DECLARATION OF

THE PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
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 HELLO!
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 HELLO!
I am Jayden Smith
I am here because I love to give presentations.
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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ In the town of Cavite-Viejo in the 12th day of June

1898, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista proclaimed
and solemnized the Declaration of Independence
by the Dictatorial Government of the Philippines,
pursuant to, and by virtue of, a Decree issued by
the Egregious Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo y
Famy

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ Taking into consideration, that their inhabitants being already weary of bearing the ominous
yoke of Spanish domination.

➢ On account of the arbitrary arrests and harsh treatment practiced by the Civil Guard to the
extent of causing death with the connivance and even with the express orders of their
commanders, who sometimes went to the extreme of ordering the shooting of prisoners under
the pretext that they were attempting to escape, in violation of the provisions of the
Regulations of their Corps, which abuses were unpunished and on account of the unjust
deportations, especially those decreed by General Blanco, of eminent personages and of high
social position, at the instigation of the Archbishop and friars interested in keeping them out
of the way for their own selfish and avaricious purpose, deportations which are quickly
brought about by a method of procedure more execrable than that of the Inquisition and
which every civilized nation rejects on account of a decision being rendered without a
hearing of the persons accused.

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ The people determined to start an insurrectionary movement in August, eighteen hundred and
ninety-six, for the purpose of recovering the independence and sovereignty of which Spain
deprived them through the Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, who continuing the course
followed by his predecessor Fernando de Magallanes, who arrived upon the shores of Cebu, and
occupied that Island by virtue of the treaty of friendship which he celebrated with its King Tupas,
although he was killed in the battle which took place on said shores, to which he was provoked by
King Kalipulako de Maktan, who was suspicious of his bad intentions; he landed on the Island
of Bohol, entering also into the celebrated blood compact of friendship with its King Sikatuna,
for the purpose, after taking Cebu by force of arms, because the successor of Tupas did not
permit him to occupy it.

➢ Of coming to Manila, the capital, as he did, likewise winning the friendship of its Kings Soliman
and Lakandula and afterwards taking possession of it and thus of the entire Archipelago for
Spain, by virtue of an order of King Philip II;

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ There can be no doubt as to the legality of such a movement as the one that was quieted but
not entirely quenched by the pacification proposed by Pedro A. Paterno with Don Emilio
Aguinaldo as President of the Republican government established in Biac-na-bato, and
accepted by the Governor-General, Don Fernando Primo de Rivera, under conditions
which were established, some in writing and others verbally, among them a general amnesty
for all deported and sentenced; that by reason of nonfulfillment of some of these conditions
after the destruction of the Spanish squadron by the North American one and the
bombardment of Cavite, Don Emilio Aguinaldo returned to start a new revolution, and hardly
had he given the word to commence, on the thirty-first of last month, when several towns
anticipated the movement, and on the twenty-eighth between Imus and Cavite Viejo here was
engaged and captured force of one hundred and seventy-eight, commanded by a major of
marine infantry.

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ This movement spread like an electric spark through the other towns not only of this province, but
also in Bataan, Pampanga, Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna and Morong, some of them with seaports.
So complete is the triumph of our arms, truly marvelous and unparalleled in the history of Colonial
revolutions,

➢ that in the first province mentioned there remain to be surrendered only the detachments at Naic and
Indang; in the second there are none at all, in the third, resistance by the Spanish forces is localized
in the town of San Fernando, where the greater part are concentrated the remainder being in
Macabebe, Sesmoan and Guagua; in the fourth only in the city of Lipa; in the fifth, in the capital
and Calumpit; and in the remaining two, only in their respective capitals. The city of Manila will
soon be completely besieged by our forces, and also the posts in the province of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac,
Pangasinan, La Union, Zambales and several others in the Visayan islands, where insurrection has
broken out in several of their towns, having started in some almost at the moment of completing that
pacification, and in others even before that, wherefore the independence of our territory and the
recovery of our sovereignty are assured.

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ And summoning as a witness of the rectitude of our intentions, the Supreme Judge of the
Universe, and under the protection of the Mighty and Humane North American Nation, we
proclaim and solemnly declare, in the name and by the authority of the inhabitants of all
these Philippine Islands,

➢ That they are and have the right to be free and independent; that they are released from all
obedience to the crown of Spain; that every political tie between the two is and must be
completely severed and annulled; and that, like all free and independent states, they have
complete authority to make war, conclude peace, establish treaties of commerce, enter into
alliances, regulate commerce, and execute all other acts and things that Independent States
have the right to do.

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ Reposing firm confidence in the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge for the
support of this declaration, our lives, our fortunes, and our most sacred possession, which is
our honor.

