Hydraulic System: Systems Operation

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Producto: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO

Modelo: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO
Configuración: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO
Operación de Sistemas
D7H TRACTOR HYDRAULICS
Número de medio -SENR4178-00 Fecha de publicación -01/09/1985 Fecha de actualización -11/10/2001
Systems Operation
SMCS - 1250; 650
Hydraulic System
LOCATION OF COMPONENTS
1. Ripper lift cylinders.
2. Hydraulic pump.
https://sis.cat.com/sisweb/servlet/cat.dcs.sis.controller.techdoc.CSSISFormatTechDocFor... 18-03-2005
3. Quick-drop valves.
4. Bulldozer lift cylinders.
5. Bulldozer tilt cylinder.
6. Implement control valve.
7. Oil filter and tank.
The hydraulic system controls the operation of the bulldozer and ripper. The hydraulic system can be
different from one machine to the next according to the equipment that is used on the machine.
CONTROL LEVERS
8. Bulldozer control lever. 9. Ripper control lever.
The hydraulic system is a closed-center, pressure-compensated (PC), manually operated circuit.
In a pressure-compensated (PC) hydraulic system, oil flow will not change according to loads. Cylinder
speed (movement) is the same in all load conditions. When a control lever is moved to an operating
position, the pressure in the system will increase only high enough to move the load.
Hydraulic pump (2) provides oil to operate the bulldozer lift and tilt cylinders and the ripper lift
cylinders.
HYDRAULIC PUMP (2)
Depending on the equipment used on the machine, the implement control valve can have as many as five
respective sections: inlet valve group, bulldozer tilt control valve, bulldozer lift control valve, ripper lift
control valve and an end cover. Inlet valve group also has the main relief valve and the charging valve in
it. When the control levers are in their HOLD positions, the implement oil goes through the inlet valve
group and back to the oil filter and tank (7). The pressure in the system is at its minimum. There is no
need for higher oil pressure in the system until a control lever is moved to an operating position.
The bulldozer tilt control valve has flow priority so full tilt can be obtained with any lift function.
In operation with the bulldozer lift control valve and lift cylinders are two quick-drop valves. These
valves sense high rod end flow and then move (divert) this flow to the head end for fast blade drop when
needed. The lift cylinders also have built in bypass valves to prevent high pressure at the end of the
stroke.
The ripper lift control valve has three positions: RAISE, HOLD and LOWER. The bulldozer tilt control
valve has three positions: TILT RIGHT, HOLD and TILT LEFT. The bulldozer lift control valve has
four positions: RAISE, HOLD, LOWER and FLOAT. FLOAT is a detented position. All the valves are
actuated manually by linkage fastened directly to the valve spools.
IMPLEMENT CONTROL VALVE (6)

10. Bulldozer lift control valve. 11. Bulldozer tilt control valve. 12. Inlet valve group.
Hydraulic Pump
PUMP ROTATION AND OIL FLOW
The hydraulic pump is a gear-type pump that has a fixed displacement of oil per revolution. The pump is
mounted on the left side of the flywheel housing and is driven by the rear gear group of the engine.
Oil Filter And Tank
OIL FILTER AND TANK

1. Oil Tank. 2. Bypass valve. 3. Filter element. 4. Baffle. 5. Bypass valve spring. 6. Screen. 7.Return tube. 8. Suction tube.
During normal operation, the oil comes from the implement control valve and goes through return tube
(7) to the inside of filter element (3). The filter element stops any debris that is in the oil. The oil then
goes through the filter element and runs down the inside of baffle (4).
If the filter element becomes full of debris, the restriction to flow of oil causes a pressure increase inside
the filter element. The pressure increase causes bypass valve (2) to move against spring (5) and oil goes
through screen (6) and directly to the tank. When the oil does not go through the filter element, the
debris in the oil will cause damage to the components in the hydraulic system.
Implement Control Valve Group

The implement control valve group can be made up of as many as five different components or sections,
depending on the equipment used on the machine. Inlet valve group (1), bulldozer tilt control valve (2),
bulldozer lift control valve (3), ripper lift control valve (4) and end cover (5) can all be used in the
hydraulic system.
IMPLEMENT CONTROL VALVE GROUP

1. Inlet valve group. 2. Bulldozer tilt control valve. 3. Bulldozer lift control valve. 4. Ripper lift control valve. 5. End cover.
Bulldozer tilt control valve (2) is a closed center valve with one tilt valve spool. The tilt valve spool has
three positions: TILT RIGHT, HOLD and TILT LEFT. When moved to an operating position, the tilt
valve spool sends oil to the tilt cylinder. This control valve has a priority flow control valve, pressure
limiter valve, load check valve and a shuttle (double check) valve.
Bulldozer lift control valve (3) is a closed center valve with one lift valve spool. The lift valve spool has
four positions: RAISE, HOLD, LOWER and FLOAT. The FLOAT position has a detent that is in the
control valve. The lift valve spool sends oil to the lift cylinders. This control valve has a head end
makeup valve, a load check valve and a shuttle (double check) valve.
Ripper lift control valve (4) is also a closed center valve with one lift valve spool. The lift valve spool
has three positions: RAISE, HOLD and LOWER. The lift valve spool sends oil to the ripper lift
cylinders. This control valve has a head end makeup valve, load check valve and a shuttle (double
check) valve.
Inlet Valve Group

The inlet valve group gets oil directly from the implement pump. Five components are in the inlet valve
group: inlet manifold (1), charging valve (2), main relief valve (4), margin stem (20) and unloading
valve (21). Descriptions for charging valve (2) and main relief valve (4) are given in separate sections.
Unloading Valve And Margin Stem
The unloading valve is made up of cap (11), plug (15) and unloading valve (21). Unloading spring (23)
keeps the unloading valve all the way to the right against the slug valve housing when the engine is off.
Margin stem (20) is inside unloading valve (21). Margin spring (22) keeps the stem all the way to the
right against plug (15) when the engine is off.
When the engine is running, pump pressure oil works against the right ends of unloading valve (21) and
margin stem (20). Springs and signal pressure oil work against the left ends of the unloading valve and
margin stem. Signal oil is pressure oil that is sent from the operated cylinder(s) back to inlet passage
(10) of inlet manifold (1). This signal oil tells (indicates to) unloading valve (21) and margin stem (20)
what pressure is needed in the hydraulic system. There is no signal oil pressure when the implement
control levers are in their HOLD or NEUTRAL positions.
Unloading valve (21) "unloads" or releases pump pressure when there is no load or requirement on the
hydraulic pump. Pump pressure is then at its minimum and there is a minimum load on the implement
pump.
Margin stem (20) modulates to keep a difference or "margin" between pump pressure and cylinder
pressure. This difference is caused by the force of margin spring (22).
Operation With Full Implement Pump Flow To Tank (Unloading)
INLET VALVE GROUP (With Full Implement Pump Flow to Tank)

