Introduction To Matlab

MATLAB Environment
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MATLAB for Engineers 3E, by Holly Moore. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval
system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write
to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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Rate of Change Objectives
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After studying this chapter you should be able to

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• Start the MATLAB program and solve simple problems

in the command window
• Understand MATLAB’s use of matrices
• Identify and use the various MATLAB windows
100
200
• Define and use simple matrices
300 • Name and use variables
• Understand the order of operations in MATLAB
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
• Understand the difference between scalar, array and

matrix calculations in MATLAB
This material is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or
transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to:
Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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Rate of Change Objectives - continued
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After studying this chapter you should be able to

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• Express numbers in either floating-point or scientific

notation
• Adjust the format used to display numbers in the
command window
100
• Save the value of variables used in a MATLAB session
• Save a series of commands in an M-file
200
300
400
500
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• Get started with MATLAB

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• Explore the MATLAB windows

• Solve some problems using
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200
MATLAB
• Learn how to save our work
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400
500
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Section 1.1
Getting Started
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• In Windows operating systems click on

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the desktop icon
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MATLAB opens to a default
window configuration
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• MATLAB uses a
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standard
windows menu
bar
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200
300
• To exit MATLAB
400
use the close
500
icon
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Section 1.2
MATLAB Windows
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• MATLAB uses several different

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windows to display data,

commands and results.
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• They are not necessarily all open
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400
at once
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Workspace Window
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Current Folder
Window
Lists files stored in the Command Window
current directory
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200
300
400 MATLAB Windows

500
Command
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History Window
Records all commands
issued in the command
window – including
mistakes
Let’s look at the windows
one at a time
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• Similar to a scratch pad

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• Once you hit Command

enter, you can’t edit any
Window
commands
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• You can retype them or use the arrow
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300
keys to retrieve commands and edit
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500
them before hitting enter again
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• Records the commands you issue

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in the command window

• When you exit the command
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window, or when you issue
Command History
the clc
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400
command, the command window
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is cleared
• But the command history remains
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• You can transfer commands from

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the command history to the

command window
– Double click on a command
• It executes immediately
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200
– Click and drag into the command

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400
500
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window
• You can edit the command before
executing
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Workspace Window
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When you define variables

in the command window,
they are listed in the
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workspace window
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Scalar
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200 Vector
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2-D
Matrix
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of files
• When you try to load information
100
from a file or try to save
information – MATLAB uses the
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current folder
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• If you double click on any variable

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in the workspace window

MATLAB launches a document
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window containing the array
editor
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• You can edit variables in the array
editor
New Variable
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The Document Window

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displays the variable
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400
editor
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• When Figures are created a new

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window opens
• It’s extremely easy to create
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graphs in MATLAB
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First create a vector of x

values – then a
corresponding vector of
100
y values
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300
400
500
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Note: The semicolon
suppresses the output from
each command
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Matlab makes it easy to modify

graphs by adding
•Titles
•Axis labels
•Legends
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300
•Other types of annotations
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500
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• This window allows you to type

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and save a series of commands

without executing them
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• There are several ways to open
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an editing window
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– From the file menu
– With the new file icon
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Open an editing window
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from the file menu or with
400 the new file icon
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New file icon
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Save and Run
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Write your code in the editing window,
then run it using the Save and Run icon
Section 1.3
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Solving Problems with MATLAB

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• We’ve already solved some

simple problems
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• We need to understand how
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MATLAB works to solve more
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complicated problems
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value to a variable
• A=3
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• Should be read as A is assigned a
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value of 3
• Use the variables in subsequent
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calculations
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• All names must start with a letter

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• They may contain letters,

numbers and the underscore ( _ )
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• Names are case sensitive
• There are certain keywords you
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can’t use
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Use the iskeyword function
for a list of keywords
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iskeyword
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ans =
'break' 'global'
'case' 'if'
'catch' 'otherwise'
'classdef' 'parfor'
100
'continue' 'persistent'
200
'else' 'return‘
300
'elseif' ‘spmd’
400
'end‘ 'switch'
'try'
500
'for‘
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'function' 'while'
Keywords are not acceptable variable names
You can reassign function
names
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function names as variables – but

it’s a really bad idea
100
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• sin = 3 changes sin from a
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400
function to a variable
500
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name
• clear sin resets sin back to a
function
Practice Exercise 1.2
Which of these names are allowed
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in MATLAB?
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• test
• Test
• if
x
• x
my-book
100
• my_book
200
• x
Thisisoneverylongnamebutisitstillallowed?
•
300
400
1stgroup
x
500
• group_one
•
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zzaAbc
• z34wAwy?12#
x x
• sin
bad
• log
idea
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1.3.2 Matrices in MATLAB
The basic data type
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• Group of numbers arranged into

