Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

10
9/11 Zest for Progress
Z Peal of artnership

TLE
Computer Systems Servicing
Quarter 4 - Module 4
Techniques in Maintaining
Networks

Name of Learner: ________________________

Grade & Section: ________________________
Name of School : ________________________

1
TLE-ICT Computer Systems Servicing
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4 – Techniques in Maintaining Networks

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Hazel P. Bacasmo

Reviewer’s Name: Evelyn C. Labad EdD, Nilda Y. Galaura EdD

Editor: James L. Colaljo MAEM

Illustrators: Vincent Hersel E. Murcia

Joevic R. Pasilan

Layout Artists: Vincent Hersel E. Murcia

Joevic R. Pasilan

Management Team: SDS: Ma. Liza R. Tabilon EdD, CESO V

ASDS: Judith V. Romaguera EdD
OIC-ASDS: Ma. Judelyn J. Ramos EdD
OIC-ASDS: Armando P. Gumapon EdD
CID Chief: Lilia E. Abello EdD
LR : Evelyn C. Labad EdD
PSDS: Ma. Theresa M. Imperial EdD
Principal: Nilda Y. Galaura EdD

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________________

Department of Education – Region IX
Office Address: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________

2
 What I Know

Before starting with this module, let us measure what you already know about
Techniques in Maintaining Networks

Multiple Choice
Direction: Write the letter that corresponds your answer on the space provided before the
number.

_______ 1. How long should a device be left off before turning it back on?
a. 60 Seconds b. 60 minutes
c. 1 minute d. 1 Second

_______ 2. What is referred to the router’s IP?

a. Default Gateway b. Subnet Mask
c. IPv6 Add d. IPv4 Add

_______ 3. What is the problem if the router is working fine and the IP address starts with
something other than 16p, but still you cannot connect to the network?
a. Monitor and Keyboard b. Router and Internet
c. Globe or Smart d. PLDT

_______ 4. What command is used to determine whether there is a problem with the server
you are trying to connect to?
a. nslookup b. mslookup
c. inlookup d. ipconfig

_______ 5. What does PING stand for?

a. Packet InterNet Groper b. Pocket InterNet Groper
c. Packet InterNet Grouper d. Pocket InterNet Grouper

_______ 6. What command is used to test the ability of the source computer to reach a
specified destination computer?
a. configuration b. ipconfig
c. ping d. mslookup

_______ 7. Which of the following utilities will produce the results printed below?
Tracing route to 172.30.9.78 over a maximum of 30 hops
1 <1 ms <1 ms 172.30.0.78
a. review database log b. ping
c. configuration d. tracert

3
_______ 8. A technician is troubleshooting a network data transmission issue. Possible
diagnostic means was carried out. When he checked on the database, it is full.
What did he do to solve the issue?
a. review database log b. ping
c. configuration d. tracert

_______ 9. Which of the following can be issued from the command line to determine
whether there is a problem with the server you are trying to connect to?
a. nslookup b. mslookup
c. inlookup d. ipconfig

_______ 10. A network technician determines that two dynamically assigned workstations
have duplicate IP addresses. Which of the following commands should the
technician use to correct this problem?
a. nslookup b. mslookup
c. inlookup d. ipconfig

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 What’s New

Lesson
Techniques in Maintaining
1 Networks

How to Maintain the Network Systems Following the Best Practice in

Troubleshooting

Issues can arise at numerous points along the network. Before you start trying
to troubleshoot any issue, have a clear understanding of what the problem is, how it
came up, who is affected, and how long does the problem occur. By gathering the
right information and clarifying the problem, you have the chance to resolve the issue
quickly without wasting time and trying unnecessary fixes.

Start fixing the problem using the simple network troubleshooting steps to
help diagnose and refine the issue.

1. Check the hardware.

When you begin the troubleshooting process, check all the hardware to make
sure it is connected properly, is turned on and working. If the cord is loose or
somebody has switched off an important router, this can be the problem behind the
networking issues. There is no point in going through the process of troubleshooting
network issues if what you need to do is plug in the cord. Make sure all switches are
in correct positions and have not bumped accidentally.

Next, turn the hardware off and back on again. This is the mainstay of IT
troubleshooting and while it might sound simple, often it really solves the problem.
Power cycling the modem, router, and PC can solve simple issues. Just be sure to
leave each device off for at least 60 seconds before turning it back on.

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2. Use ipconfig.
Open the command prompt and type “ipconfig” (without the quotes) into the
terminal. The Default Gateway (listed last) is the router’s IP. The computer’s IP
address is the number next to “IP Address.” If the computer’s IP address starts with
169, the computer is not receiving a valid IP address. If it starts with anything other
than 169, the computer is being allocated with a valid IP address from the router.

