwljs vaxksa dh rqyuk ls djos Q vius&vki dks loZJs"B le>us yxs] vkil esa yM+kbZ&
>xM+k vkSj rdjkj gksus yxh] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i lHkh vaxksa us lg;ksx nsuk can dj fn;k vkSj
ifj.kke Hk;adj fudykA isM+ eqj>k x;k] ruk <hyk gks x;kA ,d le; Fkk tc taxy osQ lHkh
eksj] dks;y] rksrs] iihgs] cqycqy isM+ ij vkrs Fks] cqjk oDr vkus ij lcus lkFk NksM+ fn;k vkSj
isM+ [kaMgj cu x;kA
ogh gky gekjs 'kjhj osQ vaxksa dk Hkh gSA ftl le; gekjs 'kjhj dk dksbZ vax dke djuk
can dj ns ;k lg;ksx nsuk can dj ns vkSj yM+kbZ&>xM+k djus yxs] rks ge fdlh&u&fdlh chekjh
osQ f'kdkj gks tk,¡xsA vaxghu gksus ij ge ikfjtkr ikS/s osQ leku ej.k'khy gks tk,¡xs] tSls fd
^^pyrh&fiQjrh yk'kA** gekjs 'kjhj dk vfLrRRo lHkh vaxksa osQ lkFk nsus rd gh gS] ftl fnu
lcus lkFk nsuk NksM+ fn;k] og fnu gekjk vkf[kjh fnu gksxk ;kuh fd ge e`R;q'kSÕ;k ij gksaxsA
'kjhj osQ vaxksa osQ ikl vius ckjs esa dgus osQ fy, oqQN Hkh ugha jgsxkA
'kjhj osQ lHkh vaxksa dh ckrphr %
efLr"d µ eSa lcls mQij jgrk gw¡A lkspus vkSj le>us dh lkjh fØ;k,¡ ;k ;kstuk,¡ eq>ls gh
curh gSaA
eq¡g µ tc dksbZ Hkkstu djrk gS] rks gkFk esjs gh ikl vkrs gSaA eSa rks 'kjhj dk eq[; n~okj
gw¡A
vk¡[k µ vPNk! 'ks[kh er c?kkjksA eSa gh og gw¡] ftlosQ lgkjs ls gj dksbZ ns[krk gSA
ukd µ eq>s D;k de le>k gS\ rqels dksbZ ns[krk gh gS] ysfdu eSa fcuk ns[ks gh lc crk
nsrh gw¡ fd ?kj esa D;k cuk gS\ eSa lw¡?kus dk dke djrh gw¡ vkSj D;k crkm¡Q! tc
tqdke gksrk gS] rks Nhad&Nhaddj 'kjhj dh xanxh ckgj fudkyrh gw¡A
iSj µ vks! HkkbZ] lc vius ckjs esa crk jgs gSaA esjs ckjs esa lkspks! lcdk Hkkj eSaus mBk;k
gSA cspkjh Vk¡xsa lqcg ls 'kke rd pyrs&pyrs Fkd tkrh gSaA
gkFk µ HkkbZ iSj! eSa rqEgkjs nq[k ls nq[kh gw¡] ysfdu esjs egRRo dks dksbZ ugha le>rkA fdlh
Hkh ph”k dks idM+us o mBkus osQ fy, eSa gh dke vkrk gw¡A
(vkil esa ckrsa djrs gq,) lHkh vaxksa dk egRRo gSA gesa vkil esa ugha yM+uk pkfg,] ftruk
gks losQ ge izse ls jgsa vkSj ,d&nwljs dk lg;ksx djsaA
thou oqQN gh iyksa dk gSA mlosQ ckn u tkus dkSu dgk¡ gksxk\ lHkh viuk dk;Z djrs gSaA
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
106
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) ikfjtkr dk isM+ ckdh lc isM+ksa dh bZ";kZ dk ik=k D;ksa cu x;k Fkk\
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([k) cw<+s cjxn us ,d fnu nksigj dks D;k lquk\

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(x) ikfjtkr dh iRrh us Lo;a dks loZJs"B D;ksa crk;k\

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(?k) fdlus [kqn dks ikfjtkr dk izk.k crk;k rFkk D;ksa\

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(Ä) cw<+s cjxn us lcdks D;k le>k;k\

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2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) e”kkj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) bZ";kZ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) nq'kkyk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) dhfrZ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) roZQ µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
107
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa jpuk dh n`f"V ls Hksn fu/kZj.k dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

la;qDr okD;] fefJr okD;] ljy okD;
(d) esjs fon~;ky; osQ ikl ,d eafnj gSA ---------------------------------------
([k) vanj ls Nkrk ys vkvks rkfd ckfj'k ls cp losaQA ---------------------------------------
(x) geus viuk x`gdk;Z dj fy;kA ---------------------------------------
(?k) tc eSa mBh] rc /wi fudyh gqbZ FkhA ---------------------------------------
(Ä) rqe [kkuk [kkvks vkSj lks tkvksA ---------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa mn~ns'; rFkk fo/s; Nk¡fV,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

