Cross-Cultural Management Assignment

Name: Bushra Yasser Aqel

BHRM 3rd Year 8th Semester

Open University of Malaysia

1
 Name: Japan

Capital: Tokyo

National language: Japanese

Currency: Japanese yen

INTRODUCTION ON JAPAN
Japan is an East Asian Island country. It is in the northwest Pacific Ocean, with the Sea of Japan
toward the west and the Sea of Okhotsk toward the north, as well as the East China Ocean and
Taiwan toward the south. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa are the five
fundamental islands of Japan, which length an archipelago of 6852 islands incorporating 377,975
square kilometers. Tokyo is the nation's capital and biggest city, with Yokohama, Osaka,
Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto balancing the main ten. Japan is the world's 10th
most crowded nation and one of the world's generally thickly occupied and urbanized. The
Japanese scene is unpleasant, with mountains covering more than four-fifths of the land region.
There are a few dynamic and lethargic volcanoes in Japan, including Mount Fuji, the country's
most elevated top at 12,388 feet. A rich vegetation cover has come about because of bountiful
precipitation and moderately warm temperatures over the greater part of the country, permitting
an assortment of yields to be developed notwithstanding the precarious landscape and by and
large unfortunate soils. Japan has an immense and to a critical degree, ethnically homogenous
populaces which is focused along Honshu's Pacific coast in low-lying areas. Life in Japan is set
apart conversely and intricately since the nation has a profound and memorable social past while
likewise arising as one of the world's most financially and innovatively complex nations

2
beginning around 1950. Schooling is esteemed, and Japan is one of the world's most educated
countries.

Name: Malaysia

Capital: Putrajaya

Largest city: Kuala Lampur

Official language: Malay

Currency: Ringgit

Recognized language: English

INTRODUCTION ON MALAYSIA
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia that is partitioned into two non-adjacent locales:
Peninsular Malaysia (Semenanjung Malaysia), otherwise called West (Malaysia Barat), on the
Malay Peninsula, and East (Malaysia Timur), on the island of Borneo. Kuala, Malaysia's capital,
is situated on the western side of the Peninsula, around 25 miles from the shore; Putrajaya, the
regulatory focus, is around 16 miles south of the city. Malaysia has its underlying foundations in
3
the Malay realms, which were important for the British Empire in the eighteenth century,
alongside the protectorate of the British Straits Settlements. In 1946, Peninsular Malaysia was
joined as the Malayan Union. In 1948, Malaya was changed to the Federation of Malaya, and on
August 31, 1957, it acquired freedom. On September 16, 1963, autonomous Malaya converged
with the then-British crown domains of North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore to become
Malaysia. Singapore was shot out from the league and pronounced a free republic in August
1965. Malaysian, a standard rendition of Malay, is the country's true language. English is as yet
utilized a subsequent language. While the constitution perceives Islam as the country's true
religion, it additionally gives non-Muslims strict opportunities. The general set of laws is
established on custom-based regulation and the public authority is designed according to the
Westminster parliamentary framework. At regular intervals, the chosen ruler is looked over
among the nine state kings to fill in as the nation's head of state. The Prime Minister manages the
public authority. Malaysia's GDP expanded at a yearly pace of 6.5 percent for the north of 50
years after freedom. The economy has generally been powered by normal assets, however,
research, the travel industry, exchange, and clinical the travel industry are altogether developing.
Malaysia has an as of late industrialized market economy, which is the third biggest in Southeast
Asia and the world's 33rd biggest.

Social Variations In Malaysia

 Non-verbal communication:
Never contact somebody on the highest point of their head, particularly a young person.
Contacting an individual of the contradicting orientation is certainly not a smart thought. Openly,
friendship isn't shown. To the east, pass products, and contact individuals, utilize right hand.
Passing things with the left hand isn't suggested. Try not to utilize your foot to control things or
to point at someone else. While leaving, entering, or passing by others, an unassuming bow
implies "excuse me." Surprise, rage, astonishment, embarrassment, or enjoyment may be in
every way communicated through a chuckle or a grin. Grown-ups ought not to be called. For
signaling, single fingers are not used. It's masking to hammer a clenched hand into a measured
hand. Outrage is represented by hands in pockets.

4
  Meeting and Greeting: 

During conferences and social capacities, warmly greet men. While withdrawing shake hands
one more. While hello a lady or a more seasoned individual, gesture or bow marginally.
Individuals with higher positions or who are more seasoned ought to be presented first. Men
ought to be presented before ladies. Western ladies should invite Malay guys cheerfully and a
gesture of the head.