Try typing in “ipconfig/release” followed by “ipconfig /renew” to get rid of the

current IP address and request a new one. This will in some cases solve the problem.
If you still cannot get a valid IP from the router, try plugging the computer straight
into the modem using an ethernet cable. If it works, the problem lies with the router.

3. Use ping and tracert.

If the router is working fine and the IP address starts with something other
than 169, the problems most likely are located between the router and internet. At
this point, it is time to use the ping tool. Try sending a ping to a well-known, large
server, such as Google, to see if it can connect with the router. You can ping Google
DNS servers by opening the command prompt and typing “ping 8.8.8.8”; you can
also add “-t” to the end (ping 8.8.8.8 -t) to get it to keep pinging the servers while
you troubleshoot. If the pings fail to send, the command prompt will return the basic
information about the issue.

You can use the tracert command to do the same thing by typing “tracert
8.8.8.8”; this will show you each step, or “hop,” between the router and the Google
DNS servers. You can see where along the pathway the error is arising. If the error
comes up early along the pathway, the issue is more likely somewhere in the local
network.

4. Perform a DNS check.

Use the command “nslookup” to determine whether there is a problem with
the server you are trying to connect to. If you perform a DNS checking on, for
example, google.com and receive results such as “Timed Out,” “Server Failure,”
“Refused,” “No Response from Server,” or “Network Is Unreachable,” it may indicate
the problem originates in the DNS server for the destination. (You can also use
nslookup to check your own DNS server.)

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5. Contact the ISP.
If all of the above turn up no problems, try contacting the internet service
provider to see if they are having issues. You can also look up outage maps and
related information on a smartphone to see if others in the area are having the same
problem.

6. Check on virus and malware protection.

Next, make sure the virus and malware tools are running correctly, and they
have not flagged anything that can affect part of the network and stop it from
functioning.

7. Review database logs.

Review all the database logs to make sure the databases are functioning as
expected. If the network is working but the database is full or malfunctioning, it can
cause problems that flow on and affect the network performance.

Packet InterNet Groper (ping) uses an Internet Control Message Protocol

(ICMP) echo request and replies to test if a host IP stack is initialized and alive on
the network. On the other hand, traceroute displays the list of routers on a path to
a network destination by using TTL time-outs and ICMP error messages.

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 What’s More

Activity 1
Directions: Complete the graphic organizer below following the steps of
troubleshooting presented in the lesson. Write your answers on the activity notebook.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice
Direction: Write the letter that corresponds your answer on the space provided before the
number.

_______ 1. How long should a device be left off before turning it back on?
a. 60 Seconds b. 60 minutes c. 1 minute d. 1 Second

_______ 2. What is referred to the router’s IP?

a. Default Gateway b. Subnet Mask c. IPv6 Add d. IPv4 Add

_______ 3. What is the problem if the router is working fine and the IP address starts with
something other than 16p, but still you cannot connect to the network?
a. Monitor and Keyboard b. Router and Internet
c. Globe or Smart d. PLDT

_______ 4. What command is used to determine whether there is a problem with the server
you are trying to connect to?
a. nslookup b. mslookup c. inlookup d. ipconfig

_______ 5. What does PING stand for?

a. Packet InterNet Groper b. Pocket InterNet Groper
c. Packet InterNet Grouper d. Pocket InterNet Grouper

_______ 6. What command is used to test the ability of the source computer to reach a
specified destination computer?
a. configuration b. ipconfig c. ping d. mslookup

_______ 7. Which of the following utilities will produce the results printed below?
Tracing route to 172.30.9.78 over a maximum of 30 hops
1 <1 ms <1 ms 172.30.0.78
a. review database log b. ping c. configuration d. tracert

_______ 8. A technician is troubleshooting a network data transmission issue. Possible

diagnostic means was carried out. When he checked on the database, it is full.
What did he do to solve the issue?
a. review database log b. ping c. configuration d. tracert

_______ 9. Which of the following can be issued from the command line to determine
whether there is a problem with the server you are trying to connect to?
a. nslookup b. mslookup c. inlookup d. ipconfig

_______ 10. A network technician determines that two dynamically assigned workstations
have duplicate IP addresses. Which of the following commands should the
technician use to correct this problem?
a. nslookup b. mslookup c. inlookup d. ipconfig

9
Answer Key

What’s More:
1. Check the hardware.
2. Use ipconfig.
3. Use ping and tracert.
4. Perform a DNS check.
10.D 5. Contact the ISP. 10.D
9. A 6. Check on virus and 9. A
8. A malware protection. 8. A
7. Review database logs.
7. D 7. D
6. C 6. C
5. A 5. A
4. A 4. A
3. B 3. B
2. A 2. A
1. A 1. A
What I know: Assessment:

10
References

• “12 Best Network Diagnostics Tools & Troubleshooting Software.”

