Building Laws Research

THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
INTRODUCTION
The National Building Code of the Philippines or NBCP, also known as
Republic Act No. 6541, is a set of rules and regulations pertaining to the construction
of all real estate projects and buildings here in the Philippines. 1 This code is declared
to be the policy of the State to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare,
consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and control and
to provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of minimum standards and
requirements to regulate and control their location, site, design quality of materials,
construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance.
The Code was revised by Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos on February 1977 in the
Presidential Degree No. 1096 or P.D. 1096, also known as “Adopting A National
Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) Thereby Revising Republic Act Numbered
Sixty-Five Hundred Forty-One (R.A. NO. 6541).”
SCOPE
The provisions of this Code shall apply to the design, location, sitting,
construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving,
demolition of, and addition to public and private buildings and structures, except
traditional indigenous family dwellings. However, buildings or structures constructed
before the approval of this code shall not be affected thereby except when
alterations, additions, conversion or repairs are to be made. The Code shall only
apply to portions to be altered, added, converted or repaired.
CHAPTERS
The chapters here on this paper are directly connected for designing high-rise
structures. Such chapters include dimensions and/or requirements.
CHAPTER 1 - SITE REQUIREMENT

The site where the building of structure will be constructed, must be sanitized,
hygienic, and safe, with the safe distance from the factors such as rivers or any
bodies of water especially if considered polluted, from volcano or volcanic site or any
other building considered to be potential source of fire or explosion, as determined
by competent authorities.
1
https://www.dotproperty.com.ph/blog/quick-guide-from-the-national-building-code-of-the-philippines
CHAPTER 4 - TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
The buildings are classified or identified according to types:
TYPE II: Wood construction

with protective fire-resistant TYPE III: Masonry and wood
TYPE I: Shall be wood materials and 1-hour fire- construction. Building shall be 1-
construction. Structural elements hour fire-resistive throughout.
may be any of the materials resistive throughout. Non- Exterior walls shall be
permitted by this code. bearing partitions may use incombustible fire-resistive
fire-retardant wood within construction.
framing assembly.
TYPE IV: Stell, iron, concrete, or TYPE V: Buildings shall be fire-

masonry construction. Walls, resistive. Structural elements
ceilings, and permanent shall be steel, iron, concrete, or
partitions shall be incombustible masonry construction. Walls,
fire-resistive construction. May ceilings, and permanent
Figure
use 01: Types oftreated
fire-retardent Construction
wood(Source:partitionsshall
NBCP, Anti-Cram be Squad, 2019)
incombustible
as of TYPE II. fire-resistive construction.
CHAPTER 5 - REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ZONES

Fire zones are areas which only certain buildings are permitted to be
constructed base on use, occupancy, type of construction and resistance to fire. The
center line of an adjoining street or alley may be considered an adjacent property
line.
CHAPTER 7 - CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF

ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OF OCCUPANCY
The buildings proposed for construction are identified according to their use or
character of its occupancy.
Group A: Residential
Occupancy shall be dwellings
Dwellings
Multiple dwelling units inlcuding boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment
Group B: Residentials, Hotels
buildings, rowhouses, convents, monasteries and other similar buildings which
and Apartments
accomodates more than 10 persons
Group C: Education and Used for school or day-care purposes, assemblage for instruction, education or
Recreation recreation
Division 1: Mental Hospitals, mental sanitaria, jails, prisons, reformatories and buildings
where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained
Division 2: Nurserie for full-time care of children under kindergarten age, hospitals,
Group D: Institutional sanitaria, nursing homes with non-ambulatory patients and similar buildings each
accommodating more than 5 persopns
Division 3: Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for children of kindergarten
age or over, each accommodating more than 5 persons
Figure 02: Classification of Occupancy (Source: NBCP, Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
Division 1: Gasoline filling and service station, storage garages and boot storage
structures where no work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring
no open flame, welding, or the use of highly flammable liquids
CHAPTER Division82:-Wholesale
LIGHT andAND VENTILATION
retail stores, office buildings, drinking and dining
For E: artificial
Group Business and ventilated rooms. having
establishments ceiling heights
occupant not100less
load less than than
persons, 2.40
printing plants,meters
police and
Mercantile fire stations, factories and workshops using not highly flammable or combustible
(measured from floor to materialsceiling). For buildings more than 1-storey, 2.70 meters
and paint stores without builk handlings
minimum ceiling height ofDivision first 3:
storey
Aircraft and 2.40
hangers, open meters for with
parking garage second
no repairand
work succeeding
done except
storeys and 2.10-meter clearanceexchange ofof unobstructed
parts and maintenancetypical
requiring head-room. For rooms
no open flame, welding with
or use of highly
flammable liquids
natural ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.70 meters.
Ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, cremeries, factories and
Minimum
Group F: Industrial sizes and their
workshops least horizontal
using incombustible dimension
and non-explosive materials, and storage and sale
rooms for incombustible and non-explosive materials
Room of Human Habitations Division 1: Storage and handling of hazardous and highly flammable material
Division 2: Storage and handling of flammable materials, dry cleaning plants using
flammable liquids, paint stores with bulk handling, paint shops and spray painting
rooms
6 sqm with atleast 2m dimension
Group G: Storage and
Hazardous
Division 3: Wood working establishments, planning mills and box factories, shops,
factories where loose combustible fibers or dust are manufactured, processed or
generated: warehouses where highly combustible material is store
Division 4: Repair garages
Kitchens Division 5: Aircraft repair hangers
Division 1: Assembly building with stage having occupant load of 1000

