Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.

4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs

Continuous Beams and One-

Way Slabs

Continuous beams and one way slabs are statically indeterminate members that can be analyzed
either using exact analysis methods (mostly by special computer programs) or by approximate
analysis methods.
Continuous one way slabs and continuous beams can be analyzed approximately using the ACI
code coefficients to calculate moments and shear forces. Section 8.3 in the ACI code permits to
design continuous one way slabs and beams using the following coefficients provided that:
1- There are two or more spans.
2- Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent spans not greater than the
shorter by 20%.
3- Loads are uniformly distributed.
4- Unfactored live load does not exceed three times the unfactored dead load ( L  3D ).
5- Members are prismatic.

The moment at each section is then calculated by:

M u  Coefficien t.wu ln2  where:
wu = total factored load.
ln = clear span for positive moment and average clear spans of adjacent panels for negative
moment.

Shear at exterior face of first interior support is magnified by 15 percent:

wl
Vu  1.15 u n
2
while shear at all other faces of supports shall not be magnified.
wl
Vu  u n
2
Note : For slabs with spans not exceeding 3m, negative moment at face of all supports can be
taken as M u  wuln2 / 12

Moment Coefficients of Two Spans:

0.0 -1/9 0.0

Masonry +1/11 +1/11

wall 1.15Vu 1.15Vu

Continuous beam or one way slab rests freely on masonry walls

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 62

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs

-1/24 -1/9 -1/24

R.C
beam
+1/14 +1/14
Masonry
1.151V 1.15Vu
wall

Continuous beam or one way slab built integrally with spandrel beams.
-1/16 -1/9 -1/16
R.C
beam
R.C +1/14 +1/14
column 1.15Vu 1.15Vu

Continuous beam built integrally with columns.

Moment Coefficients of Three or More Spans:

0.0 -1/10 -1/11 -1/11 -1/10 0.0

Masonry +1/11 +1/16 +1/11

wall
1.15Vu Vu

Continuous beam or one way slab rests freely on masonry walls

-1/24 -1/10 -1/11 -1/11 -1/10 -1/24

R.C
beam
+1/14 +1/16 +1/14
Masonry
wall 1.15Vu Vu

Continuous beam or one way slab built integrally with spandrel beams.

-1/16 -1/10 -1/11 -1/11 -1/10 -1/16

R.C
beam

R.C +1/14 +1/16 +1/14

column 1.15Vu Vu

Continuous beam built integrally with columns.

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 62

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs

Ex.1) A reinforced concrete slab is built integrally with spandrel beams and columns and
consists of two equal spans as shown below. Design the slab if the service live load is 6.0 kN/m2,
while the dead load consists of the following; 40 mm concrete tiles, 150 mm dry earth, 20 mm
asphalt sheeting and 30 mm interior plastering in addition to the slab self-weight and a super
imposed dead load of 2 kN/m2. Column sections are 300×300 mm. Use f c  28 MPa and
f y  420 MPa .

B2 B2
4.5 m

B1 B1

4.5 m

B2 B2
5.0 m 5.0 m 5.0 m 5.0 m
Sol.)
lb 10.3
  2.29  2.0
la 4.5
 One way slab

1- Deflection requirements.

Based on section 7.3.3.1 of ACI 318-14 code, choose slab thickness to meet deflection
requirements.
Maximum span = ln  4.5m
l 4500
hmin    187.5mm (One end continuous-both panels)
24 24
 Use h  200 mm

2- Loading:

Dead Loads:
Concrete tiles = 0.04  23  0.92 kN / m 2
Dry earth = 0.15  17  2.55 kN / m 2
Asphalt sheeting = 0.02  15  0.3kN / m 2
Self-weight = 0.2  24  4.8kN / m2
Plastering = 0.03  20  0.6kN / m 2
Super imposed dead load of = 2 kN/m2
Total dead load  11 .2kN / m2

Wu  1.2 D  1.6 L  1.211 .2  1.66.0  23kN / m2

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 62

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs

3- Check slab thickness for flexural requirements.