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rows and columns

• Single Value (Scalar)
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– Matrix with one row and one column
• Vector (One dimensional matrix)
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– One row or one column

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• Matrix (Two dimensional)

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• You can use MATLAB like you’d

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use a calculator
100 Command
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Prompt
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400
500
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>> 9 + 10
ans=19
Result
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type
a=1+2
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which should be read as:
“a is assigned a value of 1+2 “
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How is the assignment operator
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different from an equality?
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• In algebra the equation

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x=3+5
means that both sides are the same
• In computers when we say
100
x=3+5
200
300
we are telling the machine to store the
400
value on the right hand side of the
500
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equation in a memory location, and to
name that location x
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• Yes!!!
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• In algebra this is not a true statement

x=x+1
100
• In computers (assignment statements)
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it means replace the value in the
400
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memory location named x, with a new
value equal to x+1
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• Same as you’ve learned in math

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class
• Same as your calculator
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– Parentheses first
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– Exponentiation
– Multiplication / division
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– Addition / subtraction
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5*(3+6) = 45
5*3+6 = 21
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200
White space does not matter!!!
300
400
500
5*3 + 6 = 21
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Adding a space around + and – signs makes the

expression more readable
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• Use only ( )
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• { } and [ ] mean something

different
100
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• MATLAB does not assume
300
400
operators
500
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5 * (3+4) not 5(3+4)
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5*6/6*5 = 25
5*6/(6*5) = 1
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400
500
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Rate of Change
Here’s an example
Find the surface area of a cylinder
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r = radius h = height
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3 3.5 4 4.5 5 r=5 h = 10
π r2
2π r * h
100
π r2
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
SA  2r  2rh  2r (r  h) 2
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• Using MATLAB as a glorified

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calculator is OK, but its real

strength is in matrix manipulations
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500
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To create a row vector, enclose a list of values

in brackets
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400
500
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200
You may use either a space or a
comma as a “delimiter” in a row
300
400
500
vector
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200
Use a semicolon as a delimiter to create a
new row
300
400
500
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Rate of Change
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200
300
400
500
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Use a semicolon as a delimiter to create a

new row
Rate of Change
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200
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400
500
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Hint: It’s easier to keep track of how many
values you’ve entered into a matrix, if you
enter each row on a separate line. The
semicolons are optional
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• While a complicated matrix might have

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to be entered by hand, evenly spaced

matrices can be entered much more
readily. The command
100
200 b= 1:5
300
400
500
or the command
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b = [1:5]
both return a row matrix
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100
200
300
400
500
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The default increment is 1, but if you
want to use a different increment put
it between the first and final values
To calculate spacing
between elements use…
Rate of Change
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• linspace
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• logspace
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
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time, hour
3 3.5 4 4.5 5
number of elements in
the array
Initial value in the
Final value in the
array
array
100
200
300
400
500
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Rate of Change
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-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
number of elements in
the array
100 Initial value in the
200
array expressed Final value in the
300
as a power of 10 array expressed
400
as a power of 10
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
It is a common mistake to enter the

initial and final values into the
logspace command, instead of
entering the corresponding power of
10
-5
Rate of Change Hint
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• You can include mathematical

-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
operations inside a matrix

definition statement.
100
200
• For example
300
400
500
a = [0: pi/10: pi]

100 200 300 400 500
Mixed calculations between
scalars and arrays
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
• Matrices can be used in many