mn~ns'; fo/s;
(d) ,d uV[kV ckyd [ksy jgk gSA -------------------------- --------------------------
([k) fpfM+;ksa us nkus pqx fy,A -------------------------- --------------------------
(x) ?kksM+k rs”k Hkkx jgk gSA -------------------------- --------------------------
(?k) lqfer lkbfdy pyk jgk gSA -------------------------- --------------------------
(Ä) nksuksa cguksa us HkkbZ dks jk[kh ck¡/hA -------------------------- --------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fuikrksa dks Nk¡fV,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) eSa rks fI+kQYe ns[kus tkÅ¡xh gh] rqe pyksxs\ ------------------------------------
([k) >xM+k gksus osQ ckn ls jfo us vuqt dh rjI+kQ ns[kk Hkh ughaA ------------------------------------
(x) gehn dks xf.kr esa osQoy lkr vad feys gSaA ------------------------------------
(?k) rqe dgrs gks] rks eku ysrk gw¡A ------------------------------------
(Ä) rqe rks xqfM+;k&lh fn[krh gksA ------------------------------------
108
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- dYiuk dhft, fd ikfjtkr dh rjg gekjs 'kjhj osQ lHkh vax vkil esa >xM+k dj ysa]
rks mldk D;k ifj.kke gksxk\ 5
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2- ^ ,drk esa cy gS*µbl fo"k; ij 80&100 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn fyf[k,A 5

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109
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) ikfjtkr dk isM+ ckdh lc isM+ksa dh bZ";kZ dk ik=k blfy, cu x;k Fkk] D;ksafd mldh
lqanjrk cstksM+ FkhA mldk jax&:i fujkyk FkkA mldh lqxa/ cgqr I;kjh FkhA cgkj osQ fnuksa
esa og vufxur iwQyksa ls yn tkrk Fkk vkSj pqacd dh rjg lHkh frrfy;ksa o e/qefD[k;ksa
dks viuh rjI+kQ [khaprk FkkA
([k) ,d fnu nksigj dks cw<+s cjxn us lquk fd ikfjtkr osQ ?kj esa lc vkil esa >xM+k dj jgs
FksA izR;sd vax vius dks gh cM+k le> jgk Fkk rFkk eku jgk Fkk fd ikfjtkr dh [;kfr
osQoy mlh osQ dkj.k gSA
(x) ikfjtkr dh iRrh Lo;a dks blfy, Js"B crk jgh Fkh] D;ksafd mlosQ vuqlkj og gh lcdks
Hkkstu djokrh gSA og [kqn xanh gok ihdj lkI+kQ gok nqfu;k dks nsrh gSA
(?k) ikfjtkr dh tM+ us [kqn dks ikfjtkr dk izk.k crk;k] D;ksafd og gh lcosQ ik¡o cudj
/jrh esa teh gqbZ gS rkfd ikfjtkr osQ rus] 'kk[kk,¡] iwQy&ifRr;k¡ lc [kM+s jg losaQA
(Ä) cw<+s cjxn us lcdks ,drk dk egRRo le>k;kA mUgksaus le>k;k fd vius&vki esa vosQyk
dksbZ ikfjtkr ugha gS] lcls feydj gh ikfjtkr curk gSA cw<+s cjxn us lHkh ls >xM+k
Hkwydj izse rFkk lg;ksx ls jgus osQ fy, dgkA
2- (d) fnYyh osQ pk¡nuh pkSd esa fe”kkZ X+kkfyc dh e”kkj gSA
([k) gesa nwljksa ls bZ";kZ u djosQ muosQ xq.kksa dks viukuk pkfg,A
(x) eafnj dh lhf<+;ksa ij nq'kkyk igus ,d L=kh cSBh gSA
(?k) egkRek xka/h dh dhfrZ ;qxksa&;qxksa rd cuh jgsxhA
(Ä) roZQ ls dHkh fdlh leL;k dk lek/ku ugha gqvk gSA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) ljy okD; ([k) la;qDr okD; (x) ljy okD; (?k) fefJr okD; (Ä) la;Dq r okD;
2- mn~ns'; fo/s;
(d) ,d uV[kV ckyd [ksy jgk gSA
([k) fpfM+;ksa us nkus pqx fy,A
(x) ?kksM+k rs”k Hkkx jgk gSA
(?k) lqfer lkbfdy pyk jgk gSA
(Ä) nksuksa cguksa us HkkbZ dks jk[kh ck¡/hA
3- (d) rks] gh ([k) Hkh (x) osQoy (?k) rks (Ä) rks] lh

