1 CHEMICAL REACTION

2 Did you ever wonder what happens to a candle when it burns…?

3 …or how grapes turn into wine and gets better when aged?

4 Candle burning and wine making are chemical changes in matter. In a chemical change, one type of
5 matter turns into a different type of matter, with different chemical properties. Chemical changes occur
6 because of chemical reaction.

7 What is a chemical reaction?

8 Chemical reaction is process where one or more substances, called the reactants, are changed to one or
9 more different substances, called the products.

10 There are 5 types of chemical reactions:

11 First is Synthesis: It occurs when wo compounds are combined to produce a more complex one.

12 The basic equation is

13 Example: When iron (nail) is combined with oxygen, it will produce Iron oxide which is known as rust

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15 Second is Decomposition: It results when a molecule breaks apart into simpler compounds.

16 The basic equation is

17 Example: When you open a bottle soft drink, some of the carbon dioxide fizzes out.

18 Carbonic acid (H2CO3) in soft drinks breaks down to producing water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
19 H2CO3 →H2O+CO2

20 The same happens during fermentation process use for production of wine or beer.
21 Glucose from grapefruit, breaks down into Ethanol and carbon dioxide
22  C6H12O6 (glucose) →2 C2H5OH (ethanol) + 2 CO2 (carbon dioxide).
23 Third is Single Replacement: It happens when a pure element switches places with an element in a
24 chemical compound

25 The Basic Equation is AB + C —‣ CB + A

26 Example: A tarnished silver spoon. The silver is exposed to hydrogen sulfide gas, causing a change in its
27 color to dark forming a tarnish and a hydrogen gas

28 2Ag+H2S→Ag2S+H2

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33 Fourth is Double Replacement: It occurs when the cations of two chemical compounds switch places.

34 The Basic Equation is AB + CD BC + AD

35 Example in baking a cake. Baking soda (NaHCO 3) reacts with acidic substances (HA), like buttermilk, in
36 cake batter producing Carbonic acid.

37 NaHCO3 + HA --> Na A + H (HCO 3)

38 H(HCO3) decomposes into CO2 and Water. The CO2 is responsible for making the cake rise.

39 Fifth is Combustion Reaction: This occurs when a carbon-containing compound, combines with the
40 oxygen gas in the air.

41 The Basic Equation is AB + C AC + BC

42 Example in a burning candle, the wax which is made from carbon-based chemicals derived from
43 petroleum) reacts with oxygen in air producing carbon dioxide and water.

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45 Chemical reaction plays an important role in our daily life. Chemical reactions take place when
46 we eat and digest, grow and heal. Even when we cook and clean. Without chemical reaction,
47 the world is nothing.

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