-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
calculations with scalars

• There is no confusion when we
perform addition and subtraction
100
200
• Multiplication and division are a little
300
different
• In matrix mathematics the
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
multiplication operator (*) has a very

specific meaning
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
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-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
Addition between arrays is

performed on
corresponding elements
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
Multiplication between
arrays is performed on
corresponding elements if
the .* operator is used
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
MATLAB interprets * to mean matrix

multiplication. The arrays a and b are
not the correct size for matrix
multiplication in this example

-5
Rate of Change Array Operations
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• Array multiplication
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
time, hour
3 3.5 4 4.5 5
.*
• Array division ./
• Array exponentiation .^
100
200
300
400 In each case the size of the arrays must match

500
100 200 300 400 500
The matrix capability of MATLAB makes it
-5
Rate of Change
easy to do repetitive calculations

-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• For example, assume you have a

-1
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0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
list of angles in degrees that you

would like to convert to radians.
100 – First put the values into a matrix.
– Perform the calculation
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200 Either the * or the .* operator can be

300
used for this problem, because it is
400
composed of scalars and a single
matrix
500
100 200 300 400 500
The value of pi is built into MATLAB as

a floating point number, called pi
-5
Rate of Change More about pi
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• Because pi is an irrational number, it

-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
can not be expressed exactly with a

floating point representation
• The MATLAB constant, pi, is really
100
200 an approximation.
300
400
500
• If you find sin(pi) MATLAB returns a
very small number.
100 200 300 400 500
-5
Rate of Change Transpose
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• The transpose operator changes

-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
rows to columns or vice versa.
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
The transpose operator
500
100 200 300 400 500
makes it easy to create
tables
Rate of Change
-5
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-4
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-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
table =[degrees;radians]’ would have given

the same result
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
The transpose
100
operator works on
200
both one dimensional
300 and two dimensional
400 arrays
500
100 200 300 400 500
-5
Rate of Change Number Display
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• Scientific Notation
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
– Although you can enter any number in

decimal notation, it isn’t always the best
way to represent very large or very small
100 numbers
– In MATLAB, values in scientific notation
200
300
400
500
are designated with an e between the
100 200 300 400 500
decimal number and exponent. (Your

calculator probably uses similar notation.)
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
It is important to omit blanks between
200
the decimal number and the exponent.
300 For example, MATLAB will interpret
400
6.022 e23
500
100 200 300 400 500
as two values (6.022 and 1023 )
-5
Rate of Change Display Format
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• Multiple display formats are available

-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
• No matter what display format you

choose, MATLAB uses double
precision floating point numbers in its
100
200 calculations
300
400
500
• MATLAB handles both integers and
decimal numbers as floating point
100 200 300 400 500
numbers
-5
Rate of Change Default
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• The default format is called short

-1
-0.5
0
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time, hour
• If an integer is entered it is
displayed without trailing zeros
100
200
• If a floating point number is
300
400
entered four decimal digits are
displayed
500
100 200 300 400 500
-5
Rate of Change Other formats
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• Changing the format affects all

-1
-0.5
0
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time, hour
subsequent displays
– format long results in 14 decimal
100
digits
– format bank results in 2 decimal
200
300
digits
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
– format short returns the display to

the default 4 decimal digits
-5
Rate of Change
Really Big and Really Small
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• When numbers become too large or

-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
too small for MATLAB to display using

the default format, it automatically
expresses them in scientific notation
• You can force scientific notation with
100
200
– format short e
300
400
– format long e
500
100 200 300 400 500
-5
Rate of Change Common Scale Factor
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• For long and short formats, a

-1
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0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
common scale factor is applied to

the entire matrix if some of the
100
elements become very large, or
very small. This scale factor is
200
300
printed along with the scaled

400
500
100 200 300 400 500
values.
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
Common Scale
Factor
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
-5
Rate of Change Two other formats
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• format +
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
• format rat
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Spacing in the command
window
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
• The format command also allows

-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
us to control how tightly

information is spaced in the
command window
– format compact
100
200
– format loose – (default)

300
400
Notice that the value of A is still

• Most of the examples in this
500
100 200 300 400 500
being displayed using the rat

format, because we haven’t
presentation use format compact changed it back to format short
Section 1.4
Saving Your Work
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• If you save a MATLAB session

-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
performed in the command

window, all that is saved are the
100
values of the variables you have
named
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
Variables are saved,
200
300 not the commands in

400
500
the command window
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
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-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
Save either by using the file menu or...