110
17 dSds;h dk vuqrki
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) ¯lgh
([k) mlls Hkjr dk ekrìn u Nhuk tk, A
(x) ;fn mls Hkjr us mdlk;k gks] rks og ifr osQ leku iq=k Hkh [kks nsA
(?k) miek
(Ä) [kM+h cksyh
fyf[kr
1- (d) oSQosQ;h jke dks ?kj okil ykSVus osQ fy, dg jgh gSaA
([k) jke dks ouokl Hkstus esa Hkjr dk dksbZ nks"k ugha] bl ckr osQ leFkZu esa jkuh oSQosQ;h us
dgk fd eSa 'kiFk [kkdj dgrh gw¡ fd bl dk;Z osQ fy, Hkjr us eq>s mRlkfgr ugha fd;k
FkkA ;fn vkidks fo'okl u gks] rks eSa dle [kk ldrh gw¡ fd tSls eSaus ifr dks [kks;k gS]
oSls gh iq=k dks Hkh [kks nw¡A
(x) oSQosQ;h us dgk fd esjs oqQÑR; ij Hkjr us eq>ls ekrk dgyokus dk xkSjo Hkh Nhu fy;kA
vHkh rd rks yksx ;gh dgrs vk, gSa fd iq=k cqjk Hkys gh gks tk,] ysfdu ekrk dHkh iq=k
dk cqjk ugha pkg ldrhA
(?k) ;qxksa&;qxksa rd ;g dBksj dgkuh pyrh jgsxh fd j?kqoqQy esa ,d vHkkfxu jkuh us tUe
fy;k Fkk] ftlus LokFkZ osQ o'khHkwr gksdj jke dks ouokl rFkk Hkjr dks jkT; fnyokus dk
iz;Ru fd;kA ,slh jkuh f/Ddkjus osQ ;ksX; gSA
(Ä) tc oSQosQ;h us izk;f'pr djrs gq, dgk fd eq>s f/Ddkj gS] eSa Hkjr dks tUe nsdj Hkh mlosQ
Hkhrj >k¡d ugha ikbZ] blfy, Hkjr us eq> ls ekrk dk xkSjo Hkh Nhu fy;kA gs jke! vxj
rqeus eq>s ◊Ê$»§ dj fn;k rks ?kj ykSV pyks] rc bl ij Jhjke us ekrk oSQosQ;h dks /U;
dgrs gq, t;?kks"k fd;k fd ftlus eq>s Hkjr osQ leku HkkbZ fn;k] og ekrk èkU; gSA
2- (d) (iii) ([k) (iv) (x) (i) (?k) (iv)
111
ewY;ijd iz'u
ge lqiq=kh ;k lqiq=k cuus osQ fy, vius ekrk&firk osQ lkFk fuEufyf[kr O;ogkj djsaxsµ
µ ge vkKkdkjh cusaxsA ck”kkj ls eg¡xh ph”k [kjhnus osQ fy, ftn~n ugha djsaxsA
µ ?kj dks lkI+kQ&lqFkjk j[kus esa mudh enn djsaxsA ?kj osQ NksVs&cM+s dk;ks± dks muosQ funsZ'ku esa
djsaxsA
µ cM+ksa dk lEeku djsaxsA
µ ?kj esa rFkk LowQy esa viuk O;ogkj e/qj j[ksaxsA
µ lHkh osQ lkFk izse ls jgsaxsA yM+kbZ&>xM+k ugha djsaxsA
µ vPNs dk;Z djsaxsA ijksidkjh cusaxs rkfd mudk uke jks'ku gksA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
Hkk"kk&Kku
2- (d) ’$»¸§&lk BaMk ([k) vk¡/h&lk rs”k
(x) nw/&lk ‚$»§Œ (?k) /wi&lk pedhyk
(Ä) iRFkj&lk dBksj (p) lksus&lk lqugjk
(N) #bZ&lk eqyk;e (t) eD[ku&lk fpduk
3- cPps vius vè;kid@vè;kfidk o ekrk&firk dh lgk;rk ls fy[ksaxsA
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
oSQosQ;h us jke osQ fy, ouokl rFkk Hkjr osQ fy, jktxn~nh ek¡xdj mfpr ugha fd;k] D;ksafd
jke th jktk n'kjFk osQ lcls cM+s iq=k Fks] blfy, jktxn~nh ij mudk gh vf/dkj curk FkkA
ekuk oSQosQ;h jke th dh lkSrsyh ek¡ Fkh] ijarq Fkh rks vkf[kj ek¡A ek¡ dk ân; bruk dksey o
okRlY; ls fyIr gksrk gS fd og vU; cPpksa dks Hkh Lo;a osQ cPpksa tSlk gh Lusg nsrh gS] ijarq
oSQosQ;h dk ân; LokFkZ osQ o'khHkwr gksdj iRFkj dh Hkk¡fr dBksj gks x;k Fkk vkSj mUgksaus ,d
csVs osQ fy, vius nwljs csVs osQ lkFk bruk cM+k vU;k; dj Mkyk] ftls vkt rd Lej.k fd;k
tkrk gSA
dYiuk dh mM+ku
vkb,] oqQN djsa
cPps Lo;a djsaxsA
112
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) oSQosQ;h dh ckr lqudj lc pkSad D;ksa x,\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) ^tudj Hkh eSaus u Hkjr dks tkuk*µoSQosQ;h us ,slk D;ksa dgk\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) ;qxksa&;qxksa rd oSQosQ;h dks fdl :i esa ;kn fd;k tk,xk\

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(?k) eaFkjk osQ fo"k; esa oSQosQ;h us D;k dgk\

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(Ä) var esa jke us oSQosQ;h dks gh /U; D;ksa ekuk\