3sqm with atleast 1.50m dimension
Group H: Assembly oter than
Division 2: Assembly building without stage having occupant load of 300 or more
Dvision 3: Assembly building without stage having occupant 300 or less
Group 1
Division 4: Stadia, reviewing stands, amusement park structrures not included with
Group 1 or in Division 1,2 and 3 of this group
Bath and Toilet
Group I: Assembly Occupant
Load of 1000 or more
Assembly building with stage and occupant load of 1000 and more
1.20 sqm with atleast 0.90m dimension

Division 1: Private garage, carports, sheds and agriculture buildins
Group J: Accessory
Division 2: Fences over 1.80 meters high, tanks, and towers
Figure 03: Size and Dimension of Rooms (Source: NBCP, Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
Minimum air space requirements in determining size of rooms
Workshops, Factories, and Offices

12 cu.m of space per person
Habitable Rooms
14 cu. m of space per person
Figure 04: Minimum Space of rooms per person (Source: NBCP, Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
CHAPTER 10 - BUILDING PROJECTION OVER PUBLIC STREETS
Footing located at least 2.40 meters below grade along national roads or
public highway may project not more than 300mm beyond property line. Foundations
are also permitted to encroach into public sidewalk areas to width not exceeding
500mm.
Projection of Canopies/Marquees between outermost edge of marquee and
carb line shall be not less than 300mm. Vertical clearance between pavement or
ground line under surface of any part of marquee shall be not less than 3 meters.
Construction shall be of incombustible material or materials of not less than 2-hour
fire-resistive and location shall not interfere with operation of exterior standpipe
connection or obstruct passage of stairway exits from building or installation or
maintenance of electroliers.
CHAPTER 12 - DEISGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

Mezzanine floor used other
than storage purposes, if
Occupant load more than greater in 185 sqm or more
1 exit every building 10, at least 2 exits than 18m in any dimension,
atleast 2 stairways to
adjacent floor
Every storey, having Every storey, having Width: Total

occupant load of 500 to occupant load of 1000 or
999 shall have at least 3 more shall have at least 4 Occupant
exits exits Load/165
Shall be placed a distance apart

not less than 1/5 of the perimeter Distance of Exits: Fartest
of the area(2 exit requirement). 3 distance: 45 meters of
or more exits shall be arranged in travel distance without
reasonable distance apart so that sprinkler system, 60 meters
if one becomes blocked, te others
will be available
with sprinkler system
Figure 05: Number of Exits (Source: NBCP, Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
Doors for occupant load more than 10 or serving hazardous rooms or areas
Swing: Direction of exit travel (serving Type of Lock and Latch: Openable
50 or more occupant load or from inside without use of key or any
hazardous areas). Double acting special knowledge or effort. Does not
doors are not allowed on occupant apply on Group E or F occupancy if
load more than 100 nor shall be used there is conspicuous readily visible
as part of fire assembly nor equipped and durable sign on or adjacent to
with public hardware. Capable of 90- door, stating that door is to remain
degree direction unlocked during business hours
Width and Height: Not less than

900mm width and not less than 2
meters height. No special doors such
as revolving, sliding, and overhead
doors are to be used as required exits
Figure 06: Door Requirements (Source: NBCP, Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
Stairs (except used only to access, equipment) every stairway serving any building
or portion
Width: Serving occupant load more

than 50, not less than 1.10 meters. Rise and Run: Rise shall not
Circular Stairways may be
Serving occupant load of 50 or less, exceed 200mm. Run shall
900mm wide. Private stairways serving used as exit with: run not
not less than 250mm.
occupant load of 10 or less, 750mm less than 250mm and with
wide. Trims and handrails shall not Maximum variations in any
reduce required width by more than 5mm variations
100mm.
flight shall be 5mm
Landing: Shall have dimension

Headroom: Not less then 2
measured in direction of travel Handrails: Shall have on each
meters, measuring vertically
equal to the width of stairway. side and shall be placed not
from a plane parallel and
Not to exceed 1.20 meters if less than 800mm nor more
tangent to the stairway tead
stairs has a straight run. 3.60 than 900mm above the nosing
nosing to the soffit above all
meters minimum vertical of treads and ends
points
clearance between landings
Figure 07: Stair Requirements (Source NBCP, Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
IRR (THE 2004 REVISED IMPLEMENTING RULES AND

REGULATIONS)
RULE VII – CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL

BUILDINGS BY USE OR OCCUPANCY
No building shall be constructed unless adjoins or has direct access to a public
space, yard or street on at least one of its sides.
ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREA
Figure 08: Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) based on allowed Percentage Of Site Occupancy (PSO) of
Total Lot Area (TLA) (Source: PD 1096)
Figure 09: Allowable Maximum Total Gross Area (TGFA) by Type/Location of Lot (Source: PD 1096)
MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS
Figure 10: Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy (Source: PD 1096)
PARKING SLOT, PARKING AREA AND LOADING/UNLOADING SPACE

