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1  Classificati Environment  Interactive  Interactive  Interactive 

on 
2  Name  Florence Nighttingale  Hildegard Peplau  Ida Jean Orlando  Joyce Travelbee 

    

3  Picture

4  Birthday  May 12, 1820  September 1, August 12, 1926  December 14, 1926 
1909 
5  Died  August 13,1910  March 17, 1999  November 28, 2007  September 1973 

6  Book  Nightingale wrote Interpersonal Ida Jean Orlando: A International Aspects of

Notes on Nursing Relationship in Nursing Process Theory,  Nursing (1966) 
(1859).  Nursing (1952  “Theory of Effective
Nursing Practice” 
7  Health  Nightingale had Health is defined According to Orlando's Health is a subjective as
contracted disease as “a word symbol thesis, health is affected well as a degreed
called “Crimean that implies by a sense of objective concept.
fever”  forward helplessness, which is Subjective health is a
movement of the catalyst for the need defined state of well-
personality and for nursing. Nursing, she being that includes self-
other ongoing explained, provides evaluation of physical,
human processes assistance to people emotional, and spiritual
in the direction of who require it.  well-being. Physical
creative, examination, laboratory
constructive, tests, and appraisal by a
productive non-secular director or
personal and physiological counselor
community living” are used to determine
Peplau also gave objective health, which
importance on the is defined as the absence
belief that for of discernible sickness,
one's health to be disability, or defect. 
achieved and
maintained, his
 needs must be
met.  
 
8  Person  Nightingale did not She defines it as a The term "Human" is : A human being is
clearly distinguish “human used by Orlando to defined as a person. The
eight individuals.  relationship emphasize the nurse and the patient
between an individuality and are both people. 
individual who is dynamic nature of the
sick, or in need of nurse-patient
health services"  connection. According to
her, the people in need
are at the heart of her
nursing practice.  
 
9  Environme Fresh air, pure water, Peplau does not In her approach, Orlando  
nt  efficient drainage, openly address ignored the
cleanliness or society or the surroundings, focusing
sanitation, and light surroundings, but instead on the patient's
or direct sunlight she does advise immediate needs,
were identified as the nurse to think particularly nurse-
five (5) about the patient connection and
environmental patient's culture activities (only an
factors in Florence and mores while individual theory; no
Nightingale's the patient adjusts families or groups were
Environmental to the hospital mentioned). Orlando's
Theory.   routine.  concept never
  considered the impact
that the patient's
surroundings might
have. 
1 Nursing  The Florence Hildegard Peplau Ida the purpose of Jean Travelbee believed
0  Nightingale idea is considers nursing Orlando is to create a "nursing is accomplished
founded on her own to be a theory of effective through human-to-
personal experiences “significant, nursing practice. The human relationships that
while caring for sick therapeutic, nurse's responsibility, begin with the original
and injured troops. interpersonal according to the theory, encounter and then
According to her process.” She is to determine and progress through stages
theory, "A person's defines it as a address the patient's of emerging identities"
relationship with his “human immediate needs for developing feelings of
or her environment, relationship assistance.  empathy, and later
health, and nurse is between an feelings of sympathy. 
extremely strong".  individual who is
sick, or in need of
health services,
and a nurse
specially educated
to recognize and
to respond to the
need for help.”