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2- Hkko Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) ^^gS iq=k&iq=k gh] jgs oqQekrk ekrkA**
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([k) ^^rks ifr leku gh Lo;a iq=k Hkh [kksÅ¡A**

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113
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) cI+kZQ&lk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) #bZ&lk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) iwQy&lh µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) lksus&lk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) vk¡/h&lk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) ijekFkZ µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
([k) ân; µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
(x) rq"kkjko`rk µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
(?k) =kSyksD; µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
(Ä) okRlY; µ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ ----- $ -----
3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ls laca/cks/d Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) jkt osQ ikl lqanj fp=k gSaA ---------------------------------
([k) gesa jkr ls igys t;iqj igq¡puk gSA ---------------------------------
(x) fon~;ky; osQ ihNs ,d eafnj gSA ---------------------------------
(?k) jfo ls igys oqQynhi ?kj igq¡pkA ---------------------------------
(Ä) pkowQ osQ n~okjk lC”kh dkVksA ---------------------------------
114
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- ge lc ôSQosQ;h* osQ fo"k; esa tkurs gSaA D;k mudk vius csVs osQ fy, jktxn~nh ek¡xuk
mfpr Fkk\ lkspdj fyf[k,A 5
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2- ôSQosQ;h u gksrh rks jko.k&o/ Hkh u gksrkA* D;k vki bl dFku ls lger gSa\ 5
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115
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) oSQosQ;h dh ckr lqudj lc blfy, pkSad x,] D;ksafd ftl oSQosQ;h us gB djosQ jke dks
ouokl fnyk;k Fkk] ogh vkt jke] y{e.k rFkk lhrk ls ykSV pyus dks dg jgh FkhA
([k) oSQosQ;h us ,slk blfy, dgk] D;ksafd ftl Hkjr osQ fy, mUgksaus jke dks ouokl fnyk;k
Fkk] mlh Hkjr us viuh ek¡ dh HkRlZuk dh rFkk jkT; dks jke dh /jksgj le>kA Hkjr osQ
Hkkr`&izse dks oSQosQ;h ek¡ gksdj Hkh ugha le> ldh FkhA
(x) ;qxksa&;qxksa rd oSQosQ;h dks oqQekrk rFkk cqjh iRuh osQ :i esa ;kn fd;k tk,xkA iq=k&eksg esa
va/h gksdj mUgksaus viuk ifr] iq=k lc [kks fn;kA
(?k) eaFkjk dks nks"kh u ekurs gq, oSQosQ;h us dgk fd mudk viuk fo'okl gh vVy ugha Fkk]
blfy, eaFkjk osQ cgdkos esa vkdj os cgd Hkh xb± rks cspkjh eaFkjk dk mlesa D;k nks"k FkkA
(Ä) var esa jke us Hkjr osQ dkj.k oSQosQ;h dks /U; ekukA bruh vHkkfxu gksus osQ ckn Hkh Hkjr
dh ek¡ gksus osQ dkj.k os /U; FkhaA Hkjr us ,d vPNk iq=k rFkk vPNk HkkbZ gksus dk drZO;
fuHkk;k FkkA
2- (d) bl iafDr dk Hkko gS fd fo/krk us oSQosQ;h osQ ekè;e ls viuh ml mfDr dks xyr fln~/
dj fn;k fd iq=k oqQiq=k gks ldrk gS] ijarq ekrk oqQekrk ugha gks ldrhA ;gk¡ oSQosQ;h ,d
oqQekrk fln~/ gqbZA
([k) bl iafDr dk Hkko gS fd oSQosQ;h viuh lPpkbZ dk lcwr ns jgh FkhA mUgksaus jke ls okfil
v;ksè;k pyus dks dgkA mUgksaus dgk fd ,slk og Hkjr osQ ncko osQ dkj.k ugha cksy jgh
Fkha] lPps eu ls jke dks okfil cqyk jgh FkhaA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) BaM osQ dkj.k mldk gkFk cI+kZQ&lk BaMk gks x;k FkkA
([k) fcYyh dk cPpk #bZ&lk eqyk;e gksrk gSA
(x) gj ek¡ osQ fy, mldh csVh iwQy&lh dksey gksrh gSA
(?k) HkkbZ dh rjDdh ls lq"kek dk eq[kM+k lksus&lk ped mBkA
(Ä) jfo dejs esa vk¡/h&lk vk;k vkSj mlh rs”kh ls ckgj pyk x;kA
2- (d) i~ $ v $ j~ $ v $ e~ $ vk $ j~ $ Fk~ $ v
([k) g~ $ ½ $ n~ $ v $ ;~ $ v
(x) r~ $ m $ "k~ $ vk $ j~ $ vk $ o~ $ ½ $ r~ $ vk
(?k) r~ $ j~ $ ,s $ y~ $ vks $ o~Q $ ;~ $ v
(Ä) o~ $ vk $ r~ $ l~ $ v $ y~ $ ;~ $ v
3- (d) osQ ikl ([k) ls igys (x) osQ ihNs (?k) ls igys (Ä) osQ n~okjk