REQUIREMENTS
Figure 11: Minimum Required Off-Street (Off-RROW) cum On-Site Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space
Requirements by Allowed Use or Occupancy (Source: PD 1096)
RULE VII – LIGHT AND VENTILATION
MAXIMUM SITE OCCUPANCY
Figure 12: Reference Table of Maximum Allowable PSO, Maximum Allowable ISA, the MACA, the Minimum USA and the
TOSL by type of Land Use Zoning per Lot (Source: PD 1096)
Figure 13: Setbacks for Commercial, Industrial, Institutional and Recreational Buildings (Source: PD 1096)
Figure 14: Rear or Side Incremental Setback and OFB of C-3 Buildings/Structures (Source: PD 1096)
ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
Figure 15:Minimum Requirements for Ai Changes (Source: PD 1096)
EXCEPTION:
1. Variances, exception or deviations from the provision of light and ventilation may
be allowed only
when the following term and conditions are fully complied with:
a. In case of variances
When the property is unique and different from other properties and because of its
uniqueness
such the owner cannot comply with the open space requirements, variances shall be
applied to
relax the application of the following provisions:
i. setback;
ii. ventilation and window opening requirements;
iii. percentage of site occupancy;
iv. floor area ratio; and
v. building height limit (BHL).
At least two (2) conditions must be satisfied for exception to be granted.
b. In case of exceptions
i. The exception must not adversely affect public health, safety and welfare and must
be in
keeping with the general pattern of development in the community.
ii. The exception must not alter the essential character of the district where the
exception
sought is located, and will be in harmony with the general purpose of this IRR.
EASEMENTS
Figure 16: Easement Along Water Bodies/Way by Location (Source: PD 1096)
MINIMUM ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
Figure 17: Minimum Road-Right-of-Way (RROW) Provisions for Developments with Multiple Dwelling Units (Source: PD 1096)
SIDEWALKS
Figure 18: Range of Required Sidewalk and Planting Strip Widths by RROW Width (Source: PD 1096)
Figure 19: Minimum Planting Strip Widths by RROW Width (Source: PD 1096)
TOTAL OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS ON LOTS BY USE/OCCUPANCY

Figure 20: Minimum TOSL Requirements by Lot Type/Location (Source: PD 1096)
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS
(IRR) OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE FIRE CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES OF 2008
INTRODUCTION
This IRR shall be interpreted in the light of the Declaration of Policy found in
Section 2 of the Code: “It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote
economic development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds, of
destructive fires, and promote the professionalization of the fire service as a
profession. Towards this end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations
to ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety measures, and promote
accountability in the fire protection and prevention service.”
SCOPE
This IRR shall cover the following:
A. All persons;
B. All private or public buildings, facilities or structures and their premises erected or
constructed before and after the effectivity hereof;
C. Design and installation of mechanical, electronics and electrical systems relative
to fire protection;
D. Manufacturing, storage, handling and/or use, and transportation of explosives
and/or combustible, flammable liquids and gases, toxic and other hazardous
materials and operations, and their wastes;
E. Fire safety planning, design, construction, repair, maintenance, rehabilitation and
demolition;
F. Fire protective and warning equipment or systems;
G. All land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships or vessels docked at piers
or wharves or anchored in seaports; and
H. Petroleum industry installations.
OVERVIEW
This IRR is composed of 14 rules which are as follows:
RULE 1. INTERPRETATION
RULE 2. COVERAGE
RULE 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Under this rule, all terms used throughout the whole IRR were defined.
RULE 4. AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF BUREAU OF FIRE
PROTECTION
This deals with the Administration and Enforcement of the Fire Code and this
IRR that shall be under the direct supervision and control of the Chief, BFP, through
the hierarchy of organization as provided for in Chapter VI of Republic Act No. 6975,
the DILG Reorganization Act of 1990 as amended by Republic Act No. 9263, the
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP) Professionalization Act of 2004.
RULE 5. BFP REORGANIZATION AND PROFESSIONALIZATION

This ensures the proper implementation of the Fire Code and this IRR,
wherein the Chief, BFP shall, as may be necessary, recommend the reorganization
of the BFP.
RULE 6. FIRE BRIGADES, FIRE VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS

This Rule shall govern the organization, equipage, operation, and proficiency
training of company and community fire brigades as well as continuous training and
competency evaluation of fire volunteers and fire volunteer organizations in the
country who shall undergo mandatory fire suppression, inspection, rescue,
emergency medical services and other related emergency response training
programs and competency evaluations to be conducted by the BFP. This also
prescribes the continuous professional education, competency evaluation and
recognition of Fire Safety Practitioners, to be conducted by the BFP. For this
purpose, the term “company” shall include government and/or private offices and
buildings.
RULE 7. ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT TO THE BFP

Under this rule the Philippine National Police (PNP) shall render necessary
assistance to the Chief, BFP or his duly authorized representative on the following
actions:
A. During actual firefighting operations and fire scene investigations;
B. Business closure and summary abatement proceedings;
C. Installation of signs that the building/structure is a fire hazard and/or firetrap;
D. Obstruction of designated fire lanes and fire hydrants;
E. Apprehension of violators/persons removing, destroying, tampering or obliterating
warning signs and similar abatement appurtenances; and
F. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which would essentially require police
assistance.
RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