 Gifts:
Gifts simply aren't traded during the underlying experience or by and large, yet one should be
kept available on the off chance that one is given. On the off chance that a present of equivalent
worth is given to the individual, the beneficiary should get back with an endowment of
equivalent worth. A supper greeting may be utilized at the speed of a present. Give marked
things or presents made in the United States. Cash, liquor, blades, scissors, or photos of canines
ought not to be given. It is aware to give or get gives two hands. Never present or get a gift with
your left hand. never open up a present before the individual who gave it to oneself. While
visiting somebody's home, continuously bring a humble gift for the leader. Give organic
products, chocolate, aromas, or carefully assembled things from their country.

 Eating and Entertainment: 

Entertaining is a significant component of maintaining a business. A large portion of the business

amusement happens at cafés. Lunch or dinner is served after the main meetings. Be mindful to
follow up any supper greeting with a feast of comparative worth. Whenever the supper does
exclude business discussions, companions might be welcome to supper. At a work lunch, don't
bring mates. With two hands, drinks are given and acknowledged, before dinner, no beverages
are advertised. Malays only consume, pass, contact, or handle things with their right hand. Never
eat with your left hand. Food is cleaved into reduced down pieces, disposing of the requirement
for a blade. Hold the fork in your left hand and spoon in right. With the fork, push the food onto
the spoon and eat from it. Put the fork and spoon on the plate when done. In a café, permit the
host to arrange every one of the dinners.

5
Social VARIATION IN JAPAN

 Lead in gathering:

Silence is esteemed in Japanese business behavior, and it is used to keep up with harmony, in
any case, tense discussions. Quietness hints at information and restraint and taking a more
held mentality to gatherings could reassure the Japanese partners. In Japan, a high-pressure,
forceful system is probably not going to work, and developing associations is critical.

 Business card behavior in Japan:

In Japan, business card manners are incredibly fundamental. The business card ought to be taken
care of as though it were an augmentation of the individual, and it ought to be treated with
similar regard. Continuously utilize two hands to convey and get a business card. Invest in some
opportunity to peruse a business card that has been introduced. Assuming an individual is in a
gathering, keep it on the table before them until the gathering is done, and afterward, put it in a
business cardholder. By no means should an individual stuff a recently acquired business card
into their pocket or wallet. On one side of the business card, English ought to be composed, and
on the other, Japanese ought to be composed. If that is the situation, the individual should show
their Japanese partner the card with the Japanese side looking up. In Japan, rank is as often as
possible connected with age. Understanding working environment pecking orders is basic and
should treat senior representatives with bit regard, for example, by hello them and giving them
business card first.

 Chopsticks:

One might be welcome to lunch if carrying on with work in Japan. Chopsticks are regularly
utilized, so one might need to perhaps look out for a way to improve on their capacities before
going. There are various feasting customs and ceremonies in Japan, yet in any event, one ought
to never cut their supper with chopsticks and never press the chopsticks into a bowl of rice so

6
they stand out of sight. If utilizing chopsticks seriously endangers one of sending off a tempura
prawn across the room, it's likely best to skip them altogether. One might convey a tactful
decision for their excursion to make eating more advantageous, for example, a small travel set of
western utensils.

 Gifts:
Gifts are much of the time given by organizations to convey altruism, particularly at starting
gatherings. the Japanese gift-giving interaction has its arrangement of confounded regulations,
but it's memorabilia’s essential the accompanying:
 To limit any garishness, gifts ought to be wrapped and taken into a gathering in a subtle
sack.
 Avoid giving presents of four or nine things, as they are viewed as unfortunate numbers.
 Gourmet merchandise, for example, chocolate or costly alcohols or an unassuming item
to memorialize the event, like an outlined photo, are awesome choices for gifts, gifts
ought to be offered and acknowledged with two hands, similar as business cards. If one
gets a present, ought to open up it after the gathering in protection.
 If an individual is going to Japan for business, it is smart to bring an assortment of
minuscule, wrapped products with the goal that one might respond if unexpectedly given
a gift.

HOW THE DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE VARIATIONS MAY INFLUENCE CROSS-

CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE WORKPLACE SETTINGS IN BOTH
COUNTRIES.

 Distinguishing worth or moral distinction among societies: 

Managers should perceive the magnificent qualities of different societies as well as know and
adjust to different societies. In specific societies, a few qualities are satisfactory and might be
polished day to day, while in others they are not. Offering cocktails, for instance, is a western
culture where a large portion of individuals isn't Muslim. Liquor use is restricted in Islam;

7
subsequently, this conduct isn't suitable in Muslim-larger part countries like Saudi Arabia,
Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia. Therefore, directors should know about these incongruities in
values. There are likewise extra fluctuations in values among human advancements.
Accordingly, doing some review on these qualifications and counseling a specialist on the
qualities rehearsed in a specific area or culture is basic. This is to ensure that the administration
makes no blunders that could hurt their standing or risk their possibilities of handling a possibly
worthwhile business offer.

