CLASS:10

SUBJECT:BIOLOGY
CHAPTER:CONTROL AND COORDINATION
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 Hormones in animals

 Endocrine system
 Endocrine glands & hormones
 Pituitary gland
 Thyroid gland
 Gonads

 Pancreas

 Adrenal gland
 HORMONES IN ANIMALS
Electrical impulses are excellent means for transmission of information but
there are few limitations of using electrical impulses-
Impulses reach only those cells that are connected with nervous tissue.
Cells cannot continuously create and transmit impulse, the cells need some time
to reset the mechanism before these can create and generate a new impulse.
Due the limitations, instead of generating electrical impulse, the stimulated cells
release a chemical compound called hormones.
Hormones will diffuse to all the cells of the body and the cells have receptors to
detect the hormones and to receive the information and transmit it.
Hormones are the chemical messengers which are secreted by the endocrine
gland into the blood.
 ENDOCRINE GLAND

 These are the ductless glands and directly pour their secretion into
blood.
 Pituitary gland
 Thyroid gland
 Pancreas
 Testes
 Ovaries
 Adrenal gland
 Feedback mechanism
 GROWTH HORMONE

 Secreted by pituitary gland, known as master

gland of the body. It is a pea sized gland located
at the base of the brain.
 It controls and regulate the secretions of all
other endocrine glands.
 Regulates growth and development of the body.
 Deficiency of the hormone leads to dwarfism.
 Excess of the hormone leads to gigantism
in children & Acromegaly in adults.
 THYROXIN HORMONE

It is a butterfly-shaped gland located in

the throat.
Secreted by thyroid gland with the use of
iodine.
Helps in the regulation of carbohydrates,
proteins and fat metabolism in the body.
Deficiency of the hormone causes goitre.
Enlarged neck is the characteristic
symptom of goitre.
 SEX HORMONES

 Gonads are the gamete-producing

organs – testes in males and
ovaries in females.
 Reproductive organ testes secrete
testosterone in males and ovaries
secrete estrogen in females.
 Development of sexual characters.
 INSULIN

Secreted by pancreas. It is leaf like structure

present behind the stomach in the abdomen.
Regulates blood sugar level. As an endocrine
gland, it manufactures two hormones –
Insulin and glucagon. Both these hormones
act antagonistically and regulate the sugar
level in the blood.
Deficiency of the hormone causes diabetes
mellitus, increase in blood sugar level.
 ADRENALINE HORMONE

 Adrenal gland Occurs in pair

above each kidney.
It decreases in size with age.
Secrets the hormone
adrenaline which helps in fear,
flight and fight response.
Also secretes nor adrenaline
 FEEDBACK MECHANISM
Hormones should be secreted in precise quantity.
Excess amount as well as deficiency of hormones causes
disorder.
A mechanism is used by the body to regulate the secretion of
hormone which is called as feedback mechanism.
For eg. If sugar level increases in blood, cells of the pancreas
can detect this and produce more amount of insulin to control
blood sugar and as the blood sugar level falls, secretion of
insulin reduces.
THANK YOU