REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

RC BEAM

REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM COMPONETS

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

FLEXURAL STRESS
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

BEHAVIOR OF RC BEAMS UNDER GRAVITY LOADS

1. UN-CRACKED CONCRETE – ELASTIC STAGE

At loads much lower than the ultimate, concrete remains un-cracked in compression as well as in
tension and the behavior of steel and concrete both is elastic

2. CRACKED CONCRETE – ELASTIC STAGE

With increase in load, concrete cracks in tension but remains un-cracked in compression.
Concrete in compression and steel in tension both behave in elastic.

3. CRACKED CONCRETE – INELASTIC STAGE (ULTIMATE STRENGTH)

Concrete is cracked in tension. Concrete in compression and steel in tension both enters into
inelastic range. At collapse, steel yields and concrete in compression crushes.
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

STRESSES OF RC BEAMS UNDER GRAVITY LOADS

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS IN ACI 318

1. A plane section before bending remains plane after bending.

2. Stresses and strain are approximately proportional up to moderate loads (concrete stress
𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒄 ). When the load is increased, the variation in the concrete stress is no longer linear.

3. Tensile strength on concrete is neglected in the design of reinforced concrete beams.

4. The bond between the steel and concrete is perfect and no slip occurs.

5. Strain in concrete and reinforcement shall be assumed proportional to the distance from the
neutral axis.

6. The maximum usable concrete compressive strain at the extreme fiber is assumed to be 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑.

7. The steel is assumed to be uniformly strained to the strain that exist at the level of the centroid of
the steel.
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

ACI CODE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FLEXURAL STRENGTH

1. The RC members shall be designed using the strength design method. The resisting member’s
flexural capacity calculated based on a specified dimension and material strength called the
nominal flexural capacity 𝑴𝒏 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚 𝒅 𝒂⁄𝟐 shall be reduced by multiplying it by the strength
reduction factor 𝝓 𝟎. 𝟗. Therefore, 𝑴𝒖 𝝓𝑴𝒏 .

2. The loads are amplified.

3. Reinforcement shall be checked for ductility requirements for 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 and 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 .
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAMS DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. Selection of Sizes

2. Calculation of Loads

3. Analysis

4. Design

5. Detailing
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. SELECTION OF SIZES

Minimum Depth of Beams

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN PROCEDURE

2. CALCULATION OF LOADS

𝑴𝒖 𝟏. 𝟐𝑫 𝟏. 𝟔𝑳

3. DESIGN

Flexural Capacity Check

Nominal Capacity 𝑴𝒏 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚 𝒅 𝒂 ⁄𝟐

Ultimate Capacity 𝝓𝑴𝒏 𝝓𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚 𝒅 𝒂 ⁄𝟐

To avoid failure 𝝓𝑴𝒏 𝑴𝒖

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

DESIGN CRITERIA

𝒇𝒄 𝟐𝟕𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒚 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑴𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝑹𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝑺𝒕𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒔 𝑹𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎

- CALCULATE FOR THE REQUIRED NUMBER OF MAIN REBAR TO RESIST THE APPLIED MOMENT
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

1. CALCULATE FOR THE INITIAL EFFECTIVE DEPTH

- Assume initial number of bars (minimum of 2)

- Check clear spacing between bars
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝟐 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝟑 𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝒔 𝟑𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎
𝟐

𝑑 - Location of 𝒅 will always be at the centroid of the Tension Bars

𝒅 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎⁄𝟐

𝒅 𝟒𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

2. CALCULATE THE DEPTH OF THE COMPRESSION AREA

𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
𝒂
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄 𝒃

𝟐
𝝅 𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 𝟑 𝟗𝟒𝟐. 𝟒𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟒
𝑑
𝟗𝟒𝟐. 𝟒𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝑵⁄𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝒂 𝟖𝟔. 𝟐𝟒𝒎𝒎
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝟐𝟕 𝑵⁄𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

3. CALCULATE THE INITIAL NOMINAL CAPACITY

𝑴𝒏 𝑨𝒔 𝒇 𝒚 𝒅 𝒂 ⁄𝟐

𝑴𝒏 𝟗𝟒𝟐. 𝟒𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝑵⁄𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟒𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝟖𝟔. 𝟐𝟒𝒎𝒎⁄𝟐

