Introduction to Information Systems

ISM - 121
Lecture 7

Chapter 3

Secondary Storage
By

Dr. Nawsher Khan

Associate Professor
nawsher@kku.edu.sa

King Khalid University

Abh, Saudi Arabia

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Secondary Storage
 Devices that store large amount of data, instructions, and
information more permanently than allowed with main
memory.

 Offers the advantages of non-volatility, greater capacity, and

greater economy

 Access methods, storage capacities, portability, cost, and

security required are determined by the information
system’s objectives
 For example, credit card companies need fast access method
Access Methods

 Sequential Access: a retrieval method in which data must

be accessed in the order which is stored
Devices used are called sequential access storage devices
(SASD)

 Direct Access: A retrieval method in which data can be

retrieved in any order
Devices used are called direct access storage devices
(DASD)
Secondary Storage Devices
 Magnetic Secondary Storage Devices
 Magnetic tape
 Hard Desk Drive

 Optical Secondary Storage Devices

 CD-ROM
 DVD

 State Secondary Storage Devices

 USB
Secondary Storage Devices (conti…)
 Magnetic Secondary Storage Devices: uses tape or disk
devices covered with a thin magnetic coating that enables
data to be stored as magnetic particles
 Magnetic tape: A type of sequential secondary storage medium now
is used primarily for backup of critical data in the event of a disaster
 Hard Desk Drive: A direct access storage device used to store and
retrieve data from rapidly rotating disks coated with magnetic
material
 Virtual tape: A storage device for less frequently needed data

 Disc Mirroring: A process of storing data that provides an exact copy

that protect users fully in the event of data loss
Secondary Storage Devices (conti…)
 Optical Secondary Storage Devices: a form of
data storage that uses leasers to read and write data
 CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory): a
common form of optical disc on which data cannot be
modified once it has been recorded
 DVD (Digital Video Disc): a secondary storage device
that looks similar to CD ROM but with grater storage
capacity and faster
Secondary Storage Devices (conti…)
 Solid State Secondary Storage Devices: Store
data in memory chips rather than hard disc or
optical media. This kind requires less power and
provide much faster data access than magnetic data
storage device.

 Universal Serial Bus (USB):

Enterprise Storage Options
 Attached Storage: it includes all options just discussed– tape,
hard disk, etc..
 Network-Attached Storage (NAS): A hard disk drive
storage device that is set to up with its own network address
and provides file-based storage services to other devices on
the network.
Characteristics and Functionality
 Data - can be human or machine readable
 Data Entry - converts human readable data into
machine-readable form
 Data Input - transfers machine-readable data into
the system
 Source Data Automation - capturing and editing
data at its source
Input Devices
 Personal computer input devices
 Keyboard
 Mouse

 Voice-recognition devices
 Digital cameras
 Scanning devices
 Optical data reader
 Optical mark recognition
 Optical character recognition
 Magnetic ink character recognition
Input Devices (cont.)
 Magnetic stripe cards
 Smart cards
 Contactless payment cards
 Point-of-sale devices
 Automated teller machine (ATM)
 Bar-code scanners
 Radio frequency identification (RFID)
 Pen input devices
 Touch-sensitive screen
Output Devices
 Display screens
 Ex. CRT, LCD, LED, OLED and Plasma
 Computer graphics card: A component that takes binary data from CPU
and converts it to an image
 Graphics processing unit (GPU): a powerful processing chip that renders
images on the screen display
 Printers and plotters
 Digital audio player
 E-book readers
Computer System Types
 Multiuser computer system

 Servers: A computer employed by users to perform specific tasks

like running network applications. Servers offer great scalability.

 Virtual Servers: A method of logically dividing the resources of a

single physical server to create multiple logical servers.

 Blade Server: A server that houses many individual computer

motherboards that include one or more CPUs, RAMs…
Computer System Types (conti…)
Mainframe Computers: Mainframes are a type of computer that generally
are known for their large size, amount of storage, processing power and high
level of reliability.

* Multiple operating systems.

* Designed to handle very high volume input and output (I/O).
* A single mainframe can replace dozens or even hundreds of smaller servers.

Supercomputers: A supercomputer is a computer that performs at or near the

currently highest operational rate for computers.
 Traditionally, using for scientific and engineering applications.
 Must handle very large databases or do a great amount of computation (or both).
 Using multi-core processors
Data Centers

 A climate-and-access- controlled building or a set of

buildings that house the computer HD that delivers an
organization’s data and services.
 End

Any Question ?

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