Shear Friction

Get The Code Based Concept Once

And For All……..
Muhammad Qasim
It arises from the roughness of the interface and the
clamping force (dowel action) created by the steel
reinforcement across it. The shear friction mechanism
occurs in stages.
• The concrete component
contributes to the majority of
the shear friction capacity;
• The steel component develops
only after significant cracking.

T
Friction Stress

T
Compression on
T concrete surface
Friction Stress

T
Compression on
T concrete surface
FOR EXAMPLE …!!
• In this example, the footing is expanded on the exterior side of the
concrete column or wall.

• During the construction of such

Column footings, the surface of the existing
or Wall concrete is roughened.
• Steel bars are dowelled into the
existing footing using epoxy grout,
and the concrete of the addition to
the footing is cast against the
Existing
existing surface of the footing.
Concrete

Epoxy
Coated bar

Plane of
shear
 • The roughening of the existing
Column surface of the footing helps the
or Wall interlocking of the new concrete
cast against the existing concrete.
• A shear friction is developed at the
interface of the new and existing
concrete, and dowels experience
Existing tensile forces and resist the slip
Concrete
between the two surfaces.
Epoxy
Coated bar

Plane of
shear
• Shear friction is addressed in section 22.9 of the code.
• The ACI procedure for the design of shear friction is
explained as follows:
• The forces (Vu) across the shear plane.
• If the shear friction is perpendicular to the shear plane, nominal
shear strength is calculated as:
• Vn = m x Avf x fy (ACI Equation 22.9.4.2)
• If the shear friction is inclined to the shear plane and the shear force induces
tension in the shear friction reinforcement, nominal shear strength is
calculated as:
• Vn = Avf x fy x (m a Sin + Cosa) (ACI Equation 22.9.4.3)
• μ is the coefficient of friction obtained from table 22.9.4.2 of the code for the
condition under consideration.
• Avf is the area of reinforcement crossing the shear plane to resist shear
(mm2)
• α is the angle between shear friction reinforcement and the assumed shear
plane in case of inclined reinforcement.
• The maximum value of the nominal shear strength (Vn) across the
shear strength for normal weight concrete placed monolithically or
placed against hardened concrete intentionally roughened to a full
amplitude of approximately 6.25mm. shall be least
• If there is permanent compressive force across the shear
plane, the code allows it to be added to Avf.fy to
calculate Avf.
• If there is a tension across the shear plane due to
restraint of deformations caused by temperature
change, creep, and shrinkage, the area of reinforcement
required to resist it shall be added to the area of
reinforcement required by the shear friction crossing the
shear plane.
• ФVn ≥ Vu, where Ф is the strength reduction factor.
Proper details of the shear friction reinforcement GOOD
shall be provided on the construction drawings SCHEME BOY !
and documents.
If there is no moment acting across the shear
plane, then the shear friction reinforcement shall
be distributed uniformly along the shear plane
to minimize crack width. otherwise, the shear
friction reinforcement shall be placed in the
flexural tension zone. Anchorage of the
reinforcement is developed by bond or a
mechanical device or threaded rods. The bond is
usually provided by epoxy grout in the holes in
which the reinforcement is inserted………….
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