1. Inlet manifold. 2. Charging valve. 3. Cylinder return oil passages. 4. Main relief valve. 5. Check valve. 6. Outlet passage to
oil tank. 7. Passage for pump oil. 8. Passage for signal oil. 9. Holes in unloading valve. 10. Inlet passage for signal oil. 11.
Cap (part of unloading valve). 12. Holes in cap. 13. Chamber. 14. Slug. 15. Plug (part of unloading valve. 16. Chamber. 17.
Passage. 18. Holes in unloading valve. 19. Inlet passage for pump oil. 20. Margin stem. 21. Unloading valve. 22. Margin
spring. 23. Unloading spring.
When the engine is started and the implement control levers (and valves) are in their HOLD or
NEUTRAL positions, pump oil goes into inlet passage (19). The oil goes through passage (7) in inlet
manifold (1) to chamber (13) at the right end of slug (14). The oil also goes through holes (9) in the
unloading valve, passage (17) in margin stem (20), into chamber (16) between plug (15) and the margin
stem.
Inlet passage (10) for signal oil is drained at this time so there is no pressure in the chambers for springs
(22) and (23). Outlet passage (6) is connected to the oil tank (drained).
At this time, the pump oil is not needed in the implement hydraulic system and the pressure increases in
inlet passage (19), chamber (13) and chamber (16). The pressure in chamber (13) pushes against slug
(14) which pushes against plug (15) and the unloading valve. Unloading valve (21) moves to the left
against the force of unloading spring (23). The unloading valve will move to the left until inlet passage
(19) opens to outlet passage (6). Pump oil now goes around unloading valve (21) into outlet passage (6).
The pressure in the system is now at a minimum (NEUTRAL or HOLD unloading) pressure of
approximately 360 kPa (52 psi). There is a minimum load on the pump at this time.
Operation With Full Implement Pump Flow To The Cylinders
INLET VALVE GROUP (With Full Implement Pump Flow To Cylinders)

6. Outlet passage to oil tank. 10. Inlet Passage for signal oil. 11. Cap. 12. Holes in cap. 13. Chamber. 14. Slug. 16. Chamber.
19. Inlet passage for pump oil. 20. Margin stem. 21. Unloading valve. 22. Margin spring. 23. Unloading spring.
When an implement control lever (and valve spool) is moved fully to a position of operation, signal oil
pressure is sent from the cylinder(s) and a control valve to inlet passage (10) of inlet manifold (1). This
oil pressure is felt in the chambers for springs (22) and (23). The force of this oil pressure on cap (11) of
the unloading valve and on the left end of margin stem (20), along with the force of springs (22) and
(23) is more than the force of pump oil pressure in chamber (13) on slug (14). The unloading valve
moves over to the right as far as it will go. The flow of oil from inlet passage (19) to outlet passage (6) is
stopped. All of the implement pump flow in inlet passage (19) goes to the control valve and cylinder(s)
that are to operate. At this time, both pump and signal oil pressures are the same. Margin spring (22) and
signal pressure hold margin stem (20) to the right.
Operation With Part Of Implement Pump Flow To The Cylinders (Pressure Compensation)
INLET VALVE GROUP (During Pressure Compensation)

6. Outlet passage to oil tank. 9. Holes in unloading valve. 10. Inlet passage for signal oil. 16. Chamber. 17. Passage. 18.
Holes in unloading valve. 19. Inlet passage for pump oil. 20. Margin stem. 21. Unloading valve. 22. Margin spring.
When an implement control lever (and valve) is not fully in a position of operation, not all of the oil in
inlet passage (19) is needed to operate the cylinder(s). Unloading valve (21) keeps to the right as far as it
will go. Signal oil pressure and cylinder oil pressure are approximately the same. Implement pump
pressure is higher than signal oil pressure. At this time, margin stem (20) modulates (operates) to drain
pump oil that is not needed.
Margin stem (20) controls the signal pressure in inlet passage (10). As the pressure increases in inlet
passage (19) it also increases in chamber (16) and in the chamber for margin spring (22). These two
opposite forces work against margin stem (20). Signal pressure in the chamber for margin spring (22) is
approximately 1320 kPa (190 psi) less than the pressure in inlet passage (19). The force of margin
spring (22) causes this difference (margin).
As the pressure in chamber (16) increases, it moves margin stem (20) to the left against the signal
pressure and the force of margin spring (22). When the stem moves far enough to the left, holes (9) in
unloading valve (21) are opened to outlet passage (6). Some of the pressure oil in inlet passage (19) can
now go through holes (9) and out holes (18) into outlet passage (6). Margin stem (20) is now in the
pressure compensation position. Only the pump oil that is needed in the cylinders goes out inlet passage
(19). The remainder of the oil goes to outlet passage (6).
Charging Valve
CHARGING VALVE
1. Inlet manifold. 2. Orifice. 3. Chamber. 4. Valve. 5. Passage for cylinder return oil. 6. Passage. 7. Check valve. 8. Passage.
9. Outlet passage to tank.
The charging valve is located in inlet manifold (1) of the main control valve. The purpose of the
charging valve is to restrict cylinder return oil flow through tank outlet passage (9). This keeps oil
pressure in the cylinder return oil passage of the implement control valve that can be used with the
makeup valves to prevent cavitation in the cylinders. The charging valve is normally closed and is
opened by signal pressure from one of two sources.
The first source of signal pressure to the charging valve is from the control valves. When an implement
control lever is moved to an operating position, signal oil from the control valve spool is sent to the
unloading valve in inlet manifold (1). Signal oil to the unloading valve also goes in passage (6), through
orifice (2), into chamber (3) and around valve (4). When the signal oil pressure is high enough
(approximately 1050 kPa (150 psi), valve (4) will move down and let cylinder return oil in passage (5)
go to tank through outlet passage (9) without restriction. When signal oil pressure in passage (6) is not
high enough to move valve (4), pump oil pressure through the unloading valve will increase until valve
(4) does move.
The second source of signal pressure to the charging valve is from cylinder return oil through passage
(8) and check valve (7). When signal oil pressure in passage (6) is lower than cylinder return oil pressure
in passage (8), check valve (7) opens and oil goes to chamber (3) to move valve (4) down. The actual
pressure needed to move valve (4) is controlled by how much pressure is needed to fill makeup valve
needs and cylinder line restrictions in the hydraulic circuit.
Orifice (2) is used in the charging valve circuit to keep cylinder return oil in passage (8) from going to
drain through passage (6) and the signal system. The orifice controls the loss of pressure so that cylinder
return oil pressure to the charging valve is constant.
Main Relief Valve
MAIN RELIEF VALVE