116
18 Lokeh foosdkuan
ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj
ekSf[kd
(d) 1863 esa
([k) ujsanzukFk
(x) czg~e lekt osQ
(?k) odhy
(Ä) vesfjdk esa
fyf[kr
1- (d) jkeÑ".k ijegal osQ
([k) Lokeh foosdkuan th osQ xq# dk uke jkeÑ".k ijegal FkkA os lh/s] ljy rFkk Kkuoku
O;fDr FksA os bZ'oj osQ vfLrRo esa fo'okl j[kus okys rFkk vius HkDrksa dh ftKklq izo`fRr
dks 'kkar djus esa l{ke FksA muosQ bUgha xq.kksa osQ dkj.k foosdkuan th us mUgsa viuk xq#
cuk;k FkkA
(x) Lokeh foosdkuan th dh ekrk th pkgrh Fkha fd os odhy cusa] vPNs ?kj esa mudk C;kg
gks] nqfu;k osQ lkjs lq[k Hkksxsa] ysfdu foosdkuan th dh ykSfdd lq[k Hkksxus esa #fp u FkhA
(?k) vkè;kfRed Kku dh izkfIr osQ fy, Lokeh th dks nks&nks] rhu&rhu fnu rd [kkuk u feyrk
FkkA vdlj ,sls LFkkuksa ij uaxs cnu lksuk iM+rk Fkk] tgk¡ dh lnhZ dk vank”kk FkekZehVj ls
Hkh ugha yx ldrk Fkk vFkkZr~ tgk¡ dk rkieku 0ú ls Hkh vR;f/d uhps gksrk FkkA taxyksa
esa HkVdrs gq, vdlj mudk lkeuk f'kdkjh tkuojksa_ tSls fd 'ksj&ck?k vkfn ls Hkh gks
tkrk FkkA
(Ä) Lokeh th osQ vkstLoh Hkk"k.kksa rFkk lPpkbZ ls Hkjs mins'kksa ls yksx brus izHkkfor Fks fd ogk¡
osQ v[kckjksa us Hkh Jn~/k vkSj lEeku osQ lkFk Lokeh th dh cM+kbZ dh FkhA Lokeh th dk
dFku Fkk fd deZ dks osQoy drZO; le>dj djuk pkfg,] mlesa iQy ;k lq[k&nq[k dh
Hkkouk ugha j[kuh pkfg,A ;s ,slh ckrsa Fkha] ftlls if'pe okys loZFkk vufHkK FksA
2- (d) gk¡ ([k) ugha (x) gk¡ (?k) ugha
117
ewY;ijd iz'u
lekt&lsok ,d iq.; dk dke gSA ;fn eq>s ;g dk;Z djus dks feys] rks eSa Lo;a dks
lkSHkkX;'kkyh le>w¡xk] ysfdu ,slh fodV ifjfLFkfr esa yksxksa dks lekt&lsok osQ fy,
izsfjr djuk gks] rks lcls igys eSa ihfM+r yksxksa dh vkfFkZd Lrj ij enn d:¡ xkA
muosQ fy, nokb;k¡] [kkuk o diM+ksa dk bartke d:¡ xk] fiQj eSa vU; yksxksa osQ ikl tkdj
ihfM+rksa osQ nq[kksa dk o.kZu d:¡ xkA muls dgw¡xk fd mUgsa vHkh gekjh vko';drk gSA gj
/eZ fl[kkrk gS fd tho ij n;k&Hkko j[kks vkSj d"V esa i¡Qls O;fDr dh lgk;rk djksA
ukud th] xka/h th] foosdkuan th o vU; yksxksa us lekt osQ dY;k.k dh dkeuk djrs
gq, deZ fd,] ftlls gekjk Hkkjr mUufr dh jkg ij py jgk gSA ;g vko';d ugha fd
/u&laifRr ls gh lgk;rk djsa] vki mudh lsok djosQ Hkh lgk;rk dj ldrs gSaA bu
lHkh rdks± ls muosQ Hkhrj fNis n;koku euq"; dks txkdj gh mUgsa lekt lsok osQ fy, izsfjr
d:¡ xkA
êkuo&lsok gh bZ'oj HkfDr dk lk/u gSA*µ;g dFku fcyoqQy lR; gS] D;ksafd ij&ihM+k dks
iki ekuk x;k gSA ;g ,d ,slk deZ gS tks gesa bZ'oj ls nwj ys tkrk gSA blfy, izR;sd /eZ esa
n;k o ijksidkj djus dks dgk x;k gS] ftlls euq"; bZ'oj osQ fudV igqp ¡ tkrk gSA euq"; ogh
gS tks nwljksa osQ nq[k dks viuk nq[k le>s] nwljksa dh leL;kvksa dks nwj djsA izR;sd /eZ esa n;k o
d#.kk dk ikB i<+k;k tkrk gSA vxj dksbZ fdlh ij vR;kpkj djs ;k csdlwj dks ;kruk ns] rks
gekjk drZO; curk gS fd ge csdlwj dk lgkjk cusaA U;k; o /eZ dh j{kk djuk lnk ls èkeZ gSA
tks nwljksa dh vFkkZr~ ekuo&lsok djrs gSa] os bl l`f"V dks pykus esa Hkxoku dh lgk;rk djrs
gSaA os bZ'oj dks fiz; gksrs gSaA