The slab can be analyzed using the ACI code coefficients because all conditions are satisfied.
a- Two spans, b- adjacent spans are equal (difference < 20%), c- uniformly distributed loads and
L 6.0
d- prismatic section, and e-   0.53  3.0
D 11.2
wuln2 234.5
2

Maximum moment = M    51.8kN.m
9 9
Assume using 12 bars  d = 200 – 20 – 12/2 = 174 mm
f c  0.003  28  3 
max  0.851    0.85  0.85     0.018
f y  0.003  0.005  420  8 
 fy 
M u max  max bd 2 f y 1  0.59 max 
 f c 
 420 
51.8  106  0.9  0.018  1000d  4201  0.59  0.018 
2

 28 
d 2  9056 mm2  d  95.2mm  d provided  174 mm
 Section is adequate for flexural requirements

4- Check slab thickness for shear requirements.

Maximum shear occurs at exterior face of interior support where Vu  1.15 wuln / 2 .

l   4.5 
Vud  1.15wu  n  d   1.15  23  0.174   54.9kN
2   2 
Vc   0.17  f cb  d  0.75  0.17 1.0 28  1000  174  10 3  117 .4kN
Vud  54 .9kN  Vc  117 .4kN

 Section is adequate for shear requirements

5- Design of flexural reinforcement for short direction.

The table shown below summarizes the moments and reinforcement design of the two panels of
the slab.
fy 420
   17.65
0.85 fc 0.85  28
Mu Mu
Rn  
bd 0.9  1000174
2 2

1  2R  

 1 1 n
  fy 


Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 62

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs
Smax  3t  3200   600 mm  450 mm  Smax  450 mm
 min  0.0018

 max  0.018
As  bd    1000  174
As min  bd  0.0018  1000  200  360 mm2

Exterior Mid Interior

Support Span Support
1- ACI moment coefficient   -1/24  1 / 14 1/ 9
2- M u  w l   234.5
2 2
u n 19.4 33.3 51.8
3- Rn using   0.9 0.71 1.22 1.9
4- Required steel percentage   0.0017<  min 0.003 0.0047
5- Required As mm2 As min  360mm 2 522 818
12 @ 300 mm 12 @ 200 mm 12 @ 130 mm
6- Provided As
As  470mm 2 As  565mm 2 As  869mm 2

6- Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement in long direction.

As min   min  bh  0.0018  1000  200  360 mm 2

Ab 113 5t  1000mm
s  1000   1000  314mm  Smax  
As 360  450mm
 Use Ø12 @ 300mm for long direction reinforcement both layers.

Ø12@300mm Ø12@130mm Ø12@300mm

Ø12@200mm Ø12@200mm

4.5 m 4.5 m

Ex.2) Design the interior beam B1 in Example (1), if the beam section is 300×600 mm.

Sol.)
1- Check beam depth for deflection requirements.

Clear span = 5.0m

l 5000
hmin    270.3mm  h  600 mm (One end continuous)
18.5 18.5

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 03

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs
l 5000
hmin    238mm  h  600 mm (Both ends continuous)
21 21

 Beam thickness is adequate for deflection requirements.

2- Loading:

Load from slab:

Wu  23  4.5  0.3  110 .4kN / m
Self-weight of stem (beam projection below slab) = 1.20.6  0.20.3  24   3.5kN / m
Total beam load = wu  110 .4  3.5  113 .9kN / m

3- Moments and shear forces.

Using the ACI coefficients method, the following shall be the moments and shear forces at each
section.
M u    wu  ln2   113 .95.0
2

wuln 113.95.0
Vu    284.8kN
2 2

A B C D E F
Exterior span Interior span

Exterior Span Interior Span

A B C D E F
Moment 1 1 1 1 1 1
     
Coef. (α) 16 14 10 11 16 11
Moment
-178 203.4 -284.8 -258.9 178 -258.9
kN.m
Shear
Vu 1.15Vu Vu Vu
kN

4- Design of flexural reinforcement:

A- Design of positive moment: for positive moment, the beam is considered as T-beam.
Effective flange width (b) is the smaller of:
l 5000
1- b  bw   300   1550mm (Controls)
4 4
2- b  bw  clear distance between beams = 300+4500=4800 mm .
3- b  bw  16 h f  300  16200   3500 mm

