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Instrumentation Control Question Answer
Instrumentation Control Question Answer
i.connect the air supply to input with the hepl of REGULATOR i.e 1.4kg/cm2
ii.connect the MASTER GAUGE to OUT PUT ok
and MAIN IMP POINT is ON the I/P's Ckt board Side 4 adjust ment buttons is
there and adjust that buttons Direct and Revese Actions ok
#7 Friends, plz understand the question first. The interviewer has mentioned
"how to calibrate a NEW i/p Converter?"
"Sir, the new i/p would be factory calibrated with high accuracy master
instruments, so before we commission it in the plant we have can check its
output by applying proper signal, unless we have good accuracy masters we no
need to disturb the calibration. If yes, we can do the calibration using the
30psi regulated supply, 4-20 mA source, and receiver gauge."
What is the difference between sensor and transducers?
Answer
Sensor is a receiving a signal. Transducers is a transmitting a data a data
#1 one device to another device.
#2 Sensor is an element which Receives a signal that is to be measured. Where as
a transducer is a device or a sensor which converts a physical data to an
electrical data.
#3 a sensor is one which measures a physical variable. a transducer is one which
transforms the physical variable into some other form which can be easily
processed by the remaining measurement system. if it is converting the signal
Into electrical form it is called electrical transducers.
#4 Sensor can only sense the element but transducer can convert physical energy
to another form. So sensor is not transducer but transducer is sensor.
#5 Sensor is a device which converts any physical quantity into electrical
quantity. But the transducer converts one form of energy into another form of
energy; it may either electrical or any other physical quantity.
#6 Sensor can only sense the physical quantity and convert into electric signal
(24v). But transducer senses the physical quantity then converts it into other
form of energy as type of transducer.
#7 Sensor is a device which can only sense the physical Quantity like
temperature, pressure etc. FOR PRESSURE BELLOWS IS A SENSOR
Transducer is a device which senses the physical quantity and converts that
physical quantity into electrical quantity eg. THERMOCOUPLE
#8 sensor is only used to measure the physical quantity such
as (temp, flow, level, pressure) but transducer is a device used to measure
the physical quantity and convert the electrical energy.
Can anybody will tell me about PID controller.
Answer PID CONTROLLER is a proportional integral differential controller that
#1 may b used at any electrical control application as the response of any
system is resulting from
the multiplication of any gain "prop" , differentiate it "diff" and then
integrate it.PSS is the most device at which we design it by PID either
with FLC or using POLE Placement can make a small pid using OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIER OR SIMPLE RLC CIRCUIT.
#2 For PID controller the actuating signal consists of proportional error
signal added with derivative and integral of the error signal. Therefore
the actuating signal for PID control is
ea (t)=e(t)+Td de(t)/dt + Kt}e(t)dt
#3 Its a one type of feedback system. PID controller try to correct the
error between a measured process variable and desired set point by
calculating and then it generates the corrective action accordingly
#4 Actually we can make it simple:
# P:
Its controller gains which modify the controller o/p proportional to the
error.
# I:
It’s a controller gain which modifies the controller o/p proportional to
the integral of the error.
# D:
It’s a controller gain which modify the controller o/p Proportional to
error rate of change.
We have 4 parameters in our control loop to focus on:
1 - the rise time: the period of time during which the pv get 90% of the
desired sp value
2 - max overshoot
3 - Settling time: the period of time during which the pv gets the
desired sp value and saturate.
4 - error/offset
we can get it clear from this pic:
Now we will take a look about the effect of each controller gain on these
parameters:
# P gain:
Decrease rise time increase max. over shoot increase settling time
decrease error (but not eliminate)
# I gain:
Decrease rise time increase max over shoot increase settling time
eliminates error.
# D gain:
no effect on rise time
decrease max over shoot
decrease settling time
Decrease error.
So set the temp. Still you not get result then pls regulate your flow and
also with your process gas you have to provide atmospheric air with set
pressure (>=1kg/cm2).
How u measure rooms temp? Is it possible 2 measure room temp by RTD or thermocouple? Between RTD n
thermocouple which is more regard?3 measure diff. between RTD n thermocouple?
Answer RTD is low range temp. Sensor (0-300) but
#1 thermocouple is for high range temp. (0-1400)RTD
measures temp. With change in resistance,
thermocouple measures temp. With reference of
cold junction, its output in mV.
Functions of electro pneumatic valve positioner?
Answer To reduce and to control the flow of the service which is passing through
#1
#2 All valve cannot be actuate directly using I to P converter. Using
electro pneumatic valve positioner we can boost the air signal to the
required level to actuate valve and position it such that the flow of
material passing through line is maintain.
KV is metric unit of CV