mPpLrjh; iz'u
ge muosQ vfr ljy LoHkko vkSj vfr fouez O;ogkj ls izHkkfor gSa vkSj mudks vius thou esa
viukuk pkgsaxsA
Lokeh th us Hkkjrh;ksa dks yydkjrs gq, ns'k o tkfr osQ izfr izse dh Hkkouk dk lapkj djus dk
iz;Ru fd;kA mudk dguk Fkk fd Hkh#rk ls ge Lok/hurk izkIr ugha dj ldrsA lhrk] lkfo=kh
vkSj ne;arh blh tkfr dh nsfo;k¡ gSaA gs ohj iq#"kks] enZ cuks vkSj yydkj dj dgksµeSa Hkkjrh;
gw¡] eSa Hkkjr dk jgus okyk gw¡A gj ,d Hkkjroklh pkgs og dksbZ Hkh gks] esjk HkkbZ gSA vui<+
Hkkjrh;] fu/Zu Hkkjrh;] m¡Qph tkfr dk Hkkjrh;] uhph tkfr dk Hkkjrh;] lc esjs HkkbZ gSaA Hkkjr
esjk thou] esjk izk.k gSA Hkkjr osQ nsork esjk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djrs gSaA Hkkjr esjs cpiu dk ¯gMksyk]
esjs ;kSou dk vkuan&yksd vkSj esjs cq<+kis dk cSoqaQB gSA
118
Hkk"kk&Kku
1- (d) izkÑfrd ([k) uSfrd (x) ikfjokfjd (?k) ,sfrgkfld
(Ä) lkIrkfgd (p) ekSf[kd (N) lkekftd (t) oSKkfud
(>) mn~;ksfxd (×k) ekSfyd
2- (d) egkjkt! D;k vki bZ'oj osQ vfLrRo esa fo'okl j[krs gSa\
([k) ujsanzukFk dh oSjkX;&o`fRr vf/dkvf/d c<+rh gh xbZA
(x) gs Hkkjr fuoklh Hkkb;ks! ;g vPNh rjg ;kn j[kks fd lhrk] lkfo=kh vkSj ne;arh rqEgkjh
gh tkfr dh nsfo;k¡ gSaA
(?k) mUgksaus ^jkeo`Q".k fe'ku* dh LFkkiuk dhA
(Ä) 4 tqykbZ] 1902 dks ,dk,d lekf/LFk gks x,A
3- µ I;kjs cPpks! vkt pkpk usg: dk tEufnu gSA
µ I;kjs Hkkb;ks! gesa feytqy dj jguk pkfg,A
µ esjs fe=kkss! vkt ge o`{kkjksi.k osQ fnu ikS/s yxk,¡xsA
µ gss ½f"k! ;s iQy xzg.k dhft,A
jpukRed xfrfof/;k¡
nwjn£'krk
Hkkjr dks cpiu dk ¯gMksyk] ;kSou dk vkuan&yksd rFkk cq<+kis dk cSoqaQB blfy, dgk x;k gS]
D;ksafd blh HkkjrHkwfe ij tUe ysdj ekuo cpiu dh ØhM+k,¡ djrk gSA ;kSou dk lq[k] dYiuk
dh mM+kusa rFkk thou dk lgkjk Hkh ;gh ekr`Hkwfe gSA blh ikou /jrh ij ekuoh; xq.kksa ls ;qDr
LoxZ&lk lq[k Hkksxus dk vkuan izkIr gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ekr`Hkwfe
thou osQ gj iM+ko esa euq"; osQ lq[k&nq[k dh lkFkh curh gS] rks ml /jrh dks oanuh; ekurs
gq, mldk lkFk nsuk Hkh ekuo dk gh drZO; gSA
I;kjs cPpks! vkt eSa cgqr [kq'k gw¡ fd eq>s vkiosQ le{k vius fopkjksa dks izdV djus dk volj
feykA cPpks] rqe vkus okys dy osQ Hkfo"; gksA dy rqEgkjs gh oa Q/ksa ij ns'k dh mUufr vkSj
fodkl dk Hkkj vk tk,xkA dy osQ jk"Vª fuekZrk rqe gh cuksxsA ;fn dHkh rqe xyr jkLrksa ij
py fn,] rks Hkkjr dh voufr Hkh rqEgkjs gh dkj.k gksxh] blfy, rqEgsa vHkh ls rS;kfj;k¡ 'kq:
dj nsuh pkfg,A vuq'kkflr cuks] mfpr ekxZ viukvks] lR; cksyks] yksxksa esa ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk
tkx`r djksA vHkh ls bu dk;ks± dks è;ku esa j[kksxs] rc gh Hkkjr dks le`n~/] fo'kky o fodflr
Hkkjr osQ :i esa ns[kksxsA
119
dYiuk dh mM+ku
;fn Lokeh th thfor gksrs rks os Hkkjr rFkk Hkkjrh;ksa dks ,d ubZ fn'kk nsrAs lekt ls csbekuh]
fj'or[kksjh] lkekftd cqjkb;ksa dk var dj nsrAs LoLFk iz'kklu nsrAs lHkh ns'kokfl;ksa esa mPp laLdkj
gksrsA gekjk ns'k lqna j vkSj lqjf{kr gksrkA
cPps Lo;a vius fopkj crk,¡xsA
vkb,] oqQN djsa

