‐AÑM IF @A VDKZFWRA@KUABKÒD IF @A RA@VI  

„

JABV@YAI IF BKFDBKAR BMDYAG@FR, JKDADBKFWAR [

AINKDKRYWAYKZAR

FRBVF@A _WMJFRKMDA@ IF AINKDKRYWABKÒD

YÎYV@M5
FRYK@MR IF LFRYKÒD FD @A LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@

AINKDKRYWABKÒD.

LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@

AVYMW

NKBCA QVKR_F, _AV@M FDWKQVF

????-???1-<3;;-<<36

ARFRMW

F@KUAGFYC IKANKDA UA_AYA BARYWM

YWVEK@@M - _FWÕ

7?7?
 

VDKZFWRKIAI BAYM@KBA @MR ADLF@FR IF BCKNGMYF

JABV@YAI IF BKFDBKAR BMDYAG@FR, JKDADBKFWAR [ AINKDKRYWAYKZAR
LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@ 

YÎYV@M5

FRYK@MR IF LFRYKÒD FD @A LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@

7
 

VDKZFWRKIAI BAYM@KBA @MR ADLF@FR IF BCKNGMYF

JABV@YAI IF BKFDBKAR BMDYAG@FR, JKDADBKFWAR [ AINKDKRYWAYKZAR
LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@ 
YAG@A IF BMDYFDKIMR

YÎYV@M5.................................................................................................... ............................. 7 
.............................................. ...................................................................................

YAG@A IF BMDYFDKIMR ....................................................

..................................................................................................
.............................................. 2 

BA_KYV@M K ..........................................................................................................................
.................................................................................... ...................................... 6 

1. WFRVNFD ............................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
............................. 6 

BA_KYV@M KKK ....................................................................................................................... < 

1. BMDB@VRKMDFR ....................................................................................................... ... < 

................................................... .......................................................

7. WFJFWFDBKAR GKG@KMLWÁJKBAR
GKG@KMLWÁJ KBAR ...........................................................................
.............................................. ............................. 3 

2
 

VDKZFWRKIAI BAYM@KBA @MR ADLF@FR IF BCKNGMYF

JABV@YAI IF BKFDBKAR BMDYAG@FR, JKDADBKFWAR [ AINKDKRYWAYKZAR
LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@ 
KDYWMIVBBKÒD

Bmnõdnfdtf sf ifjkdf bmnm fstk`m if lfstkòd m `kifrazlm, a` nmim bmnm ud ikrfbtkvm sf

 prfsfdta, ikrklf uda kdstktubkòd, rfsuf`vf bmdj`kbtms tmna ifbkskmdfs, sf rf`abkmda bmd `ms

ifnás abtmrfs, ftb. F` fstk`m quf sf `fs atrkguya, ifpfdifrá if buad sfdskg`f sfa `a ikjfrfdbka

fdtrf udm y mtrm ikrfbtkvm.

_mr `m tadtm, cabkfdim dufstras `as pa`agras if Á`varfz (1;;:), `ms fstk`ms if lfstkòd dm

 pufifd cmy p`adtfarsf ifsif uda pfrspfbtkva

pfrspf btkva õdkbanfdtf pfrsmda`ksta, para sfr nás fxabtms,

f` fstk`m if ikrfbbkòd dm fs ud bmdbfptm udkvmbm, fs nuy bmnp`fem y cay quf fdtfdifr`m y

fstuikar`m sflõd f` bmdtfxtm fd f` quf sf ifsarrm``f. Fdtmdbfs pmifnms ifbkr, skd tfnmr a

fqukvmbardms quf, fxkstfd tadtms fstk`ms if ikrfbbkòd bmnm nmif`ms mrladkzatkvms y nmims

if abbfsm a `a ikrfbbkòd bmnm nmif`ms mrladkzatkvms y nmims if abbfsm a `a ikrfbbkòd.

G`unfr (bktaim fd Ga``, 1;3;), tkfdf uda ifjkdkbkòd smgrf fstk`m, bmd `a quf fstanms

mbka`, ud nmim partkbu`ar
 partkbu`arnfdtf if abufrim, ‐ud fstk`m fs uda jmrna if rfa`kzabkòd ssmbka`,

kdikvkiua`, pfrm a` nksnm tkfnpm fs fsfdbka`nfdtf uda jmrna if abbkòd bmdeudta.„ 

_ara Ga`` (1;3;), ‐ud fstk`m fdba rda uda ifjkdkbkòd if `a sktuabkòd, uda vfrskòd prmpufsta m

qukzás knpufsta if `ms nmims if kdtfrabbkòd smbka` fdtrf f` `îifr y `ms quf bmdiubf„.
b mdiubf„.  

9
 

VDKZFWRKIAI BAYM@KBA @MR ADLF@FR IF BCKNGMYF

JABV@YAI IF BKFDBKAR BMDYAG@FR, JKDADBKFWAR [ AINKDKRYWAYKZAR
LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@ 
BA_KYV@M K

1. WFRVNFD

Rflõd Ga`` (1;3;) pufifd ikstkdlukr trfs fstk`ms prkdbkpa`fs quf smd f` kdtfrpfrsmda`, f`

ainkdkstratkvm y f` pm`îtkbm, sugikvkikfdim f` fstk`m pm`îtkbm fd fstk`m adtalmdksta y fstk`m

autmrktarkm. A` ifta``ar baia udm if f``ms, Ga``, aimpta f` supufstm if quf `ms ikrfbtmrfs

tkfdifd a prfsfdtar ud sm`m fstk`m.