Stated herein, the BFP personnel duly designated as Fire Safety Enforcers
shall possess minimum required qualification standard.
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE SAFETY
This rule tackles the following:
 Inspection of all buildings, structures, facilities and premises,

hazardous operations, storage facilities and transportation vehicles of
hazardous materials .
 Fire safety inspections shall be conducted as a pre-requisite to grants
of permits and/or licenses by local governments or other government
agencies.
 In coordination with the Building Official, the City/Municipal Fire
Marshal having jurisdiction shall review, evaluate and assess plans,
design calculations and specifications, and issue the necessary
building Fire Safety Evaluation Clearance (FSEC) .
RULE 10. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES

This Rule covers the Fire Safety Measure for Buildings, Structures and
Facilities, Hazardous Materials and Wastes, Hazardous Operations and Processes
and Miscellaneous Hazardous Premises and/or conditions, that by its very nature or
relation to life, property and environment poses threat or danger.
RULE 11. PROHIBITED ACTS

Under this are the declared as prohibited acts and omissions that has to be
followed properly and respectively.
RULE 12. FIRE CODE TAXES, FEES/CHARGES AND FINES

This states the sources of income of the Bureau of Fire Protection.
RULE 13. ADMINISTRATIVE COURSES OF ACTION

This rule discusses the following:
A. Fines
B. Abatement
C. Stoppage of Operations/Closure
RULE 14. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISION

This rule tackles administrative action for cases of appeal which also includes
citizen’s participation, the implementing details, duties and responsibility of the chief,
separability clause, repealing and amending clause and its effectiveness. 2
2
ALL MENTIONED ABOVE ARE BASED FROM THIS SITE
http://bfp.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Fire-Code-of-the-Philippines-2008-IRR.pdf
NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES 2015
The 7th Edition of the NSCP C101-10 for Buildings, Towers and other Vertical
Structures was published in 2014 under the presidency of Engr. Carlos Villaraza.
Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) recognizes the
need for an up-to-date structural code addressing the design and installation of
structural systems through requirements emphasizing performance. The new NSCP
Volume 1 is designed to meet these needs through various model codes/regulations,
generally from the United States, to safeguard the public health and safety
nationwide.
This updated Structural Code establishes the minimum requirements for structural
systems using perspective and performance-based provision. This code reflects the
latest seismic design practice for earthquake-resistant structures.
SCOPE3
The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, moving,
demolition, repair, maintenance and use of buildings, towers and other vertical
structures within this jurisdiction.
Special structures such as but not limited to single dwellings, storage silos,
liquid product tanks and hydraulic flood control structures, should be referred to
special state of practice literature but shalt refer to provisions of this code as a
minimum wherever applicable.
OVERVIEW
This code is to provide minimum requirements for the design of buildings,
towers and other vertical structures, and minimum standards and guidelines to
safeguard life or limb, property and public welfare by regulating and controlling the
design, construction, quality of materials pertaining to the structural aspects of all
building and structures within this jurisdiction.
3
National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015
CHAPTER 1 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 103.1 - Nature of Occupancy
Buildings are classified according to its nature of occupancy for purposes of

applying wind and earthquake loads.
Occupancies having surgery and emergency treatment

areas
Fire and police stations
Garages and shelters for emergency vehicles and
emergency aircraft
Structures and shelters in emergency preparedness
centers
Aviation control towers
Structures and equipment in communication centers and
other facilities required for emergency response
I. Essential Facilities Facilities for standby power-generating equipment for
Category I structures
Tanks or other structures containing houssing or
supporting water or other fire-suppression material or
equipment required for the protection of Category !I, II,
III, IV and V structures
Public school buildings
Hospitals
Designated evacuation centers
Power and communication transmission lines
Occupancies and structures housing or supporting toxic or

explosive chemicals or substances
II. Hazardous Facilities Non-building structures storing, supporting or containing
quantities of toxic or explosive substances
Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant

capacity of 1,000 or more
Educational buildings such as museums, libraries,
auditorium with a capacity of 300 or more occupants
Building used for college or adult education with a
capaciry of 500 or more occupanrs.
Institutional buildings with 50 or more incapacitated
patients, but not included in Category I
III. Special Occupancy Mental hosp[itals, sanitariums, jails, prisons and other
Structures buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly
restrained
Churches, Mosques, and other Religion Facilities
All structures with an occupancy of 5,000 or more
persons
Structures and equipment in powe-generating stations,
and other public utility facilities not include in Category I
or Category II, and required for continued operation
IV. Standard Occupancy All structures housing occupancies or havign functions not
Structures listed in Category I, II, III and Category V
V. Miscellaneous Private garages, carports, sheds and fences over 1.5

Structures meter high
Figure 00. Occupancy Category

Source: Anti-Cram Squad 2019
Section 105 - Guidelines and Implementing Rules on Earthquake Recording
Instrumentation for Buildings
The requirements of Earthquake-Recording Instrumentation shall apply to all

existing buildings listed below, located in Seismic Zone 4 (entire Philippines except
Palawan and Tawi-Tawi)4
Type and Height of Building Location Requirements

