A Detailed Lesson Plan in Probability and Statistics 11

I. OBJECTIVES:
A. Content Standard: Demonstrates understanding of key concepts, uses and
importance of Statistics, data collection/gathering and the different forms of data
presentation, measures of central tendency, measures of variability and
probability.

B. Performance Standards: The learner is able to collect and organize data

systematically and compute accurately measures of central tendency and
variability and apply these appropriately in data analysis and interpretation in
different field.

C. Learning Competency 41a: Calculates the measures of central tendency for

ungrouped data. M7SP-IVf-g-1

Objectives:
1. define mean, median and mode;
2. find the mean, median and mode of a statistical data; and
3. show appreciation to the value of mean, median and mode in real life situation.

II. CONTENT: Measures of Central tendency for Ungrouped Data.

III. LEARNING RESOURCE

A. References Learner's Materials pages: Mathematics Learner’s Module 7 pp.
241-251 Elementary Statistics Manual prepared by Stat 1 Coordinators of CvSU
– Main Can Campus. pp. 31 – 34.
B. Other Learning Resources: Powerpoint Graphics, laptop and LED TV.
C. Additional Materials from Learning Resource portal:
http://www.vitutor.com/statistics/descriptive/mode.html
V. PROCEDURES:
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Daily Routines
1. Prayer
Miss President kindly lead our prayer for (Class President will come in front)
today’s class. Everybody, please stand up. Let us vow our
heads and feel the presence of the Lord.
Amen! Thank you! (Student’s prayer)

2. Greetings
Good morning, Class! Before you seat Good morning, Sir Cañete!
properly class, please pick up all the pieces
of papers under your chairs and arrange (Students will pick up the pieces of paper
your chairs properly. and arrange their chairs)

Very Good! How does everyone feel today? We are all ok! Ma’am! (Chorus)

Well thank you for asking! I’m ok too. How about you Ma’am?
Anyways…

3. Checking of Attendance (Class secretary will stand up)

Miss Secretary. May I know the number or I am very flattered to say that everyone is
who are the absentees for today? present, Ma’am!

It is pleasant to hear that.

4. Recall
So, last meeting our topic was all about (Student will stand up)
what? Ma’am, last meeting our topic was all about
Very Good! data in graphs particularly kinds of graph.

Again, what are those different kinds of (Student will stand up)
graphs? The different kinds of graphs are bar
graph, histogram, line graph, pictograph
Nice! Very good! and pie chart or circle graph.

So are we clear with kinds of graphs? Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)

B. Motivation
Class before we move to the next topic, let’s (Students will listen to the direction or
play a 4-PICS-1-WORD game. Of course in mechanics of the game)
this game, 4 pictures will be presented and
you are going to guess what those pictures
tell or what is common on those 4 pictures.
If you got the answer, then raise your hand
and do not answer in chorus? Is that clear? Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)

Ok! Let’s start!

First set!
Yes?
Very good!
Second Set!

(Student will stand up)

MIDDLE Ma’am!

Yes?
Very good also!
Last set

(Student will stand up)

FREQUENT Ma’am!

Yes?

Very Good!

What are the words again?

(Student will stand up)
SUM Ma’am!
So what do you think is our topic for today?
Any idea?
Very Good! MIDDLE, FREQUENT and SUM Ma’am!
(Chorus)
C. Lesson Proper
1. Activity (Student will stand up)
Class, I want you to bring out your Ma’am! I cannot state the exact topic but I
calculators and get ¼ sheet of paper. Write think summing up is involved. The middle
your name, grade level and section. position and the frequency also.
Are you through?
Anyways, please read! Yes? The set of data (Students will bring out their calculators
shows the grades of top 7 G7 Liberica and will get ¼ sheet of paper. They will
students in their periodical test in write their name, grade level and section)
Mathematics last quarter.
Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)
88, 90, 93, 93, 93, 94, 94
(Student will read the given information)
Ok class! Study the given information and
write or copy only the numerical data in your
¼ sheet of paper. Then number your papers
1-3 because after that, you are going to
answer 3 easy questions. Am I making
myself clear?