1. Inlet passage. 2. Dump valve. 3. Spring. 4. Pilot valve. 5. Spring. 6. Nut. 7. Drain passage. 8. Drain passage. 9. Retainer.
The main relief valve is in front of all other valves in the implement hydraulic system. It is a pilot
operated, cartridge-type valve. The pressure setting of the valve is approximately 22 800 kPa (3300 psi).
Pump oil goes into inlet passage (1), through the orifice in the center of dump valve (2) and into the
chamber for spring (3). The pressure of the oil is against pilot valve (4). The force of spring (5) keeps
the pilot valve closed when the oil pressure is less than the setting of the relief valve.
When the pressure of the oil gets as high as the setting of the relief valve, pilot valve (4) opens. The oil
in the chamber for spring (3) goes around pilot valve (4) and through drain passage (8) to the oil tank.
Now only the force of spring (3) is against dump valve (2) so the dump valve opens. The oil from inlet
passage (1) can now go through drain passage (7) to the oil tank. The pressure of the oil in the system
can not go higher than the setting of the relief valve.
An increase or decrease in the force of spring (5) changes the pressure setting of the relief valve. Loosen
nut (6) and turn retainer (9) clockwise to increase the pressure setting. Turn retainer (9)
counterclockwise to decrease the pressure setting of the relief valve.
Bulldozer Tilt Control Valve
BULLDOZER TILT CONTROL VALVE (Tilt Valve Spool in HOLD With Lift Operation)
1. Lever. 2. Outlet passage to oil tank. 3. Load check valve. 4. Passage. 5. Chamber. 6. Priority flow control valve. 7. Primary
outlet holes. 8. Inlet holes. 9. Inlet passage for pump oil. 10. Secondary outlet holes. 11. Chamber (inside priority flow
control valve). 12. Outlet passage for pump oil. 13. Chamber. 14. Poppet (for pressure limiter valve). 15. Adjusting plunger.
16. Pressure limiter valve. 17. Orifice. 18. Passage. 19. Chamber for signal oil. 20. Passage for signal oil to inlet valve group.
21. Shuttle valve. 22. Passage for signal oil from bulldozer lift control valve. 23. Passage for signal oil. 24. Spring. 25. Tilt
valve spool. 26. Plug. 27. Outlet passage to oil tank. 28. Passage to head end of tilt cylinder. 29. Outlet passage to oil tank.
30. Passage to rod end of tilt cylinder. 31. Plug.
The bulldozer tilt control valve is the first control valve in the implement hydraulic system. It is used to
control the tilt cylinder. Pump oil comes to the tilt control valve from the inlet valve group. This control
valve has tilt valve spool (25), pressure limiter valve (16), shuttle valve (22), load check valve (3) and
priority flow control valve (6).
Tilt valve spool (25) is a spring-centered, closed-center, manually operated spool with three positions:
TILT RIGHT, HOLD and TILT LEFT. Spring (24) keeps the spool in HOLD position when the tilt
circuit is not in use. Movement of the spool is controlled manually by the operator. Linkage connects the
tilt control lever to lever (1). Lever (1) is connected to tilt valve spool (25).
Priority flow control valve (6) gives flow priority to the tilt control valve over the lift control valve.
Shuttle valve (21) is a double check valve. More descriptions of the priority flow control and shuttle
valve are given along with the description of the tilt valve spool. The descriptions for the pressure
limiter valve and load check are in separate sections.
Hold Position With Lift Operation
When the bulldozer tilt valve spool, bulldozer lift valve spool and ripper lift valve spool are in their
HOLD positions, pump oil in inlet passage (9) is unloaded (sent back) to the oil tank through the inlet
valve. At this time, chamber (19) and passage (20) are drained. NEUTRAL or HOLD unloading
pressure at inlet passage (9) moves priority flow control valve (6) against the spring force. The valve
stays in a position approximately halfway between its left and right stops when the pump is "unloading".
When tilt valve spool (25) is in HOLD position and the bulldozer lift circuit is operated, pump oil is
needed in outlet passage (12) to send to the lift control valve. Signal oil from the lift control goes
through passage (22), pushes shuttle valve (21) to the left and goes out through passage (20) to the inlet
valve group. This moves the unloading valve over so that the pump oil does not go directly to the oil
tank. The pressure in inlet passage (9) increases.
This pump oil goes through inlet holes (8) into chamber (11) of priority flow control valve (6) and
moves the valve against the spring force. Pump oil now goes through secondary outlet holes (10) and
outlet passage (12) to the lift control valve. The lift circuit will operate.
At this time, if tilt valve spool (25) is moved to an operating position, signal oil in chamber (13), along
with the spring force, moves priority flow control valve (6) to the left. Pump oil in chamber (11) now
goes through primary outlet holes (7) to operate the tilt circuit. Secondary outlet holes (10) will have
little or no flow through them. The tilt circuit has priority over the lift circuit.
Tilt Right Position
BULLDOZER TILT CONTROL VALVE (Tilt Valve Spool Fully in TILT RIGHT Position)
3. Load check valve. 4. Passage. 5. Chamber. 6. Priority flow control valve. 7. Primary outlet holes. 8. Inlet holes. 9. Inlet
passage for pump oil. 11. Chamber (inside priority flow control valve). 13. Chamber. 17. Orifice. 19. Chamber for signal oil.
20. Passage for signal oil to inlet valve group. 21. Shuttle valve. 23. Passage for signal oil. 25. Tilt valve spool. 27. Outlet
passage to oil tank. 28. Passage to head end of the tilt cylinder. 30. Passage to rod end of tilt cylinder.
When tilt valve spool (25) is moved to TILT RIGHT position, cylinder oil from passage (30) goes
through passage (23) to chamber (19). This oil now becomes signal oil. Some of this signal oil goes
through orifice (17) to chamber (13). This moves priority flow control valve (6) toward the left. The
remainder of the signal oil pushes shuttle valve (21) over and goes through passage (20) to the inlet
valve group. This moves the unloading valve over so that the pump oil does not go directly to the oil
tank. The pressure in inlet passage (9) now increases.
The pump oil goes through inlet holes (8) into chamber (11) and moves the priority flow control valve
farther to the left. Pump oil now goes through primary outlet holes (7) and chamber (5) and opens load
check valve (3). The oil now goes through passage (4), around tilt valve spool (25) and out passage (30)
to the rod end of the tilt cylinder. This causes the blade to TILT RIGHT.
Oil from the head end of the tilt cylinder comes through passage (28), around tilt valve spool (25) and
through outlet passage (27) to the oil tank. Now the pressure of pump, cylinder and signal oils are
approximately the same.
Tilt Left Position
When tilt valve spool (25) is moved to TILT LEFT position, cylinder oil from passage (28) goes through
passage (23) to chamber (19). This oil now becomes signal oil. Some of this oil goes through orifice
(17) to chamber (13). This moves the priority flow control valve to the left. The remainder of the signal
oil goes through shuttle valve (21) and passage (20) to the inlet valve group. The unloading valve moves
over and the pressure in inlet passage (9) increases.
The pump oil goes through inlet holes (8) into chamber (11) of priority flow control valve (6). The valve
moves farther to the left. Pump oil now goes through primary outlet holes (7) and chamber (5) and opens
load check valve (3). The oil goes through passage (4), around tilt valve spool (25) and out passage (28)
to the head end of the tilt cylinders. This causes the blade to TILT LEFT.
Oil from the rod end of the tilt cylinders comes through passage (30), around tilt valve spool (25) and
through outlet passage (2) to the oil tank.
When tilt valve spool (25) is fully in the TILT LEFT position, pump, cylinder and signal oil pressures
are approximately the same.
Pressure Limiter Valve Operation
Pressure limiter valve (16) is used in the tilt control valve to control (limit) the pressure to the tilt
cylinder. The pressure setting of the pressure limiter valve is 17 225 ± 300 kPa (2500 ± 44 psi).
When the tilt control valve is in an operating position, cylinder oil goes in passage (23) and becomes
signal oil. This signal oil goes to chamber (19) and then part of the signal oil goes to shuttle valve (21),
passage (20) and then to the inlet valve group. The other part of the signal oil goes through passage (18)
and orifice (17) to chamber (13). When the pressure of the signal oil in chamber (13) gets to
approximately 17 225 kPa (2500 psi), poppet (14) moves from its seat and sends oil to the tank through
passage (27). The flow of signal oil across orifice (17) then lowers the oil pressure behind priority flow
control valve (6). This lets priority flow control valve move to the right, decreasing the supply of pump
oil to the cylinders.
Load Check Valve
Load check valve (3) prevents reverse oil flow in the tilt cylinder which can cause cylinder drift or load
loss. The load check valve will not open until pump oil pressure in chamber (5) becomes greater than the
force of the spring for the load check valve and the cylinder oil pressure in passage (4).
Bulldozer Lift Control Valve
BULLDOZER LIFT CONTROL VALVE (Lift Valve in RAISE Position)