Comparitech, April 27, 2020. Available from:
https://www.comparitech.com/net-admin/network-troubleshooting-tools/
[Accessed 20 June 2020].
• C, Published: by Kate, and Kate C. “Creating Windows Server 2008 System
Restore Point.” MSP360 Blog, November 14, 2018. Available from:
https://www.msp360 .com/resources/blog/windows-server-2008-system-
restore-point/ [Accessed 15 June 2020].
• “Cisco Press.” > Objectives | Cisco Press, March 12, 2012. Available from:
https:// www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2086239&seqNum=4 IT
[Accessed 12 June 2020].
• “How to Maintain Your Server.” Boost IT, May 15, 2020. Available from:
https://www .boostitco.com/how-to-maintain-your-server/ [Accessed 12
June 2020].

11
 Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land
Here the trees and flowers bloom Gallant men And Ladies fair
Here the breezes gently Blow, Linger with love and care
Here the birds sing Merrily, Golden beams of sunrise and sunset
The liberty forever Stays, Are visions you’ll never forget
Oh! That’s Region IX
Here the Badjaos roam the seas Hardworking people Abound,
Here the Samals live in peace Every valleys and Dale
Here the Tausogs thrive so free Zamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,
With the Yakans in unity
My Final Farewell
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!,
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost.
On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight,
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need.
I die just when I see the dawn break,
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
My dreams, when life first opened to me,
My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high,
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free;
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye.
Dream of my life, my living and burning desire,
All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ;
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire;
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night.
If over my grave some day thou seest grow,
In the grassy sod, a humble flower,
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below
The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power.
Let the moon beam over me soft and serene,
Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes,
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ;
And if on my cross a bird should be seen,
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes.
I Am a Filipino, by Carlos P. Romulo
I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain
future. As such I must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of
meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task of performing my
obligation to the future.
I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed of
ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries the memory comes
rushing back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out to sea in
ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over the sea I see
them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling wind,
carried upon the mighty swell of hope–hope in the free abundance of
new land that was to be their home and their children’s forever.
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed
that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance.
In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to
battle against the first invader of this land, that nerved Lakandula in
the combat against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and
Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor.
The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my
manhood, the symbol of dignity as a human being. Like the seeds
that were once buried in the tomb of Tutankhamen many thousand
years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the
insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the
unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.
Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos, Ilongos,
All of them are proud and true
Region IX our Eden Land
Region IX
Our..
Eden...
Land...
Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.
Pray for all those that hapless have died,
For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain
And whe n the d ark nig ht wr ap s the gr ave y ar d ar ound
With only the d e ad in the ir v ig il to s e e
B re ak not m y re p os e or the m ys tery p r of ound
And pe rc hanc e thou m ays t he ar a s ad hym n re s ound
' T is I, O my c ountry, r aising a s ong unto the e .
And ev e n my g rav e is r em em be re d no m o re
Unm ark 'd by ne ve r a c r os s nor a stone
Le t the plow s we ep thr oug h it, the sp ade tur n it o' er
That m y as hes m ay c arp e t e ar thly f loor,
B ef ore into nothing nes s at las t the y are b lown.
The n will ob liv ion br ing to me no c ar e
As ove r thy v ale s and p lains I s w e e p;
Thr ob b ing and c le anse d in thy s p ace and air
With c olor and lig ht, with s ong and lame nt I f are ,
Ev e r re p e ating the f aith that I k ee p .
M y F athe rland ad or' d, that s ad ne ss to my sor r ow le nd s
B e lov ed F ilip inas, he ar now m y las t g ood -b y!
I g ive the e all: p are nts and k indr ed and f r iend s
F or I g o wher e no s lav e be f or e the op pr es s or b e nds ,
Whe r e f aith c an ne ve r kill, and God r e ig ns e ' er on hig h!
F are well to y ou all, f r om m y s oul tor n away,
F rie nds of m y c hild hood in the home disp oss e ss ed !
Giv e thanks that I re s t fr om the we ar is om e d ay !
F are well to the e, too, s we e t f rie nd that lig hte ne d m y way;
B e lov ed cre ature s all, f are well! I n d e ath ther e is re s t!
I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The
East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance,
was my mother, and my sire was the West that came thundering
across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of
the East, an eager participant in its spirit, and in its struggles for
liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I also know that the East
must awake from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has
bound his limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give
that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge that
has come ringing down the corridors of the centuries, and it shall be
compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears when first
they saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes, of the battle
cries that have resounded in every field of combat from Mactan to
Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they sing:
“I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom
shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myself and my
children and my children’s children—forever.”
12