 Changes and necessities and practices of other cultures:

It is important to perceive that getting ready to acknowledge changes and fathoming various
societies is lacking. Supervisors should likewise adjust however much as could be expected to
the social eccentricities and customs of the other country. While entering a Malay individual's
home in Malaysia, for instance, one should eliminate their shoes. Such practices should be
followed since they show that administrators are significant about their work and regard the
neighborhood culture and customs. To adapt to an unfamiliar culture, chiefs might have to make
a few physiological changes, like impacting the way dress, move, eat, etc. The individuals who
are fruitful in adjusting will feel as though they have turned into an individual from the new
culture and will act as per its traditions while remembering their way of life. For instance,
Malaysian finance managers leading business in Japan should conform to their Japanese
associates' practices as well as the other way around. At the point when they return to their home
countries, they will continue their social propensities.

 Being ready by acquiring and further developing relational abilities:  

Managers should set themselves up before taking part in culturally diverse correspondence.
Being arranged is basic since everybody partaking in multifaceted correspondence ought to have
a key comprehension of the country and neighborhood culture to expand their ability to associate
with an unfamiliar partner, whether vocally or nonverbally. While collaborating across societies,
three capacities should be created.

8
  Understanding the Message: This connects with the ability to appreciate the nearby
language's specific situation and deal remarks. The importance of a language in one
country might vary from that of another.
 Flexibility in Behavior: This alludes to one's ability to act accurately in various
circumstances. Since individuals' correspondence styles vacillate starting with one setting
then onto the next in gatherings, while eating, playing sports, and different circumstances,
adaptability is required. An individual who can draw in with others in a decent way can
make a lovely environment in the correspondence interaction and work on the two
players' connections.
 Social abilities: These capacities might be ordered into two classes:
 Sympathy: it's the capacity to grasp and experience the sensations of others.
 Character change: It is the capacity to move, act, act as per the social circumstance. As
far as replicating with different societies, this is valid.

Summary
Malaysia is a Southeast Asian nation isolated into two non-touching areas: Peninsular Malaysia
ordinarily known as West Malaysia, which is situated on the Malay Peninsula, and East
Malaysia, which is situated on the island of Borneo. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia's capital, is around
25 miles from the ocean side on the western side of the Peninsula, while Putrajaya, the regulatory
capital, is around 16 miles south of the city. Japan is an island country in East Asia. It is in the
northwest Pacific Ocean, verged on the west by the Sea of Japan and the north by the Sea of
Okhotsk, as well as the east by the East China Sea and Taiwan. In Malaysia, during conferences
and social capacities, warmly greet men. While withdrawing shake hands one more. While hello
a lady or a more seasoned individual, gesture or bow marginally. Gifts simply aren't traded
during the underlying experience or by and large, however one should be kept available if one is
given. Assuming a present of equivalent worth is given to the individual, the beneficiary should
get back with an endowment of equivalent worth. A supper greeting may be utilized at the speed
of a present. Business card behavior is inconceivably significant in Japan. The business card
ought to be treated with a similar consideration and consideration as though it were an
augmentation of the individual. While conveying or getting a business card, consistently utilize

9
two hands. Additionally, quietness is profoundly valued in Japanese business behavior, and it is
utilized to keep things quiet in any case tough spots. Quietness is related to information and
poise, so taking on a more held attitude in gatherings might reassure your Japanese partners.
Before taking an interest in diverse correspondence, directors should set themselves up. Bring
arranged is fundamental since everybody associated with multifaceted correspondence ought to
have an essential consciousness of the nation and nearby culture to work on their capacity to
speak with an unfamiliar partner, whether verbally or nonverbally. Engaging is a significant
piece of working a business in Malaysia. Eateries are the place where the greater part of the
business diversion happens. After the main meetings, lunch or supper is advertised. Any supper
greeting ought to be circled back to a dinner of tantamount worth. Mates might be welcome to
supper on the off chance that the occasion doesn't contain business conversations.

Reference

https://www.japan.go.jp/

https://www.britannica.com/place/Japan

https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/content/138

https://www.bergerpaints.com/imaginecolours/colour-culture/history-behind-flag-malaysia

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
333640758_Cross_Cultural_Communication_Barriers_in_Workplace

10