DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, IIT (BHU)

ODD SEMESTER 2020-21

MA102 – ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II
ASSIGNMENT 3
Wed, 27 Jan 2021 Due: Sat, 30 Jan, 2021, 11:59pm
Marks:5
Instructions:
• Use a mathematical word-processor (e.g. TeX) or write on A4 paper, take careful
photographs and assemble them into a single pdf file (there are many apps available
for doing this).
• Start each question on a new page. Write your roll number in the top right corner
of each page. Use only one side of each page(for clear photo).
• Write your name, department and roll number clearly at the top of the first page.
• Answer all questions. Give proper justification. Don’t copy from others.
• Upload your work to the Google-Classroom for your tutorial section.
Be sure that you are logged on with your official (@itbhu.ac.in) E-mail
account. Otherwise you will not receive credit.

(1) Find all solutions to the following system of linear equations. (1 Mark)
x1 − x2 − x3 = 2
2x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 4
x1 − 4x2 − 5x3 = 2

(2) Let A and B be n × n matrices with A invertible. Prove that AB and BA have the
same eigenvalues. (1 Mark)

(3) Find the characteristic polynomial of the matrix (1 Mark)

 
2 1 1
A= 0  1 0 .
1 1 2
Use this information and the Hamilton-Cayley theorem to explicitly compute the
matrix
A8 − 5A7 + 7A6 − 3A5 + A4 − 5A3 + 8A2 − 2A + I.
Show all steps.
(4) Let V be the vector space of real 2 × 2 matrices with inner product (1 Mark)
t
(A|B) = tr(B A).
Let U be the subspace of V consisting of the symmetric matrices. Find an orthog-
onal basis for U ⊥ where U ⊥ = {A ∈ V | (A|B) = 0 ∀B ∈ U }.
(5) Let V be a finite dimensional inner product space over the field C of complex
numbers. Suppose B = {x1 , x2 , . . . , xn } is an orthonormal basis of V .
Prove that for all x, y ∈ V , (1 Mark)
X n
(x|y) = (x|xi )(y|xi ).
i=1