Government Buildings
1. Three accelerographs at
Ground Floor/Lowest
Basement; Middle Floor;
and Floor Below Roof, or
2. One accelerographs at
Ground Floor/Lowest
A. Hospitals, schools and Basement interphase with 1. Accelerograph for
other buildings 50 meters two accelerometers at recording waveform and
high and above Middle Floor and Floor transformed to FFT.
Below Roof, or 2. Data output to include
3. Three accelerometers acceleration response
with common data logger spectra and pseudo
at Ground Floor/Lowest acceleration response.
Basement; Middle Floor; 3. With GPS capability.
and Floor Below Roof. 4. Capability to send data
B. Hospitals with 50-bed to data center of the
capacity or more and One accelerograph or one government.
schools with 20 accelerometer connected to a
classrooms or more but data logger, at Ground
not less than 3 storey Floor/Lowest Basement
high
One accelerograph or one
C. Provincial/City/Municipal accelerometer connected to a
Halls and Buildings data logger, at Ground Floor
Level/Lowest Basement
Private Buildings
1. Three accelerographs at
5. Accelerograph for
A. Buildings 50 meters high Ground Floor/Lowest
recording waveform and
and above Basement; Middle Floor;
transformed to FFT.
and Floor Below Roof, or
4
2. One accelerographs at
Ground Floor/Lowest
Basement interphase with
two accelerometers at
Middle Floor and Floor
Below Roof, or
3. Three accelerometers with
6. Data output to include
common data logger at
acceleration response
Ground Floor/Lowest
spectra and pseudo
Basement; Middle Floor;
acceleration response.
and Floor Below Roof.
7. With GPS capability.
B. Hospitals with 50-bed
8. Capability to send data
capacity or more and One accelerograph or one
to data center of the
schools with 20 accelerometer connected to a
government.
classrooms or more but data logger, at Ground
not less than 3 storey Floor/Lowest Basement
high
C. Commercial Buildings
One accelerograph or one
with occupancy of at
accelerometer connected to a
least 1,000 persons or
data logger, at Ground
gross floor area of at
Floor/Lowest Basement
least 10,000 sq.m.
Figure 00. Earthquake-Recording Instrumentation for Buildings

Source: National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015
This table shows the types of building requires to be installed with earthquake
recording instrumentation. The requirements for installation of accelerograph are for
buildings located in cities and municipalities within a 200 km radius from a Type A
faults.5
Minimum Specifications for Earthquake Recording Instruments 6
5
6
A. Accelerographs/Accelerometers – records and measure the acceleration of
particles on the surface of the earth in the vertical and two orthogonal
horizonal directions as a function of time.
 Minimum design life: 10 years and should be demonstrated and
certified to have a 40,000-hour mean time between failures
 Minimum of 3 components – Vertical, Longitudinal and Transverse
 Natural frequency: Above 50 Hz
 Damping: Approximately 60-70% critical
 Sensitivity: ±2000 gals or ±2g
 Bandwidth: DC to 100 Hz
 Environment: IP67 or better
 Input Range: ±2g - ±6g
B. Velocimeters – used to measure velocity of a particle.
 Minimum of 3 components – Vertical, Longitudinal and Transverse
 Natural frequency: Above 50 Hz
 Damping: Approximately 60-70% critical
 Sensitivity: ±2 m/s
 Bandwidth: 0.1 Hz - 100 Hz
 Environment: IP67 or better
C. Data Logger/Recording – records data over time or in relation to location.
 Sampling Frequency: minimum 100 samples per second
 Time: From at least 20 seconds before the ground shaking begins until
30 seconds after the last triggering level of motion
 PMS Noise: System noise shall be less than 40 µg’s measured over 0-
30 Hz
 Media: Digital storage media (32gb maximum)
 Continuous Monitoring: Capable for continuous recording by minimum
1 year
 AD converter: 24 bit or better
D. Power
 Battery maintained by trickle charger from AC power and capable of
powering the accelerograph and velocimeter for 2 days after loss of
power
E. Communication
 Ethernet: 10 base-T or 100 base-TX
 Protocol: TCP/IP FTP/SFTP
CHAPTER 2 – MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

Section 203 - Combination of Loads
Buildings, towers and other vertical structures and all portions thereof shall be
designed to resists the load combinations such as load combinations using strength
design or load and resistance factor design, load combinations using allowable
stress or allowable strength deign, and special seismic load combinations.
The most critical effect can occur when one or more of the contributing loads
are not acting. All applicable loads shall be considered, including both earthquake
and wind, in accordance with the specified load combinations. 7
Section 204 - Dead Loads
Deadloads consist of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated

into the building or other structure, including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs,
ceiling, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and other similarly
incorporated architectural and structural items, and fixed service equipment,
including the weight of the cranes.
204.3 - Partition Loads
Floors in office building and other buildings where partition locations

are open to alteration shall be designed to support a uniformly distributed
dead load equal to 1.0 kPa in addition to all other loads. 8
Exception:
7
8
Access floor systems shall be deigned to support a uniformly
distributed dead load equal to 0.5 kPa in addition to all other loads.
Section 205 - Live Loads
Live loads shall be the maximum loads expected by the intended use or
occupancy but in no case shall be less than the loads required by this section.
205.3 - Floor Live Loads
Use or Occupancy Uniform Load Concentrated Load

