LITRATURE REVIEW

1.To study the rights of LGBT community and the

progress achieved in last 50 years by Srravya.C
This research paper is about how the world is slowly
accepting the LGBT community and also gives accurate data.
They have also explained about the acceptance of marriage
and adoption in the countries worldwide. The researcher
addresses few laws given by the government to protect the
people of the LGBT community. The author states that it has
been 50 years since the stonewall riot in New York city which
sparked a liberalization moment among the LGBT community
in the US and all around the world, 36% of countries are yet
to accept homosexuality. In 6% of countries homosexuality is
punishable to death. They have included a report titled ‘State-
Sponsored Homophobia’, in which the International Lesbian,
Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) noted
that India, Angola and Trinidad and Tobago are the latest to
decriminalise homosexuality.
According to the author the maximum penalty in countries
where homosexuality is a criminal offence ranges from a few
years in jail to life imprisonment or even to death penalty and
also it is punishable by death in 11 countries. They have
studied that homosexuality is a criminal offence only for men
in 27 out of 71 countries. The author explains how did
marriage and adoption evolved over few countries. They have
described that despite homosexuality being legal in 128
countries it is possible for gay couples to marry or adopt only
in few of them. According to the paper South Africa is the
only African country which recognises gay marriage and
adoption by gay couples while gay marriages are legal in
Mexico and their adoption rights are not recognized. As of
march 2019 no Asian country recognized gay marriage
however this changed in May 2019 when Taiwan became the
first Asian country to legalise gay marriage, Israel recognises
adoption by gay couple, even though homosexuality is legal in
all European country marriage between gay couples and
adoption is recognized in only a few of them. The author
shortly explains how the government is protecting the people
of LGBT community for instances 77 countries provide
protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation
in employment. In Brazil, Ecuador and Malta, the pseudo-
scientific practice of conversion therapy which attempts to
change an individual’s sexual orientation is banned also in
India it decriminalized homosexuality in September 2018
when the supreme court announced section 377 of the Indian
penal court (IPC).

2.Wide spread discrimination continues to shape LGBT

people’s lives in both subtle and significant ways by Sejal
Singh and Laura E. Durso
This research paper focuses on the discrimination faced by the
people of LGBT community in the beginning. They show
significant changes that these people made in their daily life
due to the injustice on them. They focus on the harm caused
to the people of the community at their workplaces, public
place and also in their health care. The author states that the
LGBT people faces wide spread discrimination between 11%
and 28% of LGBT workers report losing a promotion simply
because of their sexual orientation, and 27% of transgender
workers reported being fired not hired or dined a promotion in
the past years. Discrimination also routinely effects LGBT
people beyond the workplace sometimes causing them in their
homes, access to education, and even the ability to engage in
public life. Below is the survey from 2017 which shows that
despite of progress made in 2016 it still remained a
widespread threat to LGBT people’s wellbeing, health, and
economic security.
 68.5 percent reported that discrimination at least
somewhat negatively affected their psychological well-
being.
 43.7 percent reported that discrimination negatively
impacted their physical well-being.
 47.7 percent reported that discrimination negatively
impacted their spiritual well-being.
 38.5 percent reported discrimination negatively impacted
their school environment.
 52.8 percent reported that discrimination negatively
impacted their work environment.
 56.6 report it negatively impacted their neighbourhood
and community environment.

The author explains in details that what were the harms faced
by the LGBT community people. The below table shows the
LGBT people who reports altering their lives to avoid
discrimination in the following ways.
According to the author as the table shows, LGBT people
who’ve experienced discrimination in the past year are
significantly more likely to alter their lives for fear of
discrimination, even deciding where to live and work
because of it, suggesting that there are lasting
consequences for victims of discrimination. The author
has also included an interview of a gay student Rafael J
in California who says that ‘he decided to apply to law
schools only in LGBT-safe cities or states,”. They tell
about the discrimination faced by the LGBT people at
their workplaces. LGBT people of colour were more
likely to hide their sexual orientation and gender identity
from employers, with 12 percent removing items from
their resumes in comparison to 8 percent of white LGBT
respondents in the year of 2016. They state that the
Discrimination, harassment, and violence against LGBT
people especially transgender people has always been
common in places of public accommodation, such as
hotels, restaurants, or government offices. Despite
progress, LGBT people, and transgender people in
particular, remain vulnerable to healthcare
discrimination. They have also said that transgender
people have negative experience related to being
transgender, this negative experience includes being
refused to a treatment or even being physically assaulted.