1. Lever. 2. Load check valve. 3. Inlet passage for pump oil. 4. Detents for FLOAT position. 5. Passage. 6. Passage for signal
oil. 7. Spring. 8. Lift valve spool. 9. Passage for signal oil from ripper lift control valve. 10. Shuttle valve. 11. Passage for
signal oil to inlet valve group. 12. Chamber for signal oil. 13. Outlet passage to oil tank. 14. Passage to head end of lift
cylinders. 15. Makeup valve for head end of lift cylinders. 16. Outlet passage to oil tank. 17. Plug. 18. Passage to rod end of
lift cylinders. 19. Outlet passage to oil tank. 20. Slot.
The bulldozer lfit control valve is the second control valve in the implement hydraulic system. The
pump oil comes to the lift control valve from the bulldozer tilt control valve. The lift control valve has
makeup valve (15), shuttle valve (10), lift valve spool (8) and load check valve (2).
Lift valve spool (8) is a spring-centered, closed-center, manually operated spool with four positions:
RAISE, HOLD, LOWER and FLOAT. Spring (7) keeps the spool in HOLD position when the lift
circuit is not in use. Movement of the spool is controlled manually by the operator. Linkage connects the
bulldozer lift control lever to lever (1). Lever (1) is connected to lift valve spool (8).
Shuttle valve (10) is a double check valve. More description of the shuttle valve is given with the
description of the lift valve spool. The description for the makeup valve and load check valve are in
separate sections. In the description of bulldozer lift valve spool (8), the bulldozer tilt valve spool and
the ripper lift valve spool are in their HOLD positions unless told differently.
When lift valve spool (8) is in HOLD position, pump oil in inlet passage (3) is unloaded (sent) back to
the oil tank through the inlet valve group. At this time, chamber (12) and passage (11) are drained.
Raise Position
When lift valve spool (8) is moved to RAISE position, cylinder oil from passage (18) goes through
passage (6) to chamber (12). This oil now becomes signal oil. The signal oil pushes shuttle valve (10)
over and goes through passage (11) to the inlet valve group. This moves the unloading valve over so that
the pump oil does not go directly to the oil tank. The pressure in inlet passage (3) increases. The
pressure increase opens load check valve (2) and pump oil goes through passage (5). The oil goes
around lift valve spool (8) and out passage (18) to the rod end of the lift cylinders. This causes the
bulldozer blade to lift.
Oil from the head end of the lift cylinders comes through passage (14), around lift valve spool (8) and
through outlet passage (13) to the oil tank.
When the lift valve spool is fully in the operation position of RAISE or LOWER, pump oil, cylinder oil
and signal oil pressures are approximately the same. When the lift valve spool is metering oil to the lift
cylinders (not fully in the operate position), cylinder oil and signal oil pressures are the same, but they
are less than pump oil pressure.
Lower Position
When lift valve spool (8) is moved to LOWER position, cylinder oil from passage (14) goes through
passage (6) to chamber (12). This oil now becomes signal oil. This signal oil pushes shuttle valve (10)
over and goes through passage (11) to the inlet valve group. The unloading valve moves over and the
pressure in inlet passage (3) increases. This pressure increase opens load check valve (2) and pump oil
goes through passage (5). The oil goes around lift valve spool (8) and out passage (14) to the head end
of the lift cylinders. This causes the bulldozer blade to lower.
Oil from the rod end of the lift cylinders comes through passage (18), around lift valve spool (8) and
through passage (19) to the oil tank.
Anytime the bulldozer blade is made to quick drop, the cylinder oil pressure in passage (14) decreases,
along with signal oil pressure in passage (6), chamber (12) and passage (11). The loss of signal pressure
causes the unloading valve in the inlet valve to start to open and send pump oil to tank. This causes a .5
second time delay before the blade will raise after the control lever is moved to the RAISE position. If
the bulldozer control lever is moved to the LOWER position just after a quick drop of the blade, slot
(20) in the lift valve spool opens to pump pressure oil in passage (5). This oil becomes signal oil and
goes through the signal passages to the unloading valve to keep it closed. This lets pump oil continue to
flow in passage (14) to the head end of the lift cylinders. The action of slot (20) does remove (eliminate)
the time delay between a quick drop and the blade being fully lowered, but reduces (minimizes) it to
approximately 1.5 seconds.
Float Position
Detents (4) are used to HOLD lift valve spool (8) in FLOAT position. When the lift valve spool is in
FLOAT position, there is no signal oil pressure. Chamber (12) is open to outlet passage (13). The
pressure in passage (11) cannot increase. The pump oil is unloaded at the inlet valve so the pump oil
pressure at inlet passage (3) is low.
Because of the position of lift valve spool (8), passages (18) and (14) are open to outlet passages (19)
and (13). With both ends of the lift cylinders open to the oil tank, the lift cylinders can move freely in
either direction according to the amount and direction of force on the blade.
Load Check Valve
Load check valve (2) prevents reverse oil flow in the lift cylinder which can cause cylinder drift or load
loss. The load check valve will not open until pump oil pressure in inlet passage (3) becomes greater
than cylinder oil pressure in passage (5) and the force of the spring for load check valve (2).
Makeup Valve
Makeup valve (15) is in the head end lift circuit. Whenever cylinder oil pressure in passage (14) is
approximately 14 kPa (2 psi) less than return oil pressure in passage (16), makeup valve (15) opens to
add return oil in passage (16) to cylinder oil in passage (14). This prevents cavitation (vacuum) in the lift
cylinders.
Ripper Lift Control Valve
RIPPER LIFT CONTROL VALVE (Lift Valve Spool in LOWER Position)

