Diseases Causative agent Signs and Mode of Incubation Nursing intervention with Preventive measures (3)

symptoms transmission period rationale (2)

(3)
Leprosy Mycobacterium 1. Discolored Leprosy is It ranges from 9 1.Assess pain level 1.The BCG vaccine offers a variable
leprae patches of likely months to 20 Rationale: to determine the condition amount of protection against leprosy in
skin, usually transmitted via years, with an 2.position the patient comfortably addition to tuberculosis 
flat, that may droplets, from average of 4 Rationale: to provide comfort 2.  Immediate and annual examinations are
be numb and the nose and years for recommended for at least five years after
look faded mouth, during tuberculoid last contact with a person who is infectious.
(lighter than close and leprosy and 8 3. Avoid physical contact with infected
the skin frequent years for people
around) contact with lepromatous
2.Growths untreated leprosy.
(nodules) on cases. 
the skin.
3.Thick, stiff
or dry skin

Dengue Aedes aegypti 1.Nausea, Through bites 5–7 days (range, 1.Oral Rehydration Rationale: Oral 1.Reduce mosquito habitat
fever vomiting. of an infected 3–10 days), and rehydration therapy is recommended 2. Use Mosquito Repellents
2.Rash. female aedes the course for patients with moderate 3. Wear Protective Clothing
3.Aches and aegypti follows 3 dehydration caused by high fever and
pains (eye mosquito phases: febrile, vomiting
pain, critical, and 2. Sodium bicarbonate Rationale: to
typically convalescent. treat acidosis.
behind the Fever typically
eyes, muscle, lasts 2–7 days
joint, or bone and can be
pain) biphasic.

Malaria Plasmodium 1.fever  transmitted by 7 to 30 1.monitor body temp. apply warm 1. Put screens on windows and doors.
anopheles 2. headache the bite of an days. water compress as indicated 2. Wear long pants and long sleeves to
3.muscle infective Rationale: to improve bodyt cover your skin.
aches female temperature
3. Treat clothing, mosquito nets, tents,
Anopheles 2. encourage increase in oral fluid
sleeping bags and other fabrics with an
mosquito intake; administer parenteral fluids as
insect repellent called permethrin.
 ordered.
Rationale: to improve fluid volume
Diphtheria Corynebacterium 1.a thick through close 2 to 5 days, with 1.Provide antibiotics as prescribe 1. Vaccines.
diphtheriae grey-white contact with a range of 1 to Rationale: Antimicrobial therapy is 2.stay away from infected person
coating that the discharge 10 days. indicated to halt toxin production, 3.Diphtheria toxin booster dose for
may cover from an treat localized infection, and prevent immunized household
the back of infected transmission of the organism to
your throat, person's eyes, patient contacts.
nose and nose, throat or 2. Maintain room temperature; advise
tongue. skin. the client to wear thin clothes that
2.a high absorb sweat easily; encourage to
temperature increase oral fluid intake, and
(fever) administer antipyretics as ordered.
Rationale: to improve
3.sore throat.
thermoregulation