Are you through?

Ok! Answer the following questions. Do not Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)

copy the questions just write your answers
in your ¼ sheet of paper.
1.) What grade is typical to the group of
students? (For number 1, typical means
usual or average. Try to compute the
average of grades of top 7 G7 Liberica
students in their periodical test in
Mathematics last quarter. You can use your
calculators for computing the average.)
(Students will copy the set of data)
Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)
(Students will answer the following
questions by writing on their ¼ sheet of
paper)
(Students will listen while answering)

2.) What grade appears to be in the middle?

(And for number 2, as we can you can see,

grades are already arranged in ascending
order, the question is what grade appears in
the middle or what grade is the middle?)

3.) What grade frequently appears? (For

number 3, what grade frequently appears?
Or what is the most common value? Or the
most frequently occurring value or case.)

Ok! Finished or not finished. Pass your

papers to the center aisle then forward. 1, 2,
3…

2. Analysis (Students will pass their papers to the

(Draw lots for recitation) center aisle then forward.)
What grade is typical to the group of
students? Yes?

Very good!
(Student will stand up)
What grade appears to be in the middle? Ma’am the typical grade or the average to the
Yes? group students is 92.14.

Very good!
Student will stand up)
What grade frequently appears? 93 Ma’am!
Yes?

Very good!
(Student will stand up)
Teaching or Modelling 93 also Ma’am!

Here is our topic outline.

For today, we are going to talk about:
Measures of Central Tendency for
Ungrouped Data (Student will listen)
- Mean (Arithmetic Mean)
- Population Mean
- Sample Mean
- Median
- Population Median
- Sample Mean
- Mode
- Types of Mode

Please read and understand the definition

of Mean. Yes?

Arithmetic Mean - is computed by summing (Student will read and understand the
all the values of the variable in the data set definition of mean or arithmetic mean)
divided by the number of observations.

Thank you!
Ok! While your classmate is reading some
information, everyone please listen to him or
her. Study and understand the information
being presented on the LED TV. So, you
can also take notes of the important
information or keywords.

Understood?
Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)
Next! Please read! Yes?
Population Mean, µ (mew) (Student will read the definition of
population mean and its formula)
Let X1, X2, …, XN be the N observations of
a variable from a population and N be the
population size.

The population mean is

Thank you!

Please read! Yes? (Student will read the definition and

Sample Mean, 𝑥̅(x-bar) formula of sample Mean)
Let x1, x2, …, xn be the n observations of a
variable from a sample and n be the sample
size.
The sample mean is

Thank you!

To make it simple, the keyword for mean is (Student will stand up)
… Yes? Average Ma’am!

Exactly! Or Mean is the average of all

values.

Aside from that what did you noticed? (Student will stand up)
Yes? The formulas for sample mean are almost
the same but other variables and the
representations differ. But I think Ma’am, the
process of computing or computation is
just the same for the both.
Very good! (Student will stand up)
Anyways, what do you mean by population? Population is the entire group.
Yes?
Very good!
(Student will stand up)
How about the sample? Sample is a subset or just a part of a
Yes? population.
Very good also!
(Student will listen and will take down
You can use the formula: notes)
For both population or sample mean or
whether the data is a population or a
sample. Let say for example, we have here
observations:
(Student will stand up)
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. What is the average or the 3 Ma’am!
mean of these observations?

Very good!
(Student will stand up)
How about if we have 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. What is 8 Ma’am!
the mean of these observations? Yes?

Very good!

Try this one! (Student will read the example)

Please read. Yes?
Example: The number of building permits
issued last month to 12 construction forms
in Amadeo was 2, 6, 0, 6, 10, 3, 0, 14, 2, 4,
7, and 6. Treating data as a population,
compute the mean.

a. 4 c. 6
b. 5 d. 7 (Student will stand up)
Letter B. Sir! 5 permits.
Who wants to answer? Yes?
Let’s see if your answer is correct.
Let’s click letter B!
Great! (Student will read the other example)

Another example! Please read! Yes?