1. Lever. 2. Outlet passage to oil tank. 3. Load check valve. 4. Passage. 5. Inlet passage for pump oil. 6. Outlet passage to oil
tank. 7. Chamber for signal oil. 8. Passage for signal oil to inlet valve group. 9. Shuttle valve. 10. Passage to oil tank. 11.
Passage for signal oil. 12. Spring. 13. Lift valve spool. 14. Makeup valve for head end of ripper lift cylinders. 15. Passage to
head end of ripper lift cylinders. 16. Outlet passage to oil tank. 17. Passage to rod end of ripper lift cylinders. 18. Plug.
The ripper lift control valve is the last control valve in the implement hydraulic system. The pump oil
comes from the bulldozer lift control. The ripper lift control valve has makeup valve (14), shuttle valve
(9), lift valve spool (13) and load check valve (3).
Lift valve spool (13) is a spring-centered, closed-center, manually operated spool with three positions:
RAISE, HOLD and LOWER. Spring (12) keeps the spool in HOLD position when the ripper lift circuit
is not in use. Movement of the spool is controlled manually by the operator. Linkage connects the ripper
lift control lever to lever (1). Lever (1) is connected to lift valve spool (13).
Shuttle valve (9) is a double check valve. More description of the shuttle valve is given along with the
description of the lift valve spool. The description of the makeup valve and load check valve are in
separate sections. In the description of the ripper lift valve spool, the bulldozer tilt valve spool and
bulldozer lift valve spool are in the HOLD position.
When lift valve spool (13) is in the HOLD position, pump in inlet passage (5) is unloaded (sent) to the
oil tank at the inlet valve group. At this time, chamber (7) and passage (8) are drained through passage
(10).
Lower Position
When lift valve spool (13) is moved to LOWER position, cylinder oil from passage (15) goes through
over and goes through passage (8) to the inlet valve group. This moves unloading valve over so that the
pump oil does not go directly to the oil tank. The pressure in inlet passage (5) now increases.
The increased pressure of the pump oil at inlet passage (5) opens load check valve (3). The oil now goes
through passage (4) around lift valve spool (13) and out passage (15) to the head ends of the ripper
cylinders. This causes the ripper cylinders to lower the ripper.
Oil from the rod ends of the ripper cylinders comes through passage (17), around lift valve spool (13)
and through passage (2) to the oil tank. Now the pressure of the pump, cylinder and signal oil are the
same.
Raise Position
When lift valve spool (13) is moved to RAISE position, cylinder oil from passage (17) goes through
over and goes through passage (8) to the inlet valve group. The unloading valve moves over and the
pressure in inlet passage (5) increases.
Load check valve (3) opens and oil goes through passage (4) around lift valve spool (13). Oil around
spool (13) goes out passage (17) to the rod ends of the ripper cylinders. This causes the ripper cylinders
to raise the ripper.
Oil from the head ends of the ripper cylinders comes through passage (15), around lift valve spool (13)
and through outlet passage (6) to the oil tank. Now the pressure of the pump, cylinder and signal oil are
the same.
Load Check Valve
Load check valve (3) prevents reverse oil flow in the ripper cylinders which can cause load loss. The
load check valve will not open until pump oil pressure becomes greater than the force of the spring of
the load check valve and the cylinder oil pressure in passage (4).
Makeup Valve
Makeup valve (14) is in the head end lift circuit. Whenever cylinder oil pressure in passage (15) is
approximately 14 kPa (2 psi) less than return oil pressure in passage (16), makeup valve (14) opens to
add return oil in passage (16) to cylinder oil in passage (15). This prevents cavitation (vacuum) in the lift
cylinders.
Quick-Drop Valves
A quick-drop valve is installed on the head end of each of the cylinders for bulldozer lift. These valves
will let the bulldozer drop very fast. The valves also permit the application of down pressure when it is
on the ground.
When the bulldozer control valve is moved to the RAISE position, pump oil goes in the quick-drop
valve at inlet (1), through orifice (3), across valve (5) and out through outlet (7) to the rod end of the lift
cylinder. A small amount of oil goes through orifice (2) and fills the chamber behind plunger (4). The
pressure of this oil adds to the force of spring (8) which pushes valve (5) and plunger (4) against cover
(6). When valve (5) is pushed against the cover (6), head end outlet (11) is closed from the flow of oil to
the rod end of the cylinder. Oil from the head end of the cylinder comes into the valve at outlet (11) and
returns to the control valve through inlet (9).
QUICK-DROP VALVE OPERATION