➢ We acknowledge, approve and confirm together with the orders that have been issued
therefrom, the Dictatorship established by Don Emilio Aguinaldo, whom we honor as the
Supreme Chief of this Nation, which this day commences to have a life of its own, in the
belief that he is the instrument selected by God, in spite of his humble origin, to effect the
redemption of this unfortunate people, as foretold by Doctor Jose Rizal in the magnificent
verses which he composed when he was preparing to be shot, liberating them from the yoke
of Spanish domination in punishment of the impunity with which their Government allowed
the commission of abuses by its subordinates

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ And for the unjust executions of said Rizal and others who were sacrificed to please the
greedy body of friars in their insatiable desire to seek revenge upon and exterminate all those
who are opposed to their Machiavellian purposes,

➢ for the sake of those persons who, though merely suspected, were convicted by the
Commanders of detachments at the instigation of the friars without form or semblance of a
trial and without the spiritual consolation afforded by our sacred religion;

➢ for the hanging for the same motives of the eminent native Filipino priests Doctor Jose
Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora, whose innocent blood was shed through the
intrigues of those so called religious orders which pretended that a military insurrection had
broken out on the night of January 21st, 1872, in the Fort of San Felipe in the town of Cavite,
accusing said martyrs of starting it,

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ That was what caused the tree of Liberty to bud in this land of ours, the iniquitous measures
employed to suppress it only causing it to grow more and more, until, the last drop having
been drained from the cup of our afflictions, the former insurrection broke out at Caloocan,
extended to Santa Mesa, and continued its course to the adjoining places in this province,
where the unequalled heroism of its inhabitants met with failure in the battles with General
Blanco, and continued the struggle against the great hosts of General Polavieja for the period
of three months, without any of the war material that we now possess, but commencing with
arms peculiar to the country, such as the bolo, sharpened bamboo, and arrow.

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ And finally, it was unanimously resolved that this Nation, independent from this day, must use
the same flag used heretofore, whose design and colors and described in the accompanying
drawing, with design representing in natural colors the three arms referred to. The white
triangle represents the distinctive emblem of the famous Katipunan Society, which by
means of its compact of blood urged on the masses of the people to insurrection; the three
stars represent the three principal Islands of this Archipelago, Luzon, Mindanao and
Panay, in which this insurrectionary movement broke out; the sun represents the gigantic
strides that have been made by the sons of this land on the road of progress and
civilization, its eight rays symbolizing the eight provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna and Batangas, which were declared in a state of
war almost as soon as the first insurrectionary movement was initiated; and the colors blue,
red and white, commemorate those of the flag of the United States of North America, in
manifestation of our profound gratitude towards that Great Nation for the disinterested
protection she is extending to us and will continue to extend to us.

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Reconstruction of the flag (obverse) under the custody of Emilio Aguinaldo's heirs at the
Aguinaldo Museum. Regarded by some as the first flag of the Philippines

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AND HOLDING UP THIS FLAG OF OURS, I PRESENT IT TO THE GENTLEMEN
HERE ASSEMBLED:

➢ Segundo Arellano, D. Tiburcio del Rosario, D. Sergio Matias, D. Agapito Zialcita, D. Flaviano
Alonzo, D. Mariano Legaspi, D. Jose Auriano Santiago y Acosta, D. Aurelio Tolentino, D. Felix
Ferrer, D. Felipe Buencamino, D. Fernando Canon Faustino, Jr., D. Anastacio Pinzon, D.
Timoteo Bernabe, D. Flaviano Rodriguez, D. Gavino Masancay, D. Narciso Nayuga, D.
Gregorio Villa, D. Luis Perez de Tagle, D. Canuto Celestino, D. Marcos Lacson, D. Martin de
los Reyes, D. Ciriaco Bausa, D. Manuel Santos, D. Mariano Toribio, D. Gabriel Reyes, D. Hugo
Sim, D. Emiliano Sim, D. Fausto Tirona, D. Rosendo Simon, D. Leon Tanjanque, D. Gregorio
Bonifacio, D. Manuel Salfranca, D. Simon Villareal, D. Calisto Lara, D. Buenaventura Toribia,
D. Zacarias Fajardo, D. Florencio Manalo, D. Roman Gana, D. Marcelino Gomez, D. Valentin
Polintan, D. Felix Polintan, D. Evaristo Dimalanta, D. Gregorio Alvares, D. Sabas de Guzman,
D. Estevan Francisco, D. Guido Yap-Finchay, D. Mariano Rianzares Bautista, D. Francisco
Arambula, D. Antonio Gonzales, D. Juan Arevalo,