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 03

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs

Exterior span: M u  203 .4kN .m

Assume using Ø25 mm bars and Ø10 mm stirrups,
 d  600  40  10  25 / 2  537 .5mm
Assume a = hf
Mu 203.4  106
As    1230mm2
 a  200 
f y  d   0.9  420 537.5  
 2  2 
Check the assumed value of 'a'
As f y 1230  420
a   14mm  200mm
0.85 f cb 0.85  28 1550
 Design as a rectangular section with b = 1550 mm.
Mu 203.4  106
As    1014.3mm 2
 a  14 
f y  d   0.9  420 537.5  
 2  2
Check the obtained value of 'a'
As f y 1014.3  420
a   14.3mm  200mm
0.85 f cb 0.85  28 1550
Calculate As with the revised 'a' value,
Mu 203.4 10 6
As    1014.6mm 2  1014 .3mm 2  OK .
 a  14.3 
f y  d   0.9  420 537.5  
 2  2 
Check minimum reinforcement,

bw d  0.0033300537.5  537mm 2  OK .
1.4
As  1014  As , min 
fy
a 14.3
Check section ductility, c   16.8mm
1 0.85
 d c  537.5  16.8 
t   0.003   0.003  0.093  0.005
 c   16.8 
 Section is ductile and assumed reduction (   0.9 ) is Ok.
 Use 2Ø20 + 2Ø16 for bottom reinforcement of exterior spans,
As ) prov.  1030 mm 2  1014 mm 2 .

The positive moment of the interior span is lower than of the exterior span. In result, the
required reinforcement is smaller. If the same procedure is used, then the required bottom
reinforcement for interior spans is:
As  890mm 2  Use 2Ø20 + 2Ø16 for bottom reinforcement of interior spans.

B- Design of negative moment: for negative moment, the beam is considered as a rectangular
beam with bw  300 mm :
The table shown below summarizes the negative moments and their corresponding top
reinforcements.

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 06

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs
fy 420 Mu Mu
   17.65 , Rn  
0.85 fc 0.85  28 bd 0.9  300537.5
2 2

1  2R  

 1 1 n
  fy 


Exterior 1st Interior Interior

Support Support Support
A C&D F
1 1 1
1- ACI moment coefficient     
16 10 11
2- M u  wu ln2   113 .95.0
2
-178 -284.8 -258.9
3- Rn assuming   0.9 2.28 3.65 3.32
4- Required steel percentage   0.0057 0.0095 0.0085
5- Required As  bd mm 2
920 1532 1371
2 25 2 25 + 2 20 3 25
6- Provided As mm2
As  982mm 2 As  1610 mm2 As  1473mm2

Check section ductility (tensile strain) at critical section:

Af 1610  420 a 94.7
a s y   94.7mm , c   111 .4mm
0.85 f cb 0.85  28  300 1 0.85
d c
t  0.003  537.5  111 .4 0.003  0.0115  0.005
c 111 .4
 Section is ductile and assumed   0.9 is OK.

5- Design of shear reinforcement:

First of all, the beam section should be checked for maximum shear force at section C.
Vu at distance 'd' from exterior face of first interior support
 Wu d )  1.15(284.8  113.90.5375)  257.1kN
Wu l
Vud  1.15(
2
   
Vc =  0.17  f cbw  d = 0.75 0.17 1.0 28 300 537 .5  10 3  108 .8kN
Vu  Vc 257.1  108.8
Vs    197.8kN
 0.75
Av f yt d 157420537.5
s   179mm
Vs 197.8 103
Vs  197 .8kN  0.33 f cbw d  0.33 28 300 537 .5 10 3  281 .6kN
Maximum spacing of stirrups:
 Maximum spacing to provide minimum shear reinforcement Av min is the smaller of :

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 00

 Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.4 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs
Av f yt 157420
Smax    670mm
0.062 f cbw 0.062 28 300
Av f yt 157420
S max    628mm
0.35bw 0.35300
d 537.5
 Smax    268mm
2 2
 600 mm

For detailing of shear reinforcement see lecture 12.

The shear reinforcement at exterior supports and other interior supports shall be designed for
maximum shear force of:

 Wu d  284.8  113.90.5375  223.6kN

Wul
2

2Ø10 2Ø10
1.25 m Holding 1.5 m 1.5 m Holding 1.5 m
bars bars
2Ø25 2Ø25+2Ø20 3Ø25
2Ø20+2Ø16 2Ø20+2Ø16

A B C D E F

5.0 m 5.0 m

200
mm
2Ø25 2Ø10
2Ø25+ 3Ø25
600 2Ø20
mm 2Ø20 +
2Ø20 2Ø16
2Ø20 2Ø20

300
mm
Section A Section B & E Section C or D Section F
Exterior support Mid spans 1st interior support interior support

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 03