(Bulldozer Raise)
1. Inlet from control valve. 2. Orifice. 3. Orifice. 4. Plunger. 5. Valve. 6. Cover. 7. Outlet to rod end of cylinder. 8. Spring. 9.
Inlet from control valve. 10. Passages (two). 11. Outlet to head end of cylinder. 12. Valve body. 13. Passages (two).

(Bulldozer Lower, Quick-Drop)
1. Inlet from control valve. 3. Orifice. 4. Plunger. 5. Valve. 6. Cover. 7. Outlet to rod end of cylinder. 8. Spring. 11. Outlet to
head end of cylinder. 12. Valve body.
When the bulldozer is lowered without resistance, the weight of the bulldozer moves oil from the rod
end of the cylinder, through the quick-drop valve and back to the bulldozer lift control valve. As the oil
goes through orifice (3), a pressure increase is caused in the rod end of the cylinder. This pressure
pushes against the face of valve (5) which causes it and plunger (4) to move against the force of spring
(8). Return oil from the rod end of the cylinder is then added to the flow of oil from the control valve to
the head end of the cylinder. This lets the bulldozer drop very fast.
A small movement of the bulldozer control lever to the LOWER position, lets the bulldozer lower
slowly without quick-drop valve action. In this case, the oil from the rod end of the cylinder is not
enough to cause a pressure increase large enough to move valve (5) and plunger (4). All of the oil from
the rod end goes back to the control valve. Only pump oil goes to the head end.

(Bulldozer Lower, Slow Speeds)
1. Inlet from control valve. 3. Orifice. 4. Plunger. 5. Valve. 8. Spring. 9. Inlet from control valve. 11. Outlet to head end of
cylinder.

(Bulldozer Lower, Down Pressure)
1. Inlet from control valve. 2. Orifice. 3. Orifice. 4. Plunger. 5. Valve. 6. Cover. 7. Outlet to rod end of cylinder. 8. Spring.
10. Passages (two). 11. Outlet to head end of cylinder. 13. Passages (two).
When the bulldozer is lowered to the ground and resistance to additional movement is more than the
weight of the bulldozer, oil from the rod end of the cylinder decreases. As the oil through orifice (3)
becomes less, the pressure on the face of valve (5) decreases and the force of spring (8) moves valve (5)
and plunger (4) back against cover (6). All return oil goes to the control valve. All cylinder oil goes to
the head end of the cylinder. Passages (13) let part of the pump oil fill the space between plunger (4) and
valve (5). Hydraulic force is then available to hold valve (5) against cover (6).
Passages (10) in plunger (4) prevent a hydraulic lock as the plunger moves past orifice (2).
Operation Of Complete Hydraulic System
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IN BULLDOZER RAISE POSITION
1. Inlet valve group.
2. Charging valve.
3. Main relief valve.
4. Implement pump.
5. Oil tank.
6. Oil filter.
7. Margin stem.
8. Unloading valve.
9. Load check valve.
10. Priority flow control valve.
11. Pressure limiter valve.
12. Shuttle valve.
13. Bulldozer tilt cylinder.
14. Tilt valve spool.
15. Bulldozer tilt control valve.
17. Shuttle valve.
18. Lift valve spool (bulldozer).
19. Bulldozer lift control valve.
20. Makeup valve.
21. Quick drop valves.
23. Shuttle valve.
24. Lift valve spool (ripper).
25. Ripper lift control valve.
26. Makeup valve.
27. Ripper cylinders.
28. Bulldozer lift cylinders.
Hold Operation Of The Complete Hydraulic System

When the engine is running with the control levers in their HOLD positions, no pump oil is needed in
the implement hydraulic system. In this closed-center hydraulic system, the oil cannot flow around valve
spools (14), (18) and (24) to get back to oil tank (5). Implement pump (4) takes oil from oil tank (5) and
sends it to inlet valve group (1). Because there is no load on the implement pump, unloading valve (8)
moves over and lets the pump oil go directly back to oil tank (5) through oil filter (6). The implement
pump is "unloading".
At this time, the pressure in the system is approximately 360 kPa (52 psi). This pressure is felt on
priority flow control valve (10). Priority flow control valve (10) moves against the force of its spring.
The valve stays (keeps) in a position approximately halfway between its left and right stops when the
pump is unloading.
Main relief valve (3) controls the maximum pressure in the implement hydraulic system. Charging valve
(2) controls (restricts) return oil flow back to the oil tank. If oil filter (6) gets full of debris (foreign
material), the filter bypass valve opens and lets the return oil go directly into oil tank (5).
Bulldozer Lift Circuit