Category Description kPa kN
1. Access floor Office use 2.4 9.0
systems Computer use 4.8 9.0
3. Armories -- 7.2 0
Fixed seats 2.9 0
4. Theaters, assembly
Movable seats 4.8 0
area and
Lobbies and platforms 4.8 0
auditoriums
Stage areas 7.2 0
8. Bowling alleys,
poolrooms and
-- 3.6 0
similar recreational
areas
9. Catwalk for
-- 1.9 1.3
maintenance access
10. Cornices and
-- 3.6 0
marquees
11. Dining rooms and
-- 4.8 0
restaurants
12. Exit facilities -- 4.8 0
General storage
4.8 --
and/or repair
Public parking and
13. Parking garages and 4.8 --
ramps
ramps
Private (residential) or
pleasure-type motor 2.4 --
vehicle storage
16. Hospitals Wards and room 1.9 4.5
Laboratories and
2.9 4.5
operating rooms
Corridors above
3.8 4.5
ground floor
Reading rooms 2.9 4.5
Stack rooms 7.2 4.5
19. Libraries
Corridors above
3.8 4.5
ground floor
Light 6.0 9.0
Heavy 12.0 13.4
22. Manufacturing
Building corridors
3.8 9.0
above ground floor
Call centers and
business processing 2.9 9.0
offices
25. Office
Lobbies and ground
4.8 9.0
floor corridors
Other offices 2.4 9.0
Press rooms 7.2 11.0
28. Printing plants Composing and
4.8 9.0
linotype corridors
Basic floor area 1.9 0
Exterior balconies 2.9 0
30. Residential
Decks 1.9 0
Storage 1.9 0
34. Restrooms -- -- --
35. Reviewing stands,
grandstands,
bleachers, and -- 4.8 0
folding and
telescoping seating
Same as area served
36. Roof decks -- --
or occupancy
37. Schools Classrooms 1.9 4.5
Corridors above
3.8 4.5
ground floor
Ground floor corridors 4.8 4.5
40. Sidewalks and
Public access 12.0 --
driveways
Light 6.0 --
41. Storage
Heavy 12.0 --
Retail 4.8 4.5
43. Stores
Wholesale 6.0 13.4
45. Pedestrian bridges
-- 4.8 --
and walkways
Figure 00. Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads

205.4 - Roof Live Loads
Roofs shall be designed for the unit live loads. The live loads shall be
assumed to act vertically upon the area projected on a horizontal plane.
Method 1 Method 2
Tributary Area (m2)
Unifor Maximum
Roof slope 0 to 20 to Over Rate of
m Load Reduction
20 60 60 Reduction
(kPa) (%)
Uniform Load (kPa)
1. Flat or rise less than 1-unit
vertical in 3-unit horizontal
(33.3% slope). Arch and 1.00 0.75 0.60 1.00 0.08 40
dome with rise less than 1/8
of span.
2. Rise 1-unit vertical to less
than 3-unit vertical in 3-unit
horizontal (33.3% to less
0.75 0.70 0.60 0.75 0.06 25
than 100% slope). Arch and
dome with rise 1/8 of span
to less than 3/8 of span.
3. Rise 1-unit horizontal (100% 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 No reduction permitted
slope) and greater. Arch
and dome with rise 3/8 of
span or greater.
4. Awning except cloth
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
covered.
5. Greenhouses, lath houses
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
and agricultural buildings.
Figure 00. Minimum Roof Live Loads

205.5 - Reduction of Live Loads
The reduction shall not exceed 40% for members receiving load from
one level only, 60% for other members.
For storage loads exceeding 4.8 kPa, no reduction shall be made,

except that design live loads on columns may be reduced 20%.
The live load reduction shall not exceed 40% in garages for the storage
of private cars having a capacity of not more than 9 passengers per vehicle.
Section 206 - Other Minimum Loads
206.3 - Impact Loads
Provision shall be made in the structural design for uses and loads that
involve unusual vibration and impact forces.
Light Machinery, Reciprocating

Elevator Hangers for floors
Shaft- or Motor- Machinery or
Machinery and balconies
driven Power-driven Units
100% 20% 50% 33%
Figure 00. Impact Loads

Source: Anti-Cram Squad 2019
206.10 - Heliport and Helistop Landing Areas
Heliport and helistop landing or touchdown areas shall be designed for

the following loads:
1. Dead load plus actual weight of the helicopter.

2. Dead load plus a single concentrated impact load, covering 0.10 m 2 of 0.75
times the fully loaded weight of the helicopter if it is equipped with
hydraulic-type shock absorbers, or 1.5 times the fully loaded weight of the
helicopter if it is equipped with a rigid or skid-type landing gear. 9
Section 207 - Wind Loads
207A.5 - Wins Hazard Map
207A.5.1 - Basic Wind Speed
The basic wind speed used in the determination of design wind

loads on buildings and other structures shall be determined. The wind
shall be assumed to come from any horizontal direction. The basic
wind speed shall be increased where records or experience indicate
that the wind speeds are higher than those reflected in Figure 00.
9
Figure 00. Maximum Speed Average over t s to Hourly Mean SpeedSource: National Structural Code of
the Philippines 2015
Section 208 - Earthquake Loads
208.3 - Symbols and Notations10
Na – near-source factor used in the determination of C a in Seismic Zone 4

related to both proximity of building or structure to known faults with
magnitudes
Nv – near-source factor used in the determination of C v in Seismic Zone 4

related to both proximity of building or structure to known faults with
magnitudes
208.1.2 - Minimum Seismic Design
Structures and portions thereof shall, as a minimum, be

designed and constructed to resist the effects of seismic ground
motions.
208.4.4 - Site Seismic Hazard Characteristics
10
Seismic hazard characteristics for the site shall be established
based on the seismic zone and proximity of the site to achieve seismic
sources, site soil profile characteristics and the structure’s importance
factor.
208.4.4.1 - Seismic Zone
The Philippine archipelago is divided into two seismic zones.