^jkeÑ".k fe'ku* laLFkku dh 'kk[kk,¡µdksydkrk] psUubZ] eqacbZ] jktLFkku] mRrj izns'k osQ fofHkUu
{ks=kksa esa gSaA bu laLFkkuksa esa yksx Lokeh jkeÑ".k ijegal osQ fln~/karksa ls voxr gksrs gSa vkSj Kku
dh izkfIr djrs gSaA ;gk¡ Lokeh foosdkuan th osQ fopkjksa dks xzg.k djrs gSaA bl laLFkku esa xjhcksa
o vehjksa lHkh dks leHkko LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA
^jkeÑ".k fe'ku* dh 'kk[kk,¡¡ fons'kksa esa Hkh gSaA
120
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


(d) Lokeh foosdkuan oQh f'k{kk&nh{kk osQ fo"k; esa fyf[k,A
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([k) jkeÑ".k ijegal us foosdkuan osQ iz'uksa dk D;k mRrj fn;k\

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(x) vesfjdk esa vk;ksftr loZ/eZ lEesyu esa Jksrk&eaMyh Lokeh th dh fdl ckr ls ea=keqX/
gks xbZ\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) Lokeh th dk pfj=k&fp=k.k dhft,A

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ^jkeÑ".k&fe'ku* dh LFkkiuk dk D;k mn~ns'; Fkk\

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

(d) deZ dks osQoy deZ le>dj djuk] mlesa iQy ;k lq[k&nq[k dh Hkkouk u j[kuk ,slh ckr
Fkh] ftlls if'pe okys vc rd vifjfpr FksA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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([k) ;g vPNh rjg ;kn j[kks fd lhrk] lkfo=kh vkSj ne;arh rqEgkjh gh tkfr dh nsfo;k¡ gSaA
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121
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa ^bd* izR;; tksM+dj u, 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) fnu $ bd ¾ -------------------------
([k) ewy $ bd ¾ -------------------------
(x) Hkwxksy $ bd ¾ -------------------------
(?k) lekt $ bd ¾ -------------------------
(Ä) foKku $ bd ¾ -------------------------
2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ nksckjk fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(d) ,d BaMk fxykl yLlh ns nksA -----------------------------------------------------------------------
([k) vkt esjs dks rsjs ls oqQN dke gSA -----------------------------------------------------------------------
(x) esjk ek¡ vPNk xkf;dk gSaA -----------------------------------------------------------------------
(?k) pkjksa cPpk [ksy jgk FkkA -----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Ä) ”kjk b/j rks vkb;ksA -----------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fuEufyf[kr fjDr LFkkuksa esa mfpr fØ;k 'kCn Hkfj,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(d) rq"kkj us viuk x`gdk;Z -------------------------- fy;kA (djuk)
([k) fgeka'kq osQ fe=k mlls ----------------------------- vk,A (feyuk)
(x) usrk th us pquko --------------------------------------------A (thruk)
(?k) pksj iqfyl ls cpdj ----------------------------- x;kA (Hkkxuk)
(Ä) rqe ck”kkj ls lC”kh ---------------------------------------A (ykuk)
122
dk;Z&if=kdkµ3