Example: The reaction times of a random
sample of 9 subjects to a stimulant were
recorded as 3, 3.6, 3.1, 4.3, 2.9, 2.3, 2.6,
4.1, and 3.4 seconds. Find the mean.
(Student will stand up)
a. 3.2 c. 3.4 Letter B. 3.2 Ma’am!
b. 3.3 d. 3.5

Who wants to answer? Yes?

Let’ see if your answer is correct. Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)
Let’s click B.
You Got it!
Are we clear with Mean or Arithmetic Mean?

How about the second measure of central

tendency for ungrouped data.
(Student will read the definition of median)
Median.

Please read! Yes?

Median
It is the value that lies in the middle of the
data when arranged in ascending order or
decreasing order of magnitude. (Student will read the definition of raw data
and array)
Thank you!

Next! Please read. Yes?

Raw Data – data in its original form Array –
arrangement of data according to order of
magnitude (increasing or decreasing order) (Student will read the definition of
population median and case 1)
Thank you!

How about the population median? Please

read! Yes?

Population Median, µ̃ (mew tilde) Let X(1),

X(2), X(3), …, X(N) be the N observations
arranged in an array form where N =
population size Case 1) If N is odd; the
median is the middle number.
(Student will read case 2 for population
median)
Thank you!

Please read case number 2. Yes?

Case 2) If N is even, the median is the

average of the 2 middle numbers.

(Student will read the definition of sample

median and its case 1)

Thank you!
How about the sample median? Please
read. Yes?

Sample Median, 𝑥̃ (x tilde) Let X(1), X(2),

X(3), …, X(N) be the n observations
arranged in an array form where n = sample
size
Case 1) If n is odd; the median is the middle
number.
(Students will read case 2 for sample
median)

Thank you!

Please read. Yes?

Case 2) if n is even, the median is the
(Student will stand up)
average of the 2 middle numbers
Middle Ma’am!

Thank you!
So, the keyword for median is … Yes?

Very good! Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)

When we are talking about median. It is the
data or value that lies in the middle of an
(Student will stand up)
array of observation.
Aside from that Ma’am, in finding the median,
of course, we will encounter having odd
Am I right? Based on what your
and even number of observations.
classmates read earlier?

Aside from that what did you noticed?

(Students will listen and will take note of
Yes?
the following formulas)

Very good!

So for both population and sample

median, you can use the following
formulas to compute for the median:

Odd:

(Student will stand up)

The only one item at the center Ma’am!
Even

If the number of observation is odd the
median is … Yes?
Very good!
On the other hand, if the number of
observation is even … Yes?
Very good!
Let’s say for example.
We have here observations,
1,3 and 2.
Is this in array form already or not?
So we must arrange it from ascending or
descending order first or into an array.
We have here now, 1, 2 and 3.
How many observations do we have?
Is that an odd or an even?
Very good!
So what’s the median of the given set of
data?
Very Good!
How about if we have 1, 2, 3 and 4. What
is the median of the given set of data?
(Student will stand up)
Then the median is the average of the two
middle observations.
(Student will listen and study the example)
No Ma’am! (In chorus)
(Students will listen)
(Student will stand up)
3 Ma’am!
Odd Ma’am!
(Student will stand up)
2 Ma’am!
If we have an odd number of observations
Ma’am, it is easy to find the median. That
means there is only one item in the middle
of observations Ma’am or we can use the
formula.
(Student will stand up)
The median Ma’am is 2.5 because if we have
an even number of observations, the
median is the average of the 2 middle
observations. Or we can use the formula:
Very good! Exactly! (Students will listen)

Ok! Listen! Median is affected by extreme

values or excessive values because we
are just arranging the observations into
array and we are just taking the middle
observations, the rest of the excessive
values will no longer be used.