100
200
Save with a command in the
300
400
command window
500
100 200 300 400 500
MATLAB automatically
saves to a .mat file
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• If you want to save to another

-1
-0.5
0
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time, hour
format, such as .dat, you need to

explicitly tell the program
100
200
300 save <file_name> <variable_list> -ascii

400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Again – Remember that the only things being saved are the
values stored in the workspace window – not the commands
from the command window
-5
Rate of Change Script M-files
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• If you want to save your work,

-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
(the commands you entered)

you need to create an M-file
100
200
• File->New->M-file
300
400
• Type your commands in the edit
window that opens
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• The file can be saved into the

-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
current folder/directory
• It runs in the command window
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
time, hour
3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Save the file using
the save icon, or the
file menu
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
You can dock the editing

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
window with the

MATLAB desktop, by
using the docking arrow
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
This arrangement is
often easier to use
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
I saved this file as
example.m
time, hour
Notice that it now appears

in the current directory
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
When I
execute the
file, the figure
appears on
top of the
MATLAB
desktop
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
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-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
The figure window

can also be docked
onto the MATLAB
desktop, using the
docking arrow Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Rate of Change
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
Notice that the command history

window is hidden underneath the
figure, but can be accessed with
the tab
-5
Rate of Change Comments
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
• Be sure to comment your code

-1
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0
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time, hour
– Add your name

– Date
100
– Section #
200
300
400
– Assignment #
500
100 200 300 400 500
– Descriptions of what you are doing
and why
Rate of Change
-5
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-1
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0
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time, hour
The % sign identifies comments
You need one on each line

100
200
300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
-5
Rate of Change Cell Mode
-4.5
-4
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-3
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-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
• Enables the user to execute one

time, hour
section of code at a time

• Especially useful as you debug
100
your code
•To use cell mode you must activate
200
300
the cell toolbar

400
500
100 200 300 400 500
-5
Rate of Change Cell Toolbar
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
time, hour
100
200
Cell Dividers
300
400 Be sure to include a space

500
100 200 300 400 500 after the %%
-5
Rate of Change Summary
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
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-2
-1.5
•
-1
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0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
time, hour
3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Introduced the MATLAB Windows
• Basic matrix definition
• Save and retrieve MATLAB data
•
100
200 Create and use script M-files

300
400
500
100 200 300 400 500
• The use of cell mode

Introduction To Matlab

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Introduction To Matlab

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MATLAB Environment

After studying this chapter you should be able to

• Start the MATLAB program and solve simple problems

• Understand the difference between scalar, array and

After studying this chapter you should be able to

• Express numbers in either floating-point or scientific

• Get started with MATLAB

• Explore the MATLAB windows

• In Windows operating systems click on

the desktop icon

• MATLAB uses several different

windows to display data,

400 MATLAB Windows

• Similar to a scratch pad

• Once you hit Command

• Records the commands you issue

in the command window

• You can transfer commands from

the command history to the

– Click and drag into the command

When you define variables

• The current folder window is a list

• If you double click on any variable

in the workspace window

The Document Window

• When Figures are created a new

First create a vector of x

Matlab makes it easy to modify

• This window allows you to type

and save a series of commands

New file icon

Save and Run

Solving Problems with MATLAB

• We’ve already solved some

• MATLAB allows you to assign a

• All names must start with a letter

• They may contain letters,

Keywords are not acceptable variable names

• MATLAB will let you use built-in

function names as variables – but

• Group of numbers arranged into

rows and columns

– One row or one column

• Matrix (Two dimensional)

• You can use MATLAB like you’d

• To define a variable a we might

• In algebra the equation

• In algebra this is not a true statement

• Same as you’ve learned in math

Adding a space around + and – signs makes the

• { } and [ ] mean something

5 * (3+4) not 5(3+4)

SA  2r  2rh  2r (r  h) 2

• Using MATLAB as a glorified

calculator is OK, but its real

To create a row vector, enclose a list of values

Use a semicolon as a delimiter to create a

• While a complicated matrix might have

to be entered by hand, evenly spaced

It is a common mistake to enter the

• You can include mathematical

operations inside a matrix

a = [0: pi/10: pi]