   F` fstk`m kdtfrpfrsmda`

F` ikrfbtmr quf prfsfdta fstf fstk`m tkfdf skfnprf `as pufrtas agkfrtas if `a ikrfbbkòd,

 pmrquf prfjkfrf
prf jkfrf bmdsu`tar ikrfbtanfdtf bmd `as pfrsmdas
pfrs mdas y ifnás abtmrfs
a btmrfs fiubatkvms, fd

`ular if cabfr rfudkmdfs para f``m m fdvkar, fstm `f pfrnktf

pfr nktf sfr nás vkskg`f adtf `ms ifnás

y smdifar mpkdkmdfs bmd `a kdjmrna`kiai fd `as rf`abkmdfs gusba brfar `a sfdsabkòd if ud

b`kna if bmdjkadza fd `a fsbuf`a, a pfsar if quf `a bmnudkbabkòd fs fd ud sm`m

sm `m sfdtkim if

agaem cabka arrkga.

   F` fstk`m ainkdkstratkvm

Vdm if `ms autmrfs quf nfemr ifjkdf fstf tkpm if ikrfbbkòd fjkbkfdtksta, ap`kbaim smgrf

tmim a` ikrfbtmr if uda kdstktubkòd fiubatkva vkstm ifsif `a pfrspfbtkva ainkdkstratkva fs

Ga`` (1;3;), qukfd ajkrna quf f` ikrfbtmr bmd fstk`m if lfstkòd, fs f` efjf fefbutkvm if `a

fsbuf`a, quf lfdfra`nfdtf tragaea bmd f` apmym if ud fqukpm ainkdkstratkvm bmnpufstm

 pmr f` Rugikrfbtmr y `ms prmjfsmrfs nás adtklums. Fstf fqukpm tangkëd abtõa bmnm

nfikaimr fdtrf f` ikrfbtmr y `ms ifnás abtmrfs fiubatkvms if `a kdstktubkòd.

  
F` fstk`m pm`îtkbm

6
 

VDKZFWRKIAI BAYM@KBA @MR ADLF@FR IF BCKNGMYF

JABV@YAI IF BKFDBKAR BMDYAG@FR, JKDADBKFWAR [ AINKDKRYWAYKZAR
LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@ 
Ga`` (1;3;), prfsfdta fstf fstk`m, pmrquf bmdskifra quf f` prmbfsm pm`îtkbm fs rfbmdmbkim

bmnm ud f`fnfdtm knpmrtadtf if `a kdstktubkòd fiubatkva, audquf fstf rfbmdmbknkfdtm

 pufif sfr
s fr fxprfsaim
fxp rfsaim a travës if uda partkbkpabkòd agkfrta y `flktkna, a `a quf kifdtkjkba

bmnm fstk`m adtalòdkbm8 m fd basm bmdtrarkm sf kdtfdtará f`uikr m ifsvkar fsta partkbkpabkòd

a `a quf kifdtkjkba bmnm fstk`m autmrktarkm.

  Fstk`m adtalòdkbm

_ara Ga`` (1;3;) f` ikrfbtmr quf rfprfsfdta fstf fstk`m if lfstkòd, prmpkbka f` ifgatf

 põg`kbm fd f` quf fs ud ifstabaim partkbkpadtf, pufs `a ikrfbbkòd fs fd lrad nfikia, uda

abtuabkòd põg`kba. Fd fstms ifgatfs sf susbktad iká`mlms y fdjrfdtankfdtms quf lkrad

a`rfifimr if `as abbkmdfs fiubatkvas fd `as quf sf pmdf naymr ëdjasks a `a pfrsuaskòd y
a` bmnprmnksm8 pmr fstas razmdfs, ifdtrm if` fdjmquf bmdtfxtua`, sf `f bmdskifra bmnm

`kifrazlm pm`îtkbm.

:
 

VDKZFWRKIAI BAYM@KBA @MR ADLF@FR IF BCKNGMYF

JABV@YAI IF BKFDBKAR BMDYAG@FR, JKDADBKFWAR [ AINKDKRYWAYKZAR
LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@ 
BA_KYV@M KKK

1. BMDB@VRKMDFR

Bmdb`uknms quf ud gufd `îifr sfrá aquf` bapaz if aiaptar su fstk`m if lfstkòd a `as

bkrbudstadbkas if baia sktuabkòd bmdbrfta para a`badzar asî f` náxknm ifsfnpfñm if su

fqukpm.

<
 

VDKZFWRKIAI BAYM@KBA @MR ADLF@FR IF BCKNGMYF

JABV@YAI IF BKFDBKAR BMDYAG@FR, JKDADBKFWAR [ AINKDKRYWAYKZAR
LFWFDBKA FN_WFRAWKA@ 
7. WFJFWFDBKAR GKG@KMLWÁJKBAR

@uda Lmdzá`fz, A. B. (7?16). Fstk`ms if lfstkòd5 Lrupm Fiktmrka` _atrka. Wfbupfraim if

cttps5//f`kgrm.dft/fs/frfaifr/u`aifbc/2;916=palf>9?.