1- Lokeh foosdkuan n~okjk vesfjdk esa nh xbZ oDr`rk osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh izkIr djosQ
fyf[k,A 5
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2- ^LoLFk 'kjhj esa gh LoLFk eu dk fuokl gksrk gSA*µbl mfDr ij 80&100 'kCnksa dk ,d
ys[k fyf[k,A 5
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123
mRrj
dk;Z&if=kdkµ1
1- (d) Lokeh foosdkuan us cpiu esa vaxzs”kh LowQyksa esa f'k{kk ikbZ rFkk lu 1884 esa chú,ú dh
fMxzh izkIr dhA i<+kbZ osQ lkFk mUgksaus viuh vkè;kfRed f'k{kk dk Hkh è;ku j[kkA oqQN fnuksa
rd os czg~e lekt osQ vuq;k;h jgs] fiQj os jkeÑ".k ijegal osQ f'k"; cu x,A
([k) foosdkuan th osQ iwNus ij fd D;k os bZ'oj osQ vfLrRo esa fo'okl j[krs gSa rFkk D;k os
bZ'oj osQ vfLrRo dks fln~/ dj ldrs gSa] rks jkeÑ".k th us cM+h lgtrk ls mRrj fn;k
fd os bZ'oj dks Bhd oSls gh ns[krs gSa] tSls foosdkuan dksA
(x) vesfjdk esa vk;ksftr loZ/eZ&lEesyu esa Jksrk&eaMyh Lokeh th osQ ikafMR;iw.kZ] vkstLoh rFkk
/kjk&izokg Hkk"k.k ls ea=keqX/ gks xbZA
(?k) Hkkjr osQ uotkxj.k dh 'ka[k&èofu djus okys egkiq#"kksa esa Lokeh th dk LFkku vn~forh;
gSaA mUgksaus Hkkjr osQ fy, gh ugha] cfYd laiw.kZ fo'o osQ fy, vkè;kfRed mRFkku dk lans'k
fn;kA mudk ika fMR; vxk/ FkkA os vaxzs”kh] laLÑr rFkk n'kZu osQ fon~oku FksA os cgqr vPNs
oDrk Hkh FksA
(Ä) ^jkeÑ".k fe'ku* dh LFkkiuk dk mn~ns'; yksd&lsok djrs gq, fo'o esa osnkar dk izpkj
djuk FkkA bldh 'kk[kk,¡ Hkkjr rFkk fons'kksa esa Hkh fon~eku gSa tks turk dk cgqr midkj
dj jgh gSaA
2- (d) if'pe dh lH;rk HkkSfrdokn dks ekurh gSA Lokeh th us xhrk dk ;g lans'k mu rd
igq¡pk;k fd deZ esa vkLFkk j[kks] mlosQ iQy esa ughaA bl lans'k us mUgsa vfHkHkwr dj fn;kA
([k) Lokeh foosdkuan loZFkk izxfr'khy O;fDr FksA os ekurs Fks fd fL=k;k¡ lekt dk ,d vfHkUu
fgLlk gSaA thou esa vkxs c<+us osQ fy, L=kh&iq#"k] nksuksa dk ;ksxnku vfuok;Z gSA
dk;Z&if=kdkµ2
1- (d) nSfud ([k) ekSfyd (x) HkkSxksfyd (?k) lkekftd (Ä) oSKkfud
2- (d) ,d fxykl BaMh yLlh ns nksA ([k) vkt eq>dks rqels oqQN dke gSA
( x) esjh ek¡ vPNh xkf;dk gSaA (?k) pkjksa cPps [ksy jgs FksA
(Ä) ”kjk b/j rks vkvksA
3- (d) dj ([k) feyus (x) thrk (?k) Hkkx (Ä) ykvks

124

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978 93 5199 817 4 New - Rangoli TM 07

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f'k{kd&n£'kdk ,oa vH;kl&if=kdk

U;w ljLorh gkml (bafM;k) izkúfyú

Revised edition 2016

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.

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vkb,] oqQN djsa

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 ¾ 10

(x) ^laxhu ij j[k dj ekFkk* ls xhrdkj dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\

(?k) fdudh tokuh dks xhrdkj us /U; ekuk gS\

(Ä) xhrdkj us fduosQ fy, ;g dgkuh fy[kh gS\

2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

([k) ljgn ij ejus okyk] gj ohj Fkk Hkkjroklh

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fy, vusd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

2- ^bZ* izR;; yxkdj 'kCn cukb,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

(x) ¯gnqLrku $ bZ ¾ ----------------------------

(?k) toku $ bZ ¾ ----------------------------

(Ä) vk”kkn $ bZ ¾ ----------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ 1 ×5 ¾ 5

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

vkb,] oqQN djsa

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 ¾ 10

([k) iknjh dk yM+dk oSQlh izkFkZuk djuk pkgrk Fkk\

(x) ejh”k us jkr dks uhan u vkus dk D;k dkj.k crk;k\

(Ä) vycVZ us lM+d ij jsaxrs dhM+s dks ns[kdj D;k fd;k\

2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

([k) ogk¡ osQ yksx rks vf'kf{kr] vlH; gSaA

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

2- gesa viuh xyfr;ksa osQ fy, izk;f'pr D;ksa djuk pkfg,A 5

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 ¾ 10

([k) ^fpRr dh Lora=krk* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\

(x) rqylhnkl rFkk osQ'konkl esa D;k varj gS\

(?k) fpRr&o`fRr osQ cy ij euq"; D;k djrk gS\

2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 3×1 ¾ 3

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa mfpr LFkkuksa ij uqDrk yxkb,µ ½ × 4 ¾ 2

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ o.kZ&foPNsn dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 1 ×4 ¾ 4

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

2- ^ Lokoyacu*µbl fo"k; ij 80&100 'kCnksa esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,A 5

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 × 5 ¾ 10

([k) iRFkj rksM+us okyh ;qorh oSQlh fn[krh Fkh\

(x) og fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iRFkj rksM+ jgh Fkh\

(?k) bl dfork dk D;k mn~ns'; gS\

(Ä) ^<qyd ekFks ls fxjs lhdj* dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\

2- vk'k; Li"V dhft,µ 2½ × 2 ¾ 5

([k) ^^eSa rksM+rh iRFkj!**

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d

([k) mUgksaus :lh ys[kd dh dgkuh lqukbZA

(x) eSaus lM+d fdukjs ,d efgyk dks iRFkj rksM+rs ns[kkA

(?k) egfI+kQyksa esa vusd dof;f=k;ksa us viuh u”e lqukbZA

(Ä) rwus ge lcdks gjk fn;kA

2- leLr&in dk foxzg dhft,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

(?k) ekrk&firk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) deyu;u µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rRle :i fyf[k,µ 1×5 ¾ 5

uke % ---------------- d{kk % ---------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ---------------- iw.kk±d