Compare to mean, which is affected by the

extreme values or excessive values
because all the observations were took in
considerations or all observations are used
in the computation. Yes Ma’am! (in chorus)

Am I making myself clear? (Student will read the example)

Ok! Let’s take this example.

Who wants to read the example? Yes?

On a 5 term test in Statistics, a student

has made grades 92, 93, 86, 92, and 79.
Find the median for this population.
a. 79 c. 92
b. 86 d. 93 (Student will answer the example)
Letter C. Ma’am! 92
Thank you! Array: 79, 82, 92, 92, and 93
Who wants answer? Yes? µ̃ = 92
Let’s check if your answer is correct. Let’s
click C. (Student will read the example)
Nice!

Next example. Please read. Yes?

Example: The nicotine contents for a
random sample of 6 cigarettes of a certain
brand are found to be 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.9,
3.1, and 1.9 milligrams. Find the median.
a. 2.3 c. 2.5 (Student will answer the example about
b. 2.4 d. 2.6 median)
Letter C! Ma’am! 2.45 or 2.5
Thank you! Make an array. 1.9, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.9, and
Who wants answer? Yes? 3.1
Let’s check if your answer is correct. Let’s
click C

Awesome! Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)

Are we clear with Median? (Student will read the definition of mode)

How about the mode? Who wants to read?

Yes?

Mode
It is the most frequently occurring
observation in the data set. The value
which occurs most often or with the
greatest frequency. (Student will read the types of mode)
Thank you!

How about the Types of Mode. Please

read. Yes?
No mode – A data having equal frequency
of observations.
Unimodal – A data having one mode.
Bimodal – A data having two modes.
Multimodal – a data having more than two (Student will stand up)
Modes MOST FREQUENT Ma’am!

Thank you!

So the keyword for mode is … Yes?

Very good!
Most frequent! Most common value or the
most frequently occurring value. (Student will stand up)
Equal frequency Ma’am! There is no most
For the types of mode, we can easily common value or no mode for short.
understand each type because of its
name. (Student will stand up)
1 most common value Ma’am!
For no mode, the data have …. Yes?
(Student will stand up)
2 common values.
For unimodal, the data have … Yes?
 (Student will stand up)
More two common values.
For bimodal, the data have … Yes?
Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)

For multimodal, the data have … Yes? No mode Ma’am! (In chorus)

Is that clear?
(Student will stand up)
Let’ say for example, we have 1, 2, and 3. Mo = 1, Unimodal
What’s the mode?
Very good!
(Student will stand up)
How about if we have 1, 1, 2 and 3. What’s Mo = 1 and 2, Bimodal
the mode? What type of mode?
Very good!
(Student will stand up)
How about if we have 1, 1, 2, 2, and 3. Mo = 1, 2 and 3, Multimodal
What’s the mode? What type of mode?
Very good!

How about if we have 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 and 4.

What’s the mode? What type of mode? (Student will read the example for Mode)
Very good!

Other examples:

Who wants to read? Yes?

The number of movies attended last month

by a random sample of 12 Pangil National
High students was recorded as follows: 2,
1, 3, 1, 2, 4, 2, 5, 4, 0, 1, and 4. Find the
mode and determine what type of mode is
being described in this problem.
a. No Mode
b. Mode = 2 movies (Unimodal)
c. Mode = 2 and 4 movies (Bimodal) (Student will stand up)
d. Mode = 1, 2 and 4 movies (Multimodal) Letter D. Ma’am. The modes are 1, 2 and 4.
Since the number of modes is 3. It is
Thank you! multimodal.

Who wants to answer?

Let’s check if your answer is correct. Let’s
click D.
Very Good!
(Student will stand up)
More examples of mode! Who wants to 1. No mode
answer? 2. Mo = 4, Unimodal
3. Mo = 1, 5 and 9, Multimodal
Find the mode of the following and tell
whether it is no mode, unimodal, bimodal,
and multimodal.
1.) 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3 and 3. Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)
2.) 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 and 5.
3.) 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9, and 9.