𝑴𝒏 𝟏𝟔𝟑, 𝟎𝟑𝟗, 𝟐𝟑𝟖. 𝟐𝟎𝑵𝒎𝒎

𝑑
𝑴𝒏 𝟏𝟔𝟑. 𝟎𝟑𝒌𝑵𝒎
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

4. CALCULATE THE INITIAL ULTIMATE CAPACITY

𝑴𝒖 𝝓𝑴𝒏

𝑴𝒖 𝟎. 𝟗 𝟏𝟔𝟑. 𝟎𝟑𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝑴𝒖 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟕𝟐𝒌𝑵𝒎 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝑑
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

5. CHECK FOR MINIMUM STEEL RATIO

𝒅 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎⁄𝟐 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝑴𝒖 𝟏𝟖𝟐. 𝟑𝟓𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟏. 𝟒⁄𝒇𝒚 𝟏. 𝟒⁄ 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑

𝟑𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐
600mm

𝑑 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒅 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟗𝟒𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

6. CHECK FOR MAXIMUM STEEL RATIO

- If 𝒇𝒄 𝟑𝟎𝑴𝒑𝒂, 𝜷 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
- If 𝒇𝒄 𝟑𝟎𝑴𝒑𝒂, 𝜷 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝒇𝒄 𝟑𝟎
- Max 𝜷 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
- Max 𝜷 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓

𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄 𝜷 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝟐𝟕𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝟔𝟎𝟎

𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟑
600mm

𝑑 𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒇𝒚 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟑 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟒

𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒅 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟒. 𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟒. 𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟗𝟒𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

300kN

300kN
600mm

600mm

600mm
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

7. DESIGN FOR CONCRETE SHEAR CAPACITY

𝑽𝒖 𝝓 𝑽𝒄 𝑽𝒔

𝟏 𝟏
𝑽𝒄 𝒇 𝒃𝒅 𝟐𝟕𝑴𝒑𝒂 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝟖𝟖, 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟒𝟓𝑵
𝟔 𝒄 𝟔
600mm

𝑑 𝑽𝒄 𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟑𝟖𝒌𝑵
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

8. DESIGN FOR STEEL SHEAR CAPACITY

𝑽𝒖 𝝓 𝑽𝒄 𝑽𝒔

𝒔 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝟐
𝝅 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒗 𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐
600mm

𝑑 𝟒

𝒇𝒚𝒕 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝑨𝒗 𝒇𝒚𝒕 𝒅 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝑵⁄𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝑽𝒔 𝟖𝟏, 𝟑𝟔𝟕. 𝟒𝟒𝑵
𝒔 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝑽𝒔 𝟖𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝒌𝑵
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

9. DESIGN FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR CAPACITY

𝑽𝒖 𝝓 𝑽𝒄 𝑽𝒔

𝑽𝒄 𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟑𝟖𝒌𝑵

𝑽𝒔 𝟖𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝒌𝑵
600mm

𝑑
𝑽𝒖 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟑𝟖𝒌𝑵 𝟖𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟎𝒌𝑵

𝑽𝒖 𝟐𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟎𝒌𝑵 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

10. DESIGN FOR STEEL SHEAR CAPACITY

𝑽𝒖 𝝓 𝑽𝒄 𝑽𝒔

𝒔 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝟐
𝝅 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒗 𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐
600mm

𝑑 𝟒

𝒇𝒚𝒕 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝑨𝒗 𝒇𝒚𝒕 𝒅 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝑵⁄𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝒎𝒎

𝑽𝒔 𝟏𝟐𝟐, 𝟎𝟓𝟏. 𝟏𝟔𝑵
𝒔 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝑽𝒔 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝒌𝑵
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RC BEAM

RC BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

11. DESIGN FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR CAPACITY

𝑽𝒖 𝝓 𝑽𝒄 𝑽𝒔

𝑽𝒄 𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟑𝟖𝒌𝑵

𝑽𝒔 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝒌𝑵
600mm

𝑑
𝑽𝒖 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝟐𝟖𝟖. 𝟑𝟖𝒌𝑵 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝒌𝑵 𝟑𝟎𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝒌𝑵

𝑽𝒖 𝟑𝟎𝟕. 𝟖𝟐𝒌𝑵 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