Raise Operation
When the bulldozer lift control lever is moved to RAISE position, lift valve spool (18) moves to RAISE
position. Lift cylinder oil (rod end) goes through lift valve spool (18) and becomes signal oil.
Pump oil goes through inlet valve group (1) and bulldozer tilt control valve (15) to get to bulldozer lift
control valve (19). The oil goes through priority flow control valve (10) and moves it against the force
of its spring to get to the bulldozer lift control valve.
The signal oil goes through shuttle valve (17) of the bulldozer lift control valve and shuttle valve (12) of
bulldozer tilt control valve (15), to unloading valve (8) and margin stem (7) of inlet valve group (1).
Unloading valve (8) moves completely to the left and pump oil pressure increases. Margin stem (7) is
held to the left and does not move.
The pump oil now opens load check valve (16). The oil goes around lift valve spool (18) and out
bulldozer lift control valve (19) to the rod ends of lift cylinders (28). The cylinder rods retract. The lift
cylinders cause the bulldozer blade to lift.
The movement of the cylinder rods pushes the oil out of the head ends of the lift cylinders. This oil
comes into the bulldozer lift control valve and goes around lift valve spool (18). The oil goes through
the common tank passages in the bulldozer lift and bulldozer tilt control valves and the inlet valve group
on its way back to oil filter (6) and oil tank (5).
When the bulldozer lift control lever is released, the lever and lift valve spool (18) go back to their
HOLD positions. The lift valve spool holds the oil in lift cylinders (28). Movement of the cylinder rods
stops. The bulldozer blade is held up until the bulldozer lift control lever is moved again.
Lower Operation
When the bulldozer lift control lever is moved to LOWER position, lift valve spool (18) moves to
LOWER position. Lift cylinder oil (head end) goes through lift valve spool (18) and becomes signal oil.
The signal oil goes through shuttle valves (17) and (12) to unloading valve (8) and margin stem (7) of
inlet valve group (1). Unloading valve (8) moves completely to the left and pump oil pressure increases.
The pump oil now opens load check valve (16). The oil goes around lift valve spool (18) and out
bulldozer lift control valve (19) to the head ends of lift cylinders (28). The cylinder rods extend. The lift
cylinders cause the bulldozer to lower.
The movement of the cylinder rods pushes the oil out of the rod ends of the lift cylinders. This oil comes
into the bulldozer lift control valve and goes around lift valve spool (18). The oil goes through the
common tank passages in the lift and tilt control valves, and the inlet valve group on its way back to oil
filter (6) and oil tank (5).
If the blade is lowered very fast, then quick-drop valves (21) send (divert) rod end oil to the head end of
the cylinders to make this happen.
When the bulldozer lift control lever is released, the lever and lift valve spool (18) go back to their
HOLD positions. The lift valve spool holds the oil in lift cylinders (28). Movement of the cylinder rods
stops. The bulldozer blade is held in the lowered position until the bulldozer lift control lever is moved
again.
Float Operation
When the bulldozer lift control lever is moved to FLOAT detent position, lift valve spool (18) moves
into the detent in bulldozer lift control valve (19). The signal oil passage drains around the lift valve
spool. The signal oil at unloading valve (8) and margin stem (7) drains back to oil tank (5), through
shuttle valves (17 and 12) and the signal oil passage. Implement pump (4) unloads around unloading
valve (8). The pump oil pressure is low.
The head and rod ends of lift cylinders (28) are now open to the tank passages in the bulldozer lift
control valve. Outside forces on the blade control the movement of the cylinder rods.
The bulldozer lift control lever must be manually moved out of the FLOAT detent position. There is no
kickout for FLOAT position.
Bulldozer Tilt Circuit

Tilt Right Operation
When the bulldozer tilt control lever is moved to TILT RIGHT position, tilt valve spool (14) moves to
TILT RIGHT position. Tilt cylinder oil (rod end oil) goes through tilt valve spool (14) and divides. This
oil is now signal oil. Some of this oil goes to the spring chamber of priority flow control valve (10). The
valve moves toward the left. The remainder of the signal oil goes through shuttle valve (12) and to
unloading valve (8) and margin stem (7) of inlet valve group (1). Unloading valve (8) moves completely
to the left and the pump oil pressure increases. Margin stem (7) is held to the left (does not move).
The pump oil now goes through priority flow control valve (10) and opens load check valve (9). The oil
goes around tilt valve spool (14) and out tilt control valve (15) to the rod end of tilt cylinder (13). The
cylinder rod retracts. The bulldozer blade tilts to the right.
The movement of the cylinder rod pushes the oil out of the head end of tilt cylinder (13). This oil comes
into bulldozer tilt control valve (15) and goes around tilt valve spool (14). The oil goes through the
common tank passages in the bulldozer tilt control valve and inlet valve group (1) on its way back to oil
filter (6) and oil tank (5).
When only part of the pump oil is needed, the pressure of the oil on the left end of margin stem (7)
pushes the margin stem to the right inside of unloading valve (8). This lets pump oil that is not needed
go through unloading valve (8) and back to the tank. Margin stem (7) is now in its pressure
compensation position. When all of the pump oil is needed in the implement hydraulic system, margin
stem (7) is moved all the way to the left (it does not operate).
When the bulldozer tilt control lever is released, the lever and tilt valve spool (14) go back to their
HOLD positions. The tilt valve spool holds the oil in tilt cylinder (13). Movement of the cylinder rod
stops. The bulldozer blade stays tilted right until the bulldozer control lever is moved again.
Tilt Left Operation
When the bulldozer tilt control lever is moved to TILT LEFT position, tilt valve spool (14) moves to
TILT LEFT position. Tilt cylinder oil (head end oil) goes through tilt valve spool (14) and becomes
signal oil. Some of the oil moves priority flow control valve (10) toward the left. The remainder of the
signal oil goes to shuttle valve (12) and on to unloading valve (8) and margin stem (7) of inlet valve
group (1). Unloading valve (8) moves completely to the left and the pump oil pressure increases.
The pump oil now goes through priority flow control valve (10) and opens load check valve (9). The oil
goes around tilt valve spool (14) and out bulldozer tilt control valve (15) to the head end of tilt cylinder
(13). The cylinder rod extends. The bulldozer blade tilts to the left.
The movement of the cylinder rod pushes the oil out of the rod end of tilt cylinder (13). This oil comes
into bulldozer tilt control valve (15) and goes around tilt valve spool (14). The oil goes through the
common tank passages in the tilt control valve and inlet valve group (1) on its way back to oil filter (6)
and oil tank (5).
When the bulldozer tilt control lever is released, the lever and tilt valve spool (14) go back to their
HOLD positions. The tilt valve spool holds the oil in tilt cylinder (13). Movement of the cylinder rod
stops. The bulldozer blade stays tilted left until the bulldozer control lever is moved again.
Ripper Lift Circuit