Pertussis Bordetella 1.Paroxysms through 7 through 10 1.Educate the patient about 1.Complete immunization
pertussis (fits) of droplets days, with a optimal positioning (sitting position), 2.Keep a record of your child’s
many, rapid produced range of 4 use of pillow or hand splints when immunization to make sure your child is
coughs during through 21 days coughing, use of abdominal muscles up-to-date
followed by coughing or for more forceful cough, use of quad 3.Stay away from anyone with cold
a high- sneezing. and huff techniques, use of incentive symptoms or a cough
pitched These droplets spirometry, and importance of
“whoop” don't travel ambulation and frequent position
sound. very far changes – to promote effective
2.Vomiting through the air coughing
(throwing and usually 2. Give medications as prescribed,
up) during or only infect such as antibiotics, mucolytic agents,
after persons bronchodilators, expectorants, noting
coughing nearby. effectiveness and side effects – for
fits. treatment
3.Exhaustion 3.Educate about coughing and
(very tired) breathing - maintained clear, open
after airways as evidenced by normal
coughing breath sounds, normal rate and depth
fits. of respiration
Tetanus Clostridium tetani 1.Jerking or Tetanus is between 3 and 1.Observation of vital signs every 2 1.Immunizat
staring spread by 21 days (average hours - dyspnea, cyanosis is a sign of ion
(seizures) the direct 10 days) breathing disorder which is 2.Cleaning the wound as thoroughly as
2.Headache. transfer of accompanied by decreased cardiac possible
3.Fever and C. tetani work 3. Wash hands often with soap and water or
sweating. spores from 2. Suction airway as needed – to use an alcohol-based hand rub if washing is
soil and clear airways not possible.
excreta of 3.Give medications as indicated – for
animals and treatment
humans to
wounds and
cuts.
Covid-19 novel coronavirus 1.fever When an  5.6 days after 1.Apply warm compress or hot tepid 1.Wear a mask
(SARS-CoV-2) 2.cough infected contact bath sponge as indicated – to reduce 2.Clean your hands
3.tiredness person fever 3.Keep a safe distance
coughs, 2. Monitor vital signs – particularly
sneezes, or temperature
talks, droplets and respiratory rate, as fever
or tiny and dyspnea are common symptoms
particles of COVID-19.
called aerosols 3. Enforce strict hand hygiene – to
carry the virus reduce or prevent transmission of
into the air coronavirus, patients
from their should wash hands after
nose or mouth. coughing, as should
Anyone who all who enter or leave the room.
is within 6 feet
of that person
can breathe it
into their
lungs.
Measles Morbillivirus 1.high fever The virus is 11-12 days 1. Hygienic practices -Assess the 1.Vaccine
2.cough transmitted family’s hygienic practices to prevent 2.Hand washing regularly
3.runny nose by direct the spread of the disease. 3.Isolation
contact with 2. Isolation - to decrease transmission
infectious within the community
 droplets or by 3. Temperature control - Antipyretics
airborne should be administered to the patient
spread when as ordered for a temperature greater
an infected than 100.4 Fahrenheit unless directed
person elsewise by a healthcare provider;
breathes,
coughs, or
sneezes.
Herpes Varicella zoster 1.painful The virus is 10 to 21 days 1. encourage client to wear loose, 1.Vaccine
zoster virus rash that spread through nonrestrictive clothing made of 2.Stay away from infected person
develops on direct contact cotton - Constrictive, nonbreathing 3.Wash hands regularly
one side of with the rash garments may rub lesions and
the face or or through aggravate skin irritation. Cotton
body breathing in clothing allows evaporation of
2. Sensitivity virus particles moisture.
to touch that get mixed 2. Assess for nonverbal signs of pain
3. A red rash in the air or discomfort - Some individuals
that begins a may deny the experience of pain
few days when it is present. Attention to
after the pain associated signs may help
the nurse evaluate the pain.

Chicken pox varicella-zoster 1.rash that  transmitted  14 to 16 days 1.Patient education. Educate parents 1.Vaccine
virus turns into from person to after exposure to about the importance and safety of 2.Isolation
itchy, fluid- person by a varicella or a the Varicella Zoster vaccine. 3.Hand washing regularly
filled blisters directly herpes zoster 2.Manage pruritus. Manage pruritus
that touching the rash, with a in patients with varicella with cool
eventually blisters, saliva range of 10 to 21 compresses and regular bathing;
turn into or mucus of an days warm soaks and oatmeal or
scabs infected cornstarch baths may reduce itching
2fever person. The and provide comfort.
3.headache virus can also
be transmitted
through the air
by coughing
and sneezing.
AIDS human 1.ever.  Through an Between 1 and 6 1. The patient and the caregivers 1.Abstinence
immunodeficiency 2.Headache. unprotected weeks (median 3 should monitor for signs of infection 2.Never sharing needles
virus sexual act weeks) and laboratory test results that 3.Using condoms the right way
3.Weright
indicate infection – to prevent
loss.
infection
2. Assist the patient in planning daily
routines that maintain a balance
between activity and rest – to
improveactivity intolerance
Poliomyelitis Poliovirus 1.Progressive Fecal-oral 3-6 days 1.Assess respiratory rate, rhythm, 1.Vaccine
muscle or transmission depth, effort, and breath sounds; and 2. avoiding food or beverages that may
joint elevate the head of the bed to have been contaminated by a person with
weakness promote the optimum level of poliovirus
and pain. activity - for best possible lung 3. checking with a medical professional that
2.Fatigue. expansion. your vaccinations are current.
2. Administer analgesics as
3.Muscle
prescribed, and educate the patient on
wasting
diversional activities to reduce the
(atrophy)
pain.

Mumps Mumps virus Fever.  Person-to- 16 to18 days. 1. Topical application of warm or 1.Vaccine
Headache. person cold packs to the swollen parotid area
1. 2. Washing hands with water and soap
through may be used to soothe the painful frequently.
Muscle
respiratory area.  1. 3. Covering the nose and mouth with a
aches.
droplets, as 2. If the glands are swollen and tissue when sneezing or coughing.
well as causing discomfort, ice or heat packs
through direct can help ease the pain
contact with
saliva of an
infected
person.
Leptospirosi
s