DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Iqbal A, Jan A, Wajid MA, Tariq S, Jan K. Management of chronic non-healing

wound by Hirudotherapy. World J Pharm Sci. 2017; 5(2): 113-20
2. Mace LG, Oldenburg R, Chretien F, Demangel C. Pathogenesis of skin ulcers: Lessons
from the Mycobacterium ulcerans and Leishmania spp. pathogens. Cell Mol Life
Sci.2014;71(13): 2443–50.
3. Batra RK, Aseeja V. VAC Therapy in Large Infected Sacral Pressure Ulcer Grade IV
Can Be an Alternative to Flap Reconstruction?. Indian J Surg. 2014;76(2):162–4.
4. Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD. Treatment of
pressure ulcers: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(5):370–9.
5. Rai A, Janani K, Rai R. Efficacy of topical timolol versus saline in chronic venous
ulcers: A randomized controlled trial. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2020;13(1):18–23.
6. Sivamani RK, Shi B, Griffiths E, Vu SM, Lev-Tov HA, Dahle S, et al. Acute
wounding alters the beta2-adrenergic signaling and catecholamine synthetic pathways
in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(8):2258–66.
7. Braun LR, Lamel SA, Richmond NA, Kirsner RS. Topical Timolol for Recalcitrant
Wounds. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(12):1400.
8. Chakkittakandiyil A, Phillips R, Frieden IJ, Siegfried E, Lara-Corrales I, Lam J, et al.
Timolol maleate 0.5% or 0.1% gel-forming solution for infantile hemangiomas: A
retrospective multicenter cohort study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2012;29(1):28–31.
9. Jaul E, Barron J, Rosenzweig, J. P. & Menczel, J. An overview of co-morbidities and
the development of pressure ulcers among older adults. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):1–
11.
10. Cakmak SK, Gul U, Ozer S, Yiǧit Z, Gönü M. Risk factors for pressure ulcers. J
Wound Care. 2009;22(9):412–5
11. Leblebici B, Turhan N, Adam M, Akman MN. Clinical and Epidemiologic Evaluation
of Pressure Ulcers in Patients at a University Hospital in Turkey. J Wound Ostomy
Cont Nurs. 2007;34(4):407–11.
12. Thomas B, Kurien JS, Jose T, Ulahannan SE, Varghese SA. Topical timolol promotes
healing of chronic leg ulcer. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(6):844–50.
13. Manahan MN, Peters P, Scuderi S, Surjana D, Beardmore GL. Topical timolol for a
chronic ulcer:a case with its own control. Med J Aust. 2014;200(1):49–50..
14. Tang JC, Dosal J, Kirsner RS. Topical timolol for a refractory wound. Dermatologic
Surg. 2012;38(1):135–8.
15. Grando SA, Pittelkow MR, Schallreuter KU. Adrenergic and Cholinergic Control in
the Biology of Epidermis: Physiological and Clinical Significance. J Invest Dermatol.
2006;126(9):1948–65.
16. Werner S, Krieg T, Smola H. Keratinocyte-fibroblast interactions in wound healing. J
Invest Dermatol. 2007;127(5):998–1008.
17. Pullar CE, Le Provost GS, O’Leary AP, Evans SE, Baier BS, Rivkah Isseroff R. β2AR
Antagonists and β2AR Gene Deletion Both Promote Skin Wound Repair Processes. J
Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(8):2076–84.
18. Donaldson DJ, Mahan JT. Influence of catecholamines on epidermal cell migration
during wound closure in adult newts. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C Comp Pharmacol.
1984;78(2):267–70.
19. Nayak V, Chogtu B, Parimi A, Mahapatra AK, Vaishnav RL. Comparison of Different
Adrenergic Blockers on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Wistar rats. Br Biomed Bull.
2014;(2):371–5.
20. Mohammadi AA, Bakhshaeekia A, Alibeigi P, Hasheminasab MJ, Tolideei HR,
Tavakkolian AR, et al. Efficacy of Propranolol in Wound Healing for Hospitalized
Burn Patients. J Burn Care Res. 2009;30(6):1013-17.
21. Liu DY, Fischer R, Fraga G, Aires DJ. Collagenase ointment and topical timolol gel
for treating idiopathic pyoderma gangrenosum. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(5):225–
6.
22. Oberbeck R, Van Griensven M, Nickel E, Tschernig T, Wittwer T, Pape HC. Influence
of β-adrenoceptor antagonists on hemorrhage-induced cellular immune suppression.
Shock. 2002;18(4):331–5.
23. Moreira C, Lopes S, Cruz MJ, Azevedo F. Topical timolol for the treatment of
pyoderma gangrenosum. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:2016–17.
24. Vestita M, Filoni A, Bonamonte D, Annoscia P, Giudice G. Topical 0.5% Timolol for
Chronic Refractory Wounds: an Observational Prospective Study. Plast Reconstr Surg
Glob Open. 2017;5(9):21.
25. Kaur R, Fossuo TC, West K, Hadian Y, Gallegos A, Yoon D, et al. Beta-adrenergic
antagonist for the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers: study protocol for a
prospective, randomized, double blinded, controlled and parallel-group study. J BMC.
2020;21(1):1–14.