Lower Operation
When the ripper control lever is moved to LOWER position, lift valve spool (24) moves to LOWER
position. Ripper cylinder oil (head end) goes through lift valve spool (24). This oil now becomes signal
oil. Signal oil then goes through shuttle valves (23), (17) and (12) to unloading valve (8) and margin
stem (7) of inlet valve group (1). Unloading valve (8) moves completely to the left and pump oil
pressure increases. Margin stem (7) is held to the left (does not move).
The pump oil now opens load check valve (22). The oil goes around lift valve spool (24) and out ripper
control valve (25) to the head end of ripper cylinders (27). The cylinder rods extend and the ripper
lowers.
The movement of the cylinder rods push oil out of the rod ends of ripper cylinders (27). This oil comes
into ripper control valve (25) and goes around lift valve spool (24). Then the oil goes through the
common tank passages in the ripper, bulldozer lift and bulldozer tilt control valves and inlet valve group
(1) on its way back to oil filter (6) and oil tank (5).
When the ripper control lever is released, the lever and lift valve spool (24) go back to their HOLD
positions. The lift valve spool holds the oil in the ripper cylinders. The ripper will stay lowered until the
ripper control lever is moved again.
Raise Position
When the ripper control lever is moved to RAISE position, lift valve spool (24) moves to RAISE
position. Ripper cylinder oil (rod end) goes through lift valve spool (24) and becomes signal oil. Signal
oil then goes through shuttle valves (23), (17) and (12) to unloading valve (8) and margin stem (7) of
inlet valve group (1). Unloading valve (8) moves completely to the left and the pump oil pressure
increases.
Pump oil now opens load check valve (22). The oil goes around lift valve spool (24) and out ripper
control valve (25) to the rod ends of ripper cylinders (27). The cylinder rods retract and the ripper raises.
Movement of the cylinder rods push the oil out of the head ends of ripper cylinders (27). This oil comes
into ripper control valve (25) and goes around lift valve spool (24). Then the oil goes through the
common tank passages in the ripper, bulldozer lift and bulldozer tilt control valves and inlet valve group
(1) on its way back to oil filter (6) and oil tank (5).
When the ripper control lever is released, the lever and lift valve spool valve (24) go back to their
HOLD positions. The lift valve spool holds the oil in ripper cylinders (27). The cylinder rods are
stopped and the ripper will stay raised until the ripper control lever is moved again.
Copyright 1993 - 2005 Caterpillar Inc. Fri Mar 18 00:16:00 UTC-0400 2005
Todos los derechos reservados.
Red privada para licenciados del SIS.

Hydraulic System: Systems Operation

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Hydraulic System: Systems Operation

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Búsqueda del medio - SENR4178 - D7H TRACTOR HYDRAULICS Página 1 de 28

Producto: NO SE HA ESCOGIDO NINGUN EQUIPO

1. Ripper lift cylinders.

4. Bulldozer lift cylinders.

5. Bulldozer tilt cylinder.

6. Implement control valve.

7. Oil filter and tank.

The hydraulic system is a closed-center, pressure-compensated (PC), manually operated circuit.

HYDRAULIC PUMP (2)

IMPLEMENT CONTROL VALVE (6)

PUMP ROTATION AND OIL FLOW

Oil Filter And Tank

OIL FILTER AND TANK

Implement Control Valve Group

IMPLEMENT CONTROL VALVE GROUP

Inlet Valve Group

Unloading Valve And Margin Stem

Operation With Full Implement Pump Flow To Tank (Unloading)

INLET VALVE GROUP (With Full Implement Pump Flow to Tank)

spring. 23. Unloading spring.

Operation With Full Implement Pump Flow To The Cylinders

INLET VALVE GROUP (With Full Implement Pump Flow To Cylinders)

INLET VALVE GROUP (During Pressure Compensation)

Main Relief Valve

MAIN RELIEF VALVE

Bulldozer Tilt Control Valve

Hold Position With Lift Operation

Tilt Right Position

Tilt Left Position

Pressure Limiter Valve Operation

Load Check Valve

Bulldozer Lift Control Valve

BULLDOZER LIFT CONTROL VALVE (Lift Valve in RAISE Position)

Load Check Valve

Ripper Lift Control Valve

RIPPER LIFT CONTROL VALVE (Lift Valve Spool in LOWER Position)

Load Check Valve

QUICK-DROP VALVE OPERATION

QUICK-DROP VALVE OPERATION

QUICK-DROP VALVE OPERATION

QUICK-DROP VALVE OPERATION

Operation Of Complete Hydraulic System

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IN BULLDOZER RAISE POSITION

1. Inlet valve group.

3. Main relief valve.

9. Load check valve.

10. Priority flow control valve.

11. Pressure limiter valve.

12. Shuttle valve.

13. Bulldozer tilt cylinder.

14. Tilt valve spool.

15. Bulldozer tilt control valve.

16. Load check valve.

17. Shuttle valve.

18. Lift valve spool (bulldozer).

19. Bulldozer lift control valve.

20. Makeup valve.

21. Quick drop valves.

22. Load check valve.

23. Shuttle valve.

24. Lift valve spool (ripper).

25. Ripper lift control valve.

26. Makeup valve.