Very good! (Student will answer the question)

Average of all values or sum of values
So are we clear with the measures of divided by the number of observations
tendency for ungrouped data?
Let’s see..
3. Abstraction (Student will answer the question)
Again, what is mean? Add all the data and divide the sum by the
number of data

Very good! (Student will answer the question)

Value that lies in the middle of the data
How do you find or compute the mean? when arranged in ascending or
descending order of magnitude or middle
Very good! term in an array of observations

What is median?
(Student will answer the question)
Very good! First we must remember the two cases. If
the number of observations is odd, the
median is only one item at the center. But
when the number of observations is even,
then median is the average of the two
How do you find or compute the median? middle observations.

(Student will answer the question)

Very good! Most common value or the most frequent
value

(Student will answer the question)

What is mode? No mode, unimodal, bimodal and
multimodal
Very good!
(Student will answer the question)
Observe the given data then count the
What are the different types of modes? data that frequently appears.

(Students will count off)

How do you find the mode?
Very good!
(Students will listen about the rubric)

4. Application
7-Liberica, group yourselves into 3. Please
count off starting at the back.

Ok! Before you proceed to your respective

groups. Here is our rubric for the group
activity. Aside from the correctness of
answers. You’ll be graded also with the
presentation, cooperation and time. The
presenters must demonstrate a superior Yes Ma’am! (In chorus)
ability to present with the class audience.
All the group members must cooperate (Students will go to their respective group)
with each other and the group must finish
the activity with the given time. 3 minutes
only. (Students will arrange the their chairs into
circular form)
Understood?
(Students will listen)
Group 1, proceed here on the left. Group 2
at the back and Group 3 at the right side.
Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)
You can arrange your chairs into circular
form.
(Student will read the given information)
You can make a yell, a cheer or a clap so
that we can recognize if you’re already
done. The last group who finish their work
will be the first one to present in front. Is
that clear?

Ok! Please read! Yes?

The following sets of data show the weekly

income [in peso] of 10 selected
households living in Brgy. Pangil in the (Students will listen)
town of Amadeo.

1500, 1500, 1700, 1800, 3000, 2100, 1700, (One representative from Group 1 will
1500, 1750, 2000 answer)
1 Ma’am!
Thank you!
(One representative from Group 1 will get
Each group! Listen! Please choose from the card
 the following cards.
(One representative from Group 2 will
Group 1? What number do you like from 1- answer)
3? 2 Ma’am!

(One representative from Group 2 will get

Ok! 1 for Group 1. Here is your card. the card)

(One representative from Group 3 will get

Group 2? Number 2 or number 3? the card)

(Student from group 1 will answer)

Group 2 here is your card. Compute for mean Ma’am!

(Student from group 2 will answer)

Group 3. Of course, you have no choice.
There is only one card left. Here is your
card.
Group 1. What is your task?
How about Group 2?
And the last but not the least group?
Group 3?
Compute for the median Ma’am!
(Student from group 3 will answer)
Find and identify the mode.
(Student will start working by group)
(After 5 minutes , each group will make
yell, cheer or clap)
(Each group presents)

Ok! You may start now.

D. Assessment
The following sets of data show the height in [centimeters] of group of boys playing
basketball. Compute for the mean and median. Find the mode.

145, 136, 140, 150, 134, 129, 126, 130

E. Agreement:
Aura took four examinations in science class. His scores are 48, 65, 78 and 79.
Compute for the mean and median. Find the mode.

F. Closure:
Be a median in a world full of extreme values.
(Median is a not affected by extreme values. In life, living in judge-mental society, we
should act like a median, not affected by extreme values or judgments of other people.
One of the 7 cardinal rules in life, in order for us to be happy is what others think of us is
none of our business. What matters is what we think of ourselves, knowing that we are
always doing the right thing or we are on the right path.)