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AND HOLDING UP THIS FLAG OF OURS, I PRESENT IT TO THE GENTLEMEN
HERE ASSEMBLED:

➢ D. Roman Delfino, D. Honorio Tionges, D. Francisco del Rosario, D. Epifanio Saguil, Don
Ladislao Afable Jose, D. Sixto Roldan, D. Luis de Lara, D. Marcelo Basa, D. Jose Medina, D.
Epifanio Cuisia, D. Pastor Lopez de Leon, D. Mariano de los Santos, D. Santiago Garcia, D.
Claudio Tria Tirona, D. Andres Tria Tirona, D. Carlos Tria Tirona, D. Estanislao Tria Tirona, D.
Daniel Tria Tirona, D. Sulpicio P. Antonio, D. Epitacio Asuncion, D. Catalino Ramon, D. Juan
Bordadom, D. Jose del Rosario, D. Proceso Pulido, D. Jose Maria del Rosario, D. Ramon
Magcauan, D. Antonio Calingo, D. Mendiola, D. Estanislao Calingo, D. Numeriano Castillo, D.
Federico Tomacruz, D. Teodoro Pateo, D. Ladislao Diwa, and also the only foreigner, the
North American subject, Mr. L. M. Johnson, Colonel of Artillery, who was present at the
ceremony, to which act I certify. (Signed) AMBROSIO RIANZARES. (Also signed by) Mariano
Trias, Artemio Ricarte y Vibora, Salvador Estrella, Baldomero Aguinaldo, Mariano Noriel,
Pantaleon Garcia Estanislao Viniegra, Esteban San Juan, Felipe Topacio, Rufino Nata, the
Captain of Artillery: Francisco Constante, Juan Cailles, Daniel Tirona, Hugo C. Area.

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

➢ And all swore solemnly to recognize it and defend it to the last drop of our blood.

➢ In witness thereof, I certify that this Act of Declaration of Independence was signed by
me and by all those here assembled including the only stranger who attended those
proceedings, a citizen of the U.S.A., Mr. L. M. Johnson, a Coronel of Artillery.

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 DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

ANALYSIS
Every year, the country commemorates the anniversary of the Philippine Independence
proclaimed on June 12, 1898 , in the province of Cavite.

The event signaled the end of the 333 years of Spanish Colonization.
The declaration was a short 2,000 word document, which summarized:
1. The reason behind the revolution against Spain;
2. The war for independence; and
3. The future of the new republic under Emilio Aguinaldo

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20
The proclamation commenced with a characterization of the conditions in the
Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
The document specifically mentioned abuses and inequalities in the colony.
*Abuse by the Civil Guards
*Unlawful shooting of prisoners whom they alleged as attempting to escape.

The passage condemns the unequal protection of the law between the Filipino
people and the “eminent personages”.
It also mentioned the avarice and greed of the clergy like the friars and the
Archbishop himself.
The passage also condemns what they saw as the unjust deportation and
rendering of other decision without proper hearing, expected of any civilized
nation.

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A re-examination of the document on the declaration of independence can reveal some often overlooked historical
truths about this important events in the Philippine History.
The document reflects the general revolutionary sentiment of that period.
Friar abuse, racial discrimination, and inequality
No mention was made about the more serious problem that affected the masses
The land and agrarian crisis felt by the numerous Filipino peasants in the 19th century
It is ironic because historian Teodoro Agoncillo stated that the Philippine Revolution was an agrarian revolution.
The common revolutionary soldiers fought in the revolution for the hope of owning the lands that they were tilling
once the friar estates in different provinces like Batangas and Laguna dissolve, if and when the revolution succeeded.
Such aspects and realities of the revolutionary struggle were either unfamiliar to the middle class revolutionary
leaders like Emilio Aguinaldo, Ambrosio Rianzares-Bautista, and Felipe Buencamino, or were intentionally left out
because they were landholders themselves.
The Treaty of Paris – was an agreement signed between Spain and the United States of America regarding the
ownership of the Philippines Islands and the other Spanish Colonies in South America.
The proclamation also gives us the impression on how the victorious revolutionary government of Aguinaldo
historicized the struggle for independence.

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Jose Rizal’s legacy or martyrdom was also mentioned in the document. However, the Katipunan
as the pioneer of the revolutionary movement was only mentioned once toward the end of the
document. There was no mention of the Katipunan’s foundation. Bonifacio and co-founders
were also left out.
It can be argued that the way of historical narration found in the document also reflects the
politics of the victors.
The enmity between Aguinaldo’s Magdalo and Bonifacio’s Magdiwang in the Katipunan is no
secret in the pages of our history.
Even official records and documents like the proclamation of independence, while truthful
most of the time, still exude the politics and biases of whoever is in power.

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