Zone 2 covers the provinces of Palawan (except Busuanga), Sulu and
Tawi-Tawi. Zone 4 covers the rest of the country.
Figure 00. Referenced Seismic Map of the Philippines Source: Google Images
Figure 00. Distribution of Active Faults in Region III Source: Google Images
208.4.4.3 - Seismic Zone 4 Near-Source Factor
For high rise structures and essential facilities within 2.0 km of a

major fault, a site specific seismic elastic design response spectrum is
recommended to be obtained for the specific area.
Seismic Source Closest Distance to Known Seismic Source

Type ≤ 2 km ≤ 5 km ≤ 10 km
A 1.5 1.2 1.0
B 1.3 1.0 1.0
C 1.0 1.0 1.0
Figure 00. Near-Source Factor Na

Seismic Closest Distance to Known Seismic Source

Source Type ≤ 2 km ≤ 5 km ≤ 10 km ≤ 15 km
A 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.0
B 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0
C 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
208.4.7 - Height Limits
Figure 00. Near-Source Factor Nv

Figure 00. Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of ConcreteSource: National Structural Code

of the Philippines 2015
Figure 00. Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Steel
Source:
Figure 00. Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of SteelSource: National

Structural Code of the Philippines 2015
Section 209 - Soil Lateral Loads

Basement, foundation and retaining walls shall be designed to resist lateral
soil loads. Basement walls and other walls in which horizontal movement is restricted
at the top shall be designed for at-rest pressure. Retaining walls free to move and
rotate at the top are permitted to be designed for active pressure. Design lateral
pressure from surcharge loads shall be added to the lateral earth pressure load.
Design lateral pressure shall be increased if soil with expansion potential are present
at the site.
Exception:
Basement walls extending not more than 2.4 meter below grade and supporting
flexible floor systems shall be permitted to be designed for active pressure.
Figure 00. Soil Lateral LoadsSource: National Structural
Code of the Philippines 2015
Section 210 - Rain Loads
210.1 - Roof Drainage
Roof drainage systems shall be designed in accordance with the

provision of the code having jurisdiction in the area. The flow capacity of
secondary (overflow) drains or scuppers shall not be less than that of the
primary drains or scuppers.
210.2 - Design Rain Loads
Each portion of the roof shall be designed to sustain he load of

rainwater that will accumulate on it if the primary drainage system for that
portion is blocked plus the uniform load caused by water that rises above the
inlet of the secondary drainage system at its design flow.
210.3 - Ponding Instability
For roofs with a slope less than 6mm per 300mm, the design
calculations shall include verification of adequate stiffness to preclude
progressive deflection.
210.4 - Controlled Drainage
Roofs equipped with hardware to control the rate of drainage shall be

equipped with a secondary drainage system at a higher elevation that limits
accumulation of water on the roof above that elevation.
Section 211 - Flood Loads
All new construction of buildings, structures and portions of buildings and

structures, including substantial improvement and restoration of substantial damage
to buildings and structures, shall be designed and constructed to resist the effects of
flood hazards and flood loads. For buildings that are located in more than one flood
hazard area, the provisions associated with the most restrictive flood hazard area
shall apply.
CHAPTER 3 – EARTHQUAKES AND FOUNDATIONS
Section 302 – Excavation and Fills
302.2 Cuts11
Unless otherwise recommended in the approved geotechnical

engineering report or engineering report, cuts shall conform to the provisions
of the sections. In the absence of an approved geotechnical engineering
report, these provisions may be waved for cuts 3 meter or less in height,
involving intact rock or hard soil, that are not intended to support structures.
302.4 Fills12
Unless otherwise recommended in the approved geotechnical

engineering report or engineering report, fills shall conform to the provisions of
the sections. In the absence of an approved geotechnical engineering report,
these provisions may be waved for minor fills (H ≤ 2.0 m) not intended to
support structures.
302.5 Setbacks13
Setback dimensions shall be horizontal distances measures

perpendicular to the site boundary.
302.5.2 Top of Cut Slope
The top of cut slopes shall not be made nearer to a site

boundary line than 1/5 of the vertical height of cut with 0.6 meter to 3
meters.
302.5.2 Toe of Fill Slope
The toe of a fill slopes shall not be made nearer to a site

boundary line than ½ the height of the slope with 0.6 meter to 6 meters.
11
12
13
Section 305 – Footings
Thickness of Foundation Depth

Number of
Walls (mm) Below
Floors Width of Thickness
Undisturbed
Supported Footing of Footing
Unit Ground
by the Concrete (mm) (mm)
Masonry Surface
Foundations
(mm)
1 150 150 300 150 300
2 200 200 375 175 450
3 250 250 450 200 600
Figure 00. Minimum Requirements for Foundations

THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE OF 2009
INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE

The Philippine Electrical code of the Philippines has two parts – the First Part
consists of two volumes, Volume I which consists of rules which regulate electrical
installation done inside the building while Volume II which done to watercraft. The
Second Part consists of same rules but done outside the building.
CHAPTER 1 – GENERAL
The chapter contains the purpose, mandatory and permissive rules,
Explanatory materials, coverage of Scope of P.E.C. 2009, definition of terms,
permits, Electrical Plans and Requirements for Electrical Installation.
PURPOSE OF P.E.C. 2009
1. Practical Safeguarding
2. Adequacy - This Code contains provisions that are considered minimum
requirements necessary for safety. Compliance therewith and proper maintenance
will result in an installation that is essentially free from hazard but not necessarily
efficient, convenient, or adequate for good service or future expansion.
3. Intention - This Code is intended for the exclusive use of licensed electrical
practitioners (PEE, REE, and RME). This Code is not intended as a design
specification nor an instruction manual for a non-licensed electrical practitioner,
unless under the supervision of a licensed electrical practitioner.
4. Relation to Other International Standards - The requirements in this Code
address the fundamental principles of protection for safety contained in Section 131
of International Electro Technical Commission Standard 60364-1, Electrical
Installations of Buildings.
MANDATORY RULES, PERMISIVE RULES & EXPLANATORY MATERIAL
1. Mandatory Rules - Mandatory rules of this Code are those that identify actions
that are specifically required or prohibited and are characterized by the use of the
terms “shall” or “shall not”.
2. Permissive Rules - Permissive rules of this Code are those that identify actions
that are allowed but not required, are normally used to describe options or alternative
methods, and are characterized by the use of the terms “shall be permitted” or “shall
not be required”.
3. Explanatory Material - Explanatory material, such as references to other
standards, references to related sections of this Code, or information related to a
Code rule, is included in this Code in the form of fine print notes (FPN). (FPN) are
informational only and are not enforceable as requirements of this Code.
COVERAGE OR SCOPE OF P.E.C. 2009
Covered-The installation of electrical conductors, equipment, and raceways;
signaling and communications conductors, equipment, and raceways; and optical
fiber cables and raceways installed.
1. Public and private buildings, including but not limited to residential, commercial,
industrial, institutional, cultural, agricultural, agro-industrial, planned unit
development and all other buildings or premises that may require practical
safeguarding of persons and property from hazards
arising from the use of electricity.
2. Electric generating plants 9. Quarries and mines
3. Industrial plants 10. Watercraft
4. Transformer stations 11. Dockyards
5. Permanent and temporary substations, etc. 12. Trailers
6. Airfields 13. Mobile homes and
recreational vehicles
7. Railways switchyards 14. Offshore facilities
8. Yards, carnival, parks, parking and other lots
Not Covered - The following installations are not covered:

1. Railway rolling stock, aircraft, or automotive vehicles
2. Railways for generation, transformation, transmission, or distribution of power
used exclusively for operation of rolling stock.14
DEFINITION
The definition consists of words that is related to Electrical Code and its
meaning. (e.g. Switchboard - A large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on
which are mounted on the face, back, or both, switches, overcurrent and other
protective devices, buses, and usually instruments. Switchboards are generally
accessible from the rear as well as from the front and are not intended to be installed
in cabinets.) 15
PERMITS AND INSPECTION CERTIFICATES
Places to Obtain Permits:
 Local Building Office - buildings, trailers, mobiles homes
 Marina (Maritime Industry Authority) - watercrafts
Requirements for Electrical Permit:
a) Information
1. Applicant
2. PEE who signed and sealed the electrical plans and specifications
3. Licensed Electrical Practitioner who is in charge of electrical works
4. Building Owner
5. Lot Owner
6. Building Official
b) 5 SETS of complete electrical plans and specifications signed and sealed by PEE
14
PEC – Reviewer p. 6
15
PEC – Reviewer p. 7-11
The delay for releasing an electrical permit shall not be longer than five (5) working days
after which time application together with the accompanying plans
ELECTRICAL PLANS ANS SPECIFICATIONS

Also, the translation of plans to papers must follow standards on symbols,
paper size, and lineweight must follow. The following are the considerations of
electrical plans must contain.
A. Drawing Sheet Sizes
 760mm x 1,000mm
 600mm x 900mm
 500mm x 760mm
 297mm x 420mm (A3 Size is allowed
B. Plan Requirements
o Location and Site Plans
o Legend or Symbols
o General Notes and/or Specifications
o Electrical Layout
 Plan for Power
 Plan for Lighting and Receptacle Outlets
 Plan for Fire Alarm Circuits
o Schedule of Loads
o Design Analysis
o One Line Diagram
C. Title Block or Nameplate of Plans and Drawings
D. Other Details for Electrical Plans
o Exposed Conductors
o Auxiliary gutters, wireways, busways, cabinets, boxes, metallic
raceways, underground installations.
o Private pole installations
o Low energy power and low voltage power installation
E. Substation Plans and Specifications
REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
A. The Criteria for Examination of Examination of Electrical Inspection
o Suitability for the installation
o Mechanical strength and durability
o Wire bending and connection space
o Electrical insulation
o Heating effects produced by the equipment under normal and
abnormal condition of use.
o Arcing effects
o Class, type, size, voltage, ampacity, specific use of equipment.
B. Entrance to Working Space
C. Warning Sign for Voltages Exceeding 600 Volts
D. Measurements for Access to Manholes16
CHAPTER 2 – WIRING AND PROTECTION

REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
This Chapter consists of the required Electrical Installation and its standards from
wire up to the main source of it.
 Means of Identifying Grounded Conductors
o Sizes 14mm2 or smaller
o Sizes larger than 14mm2
o Flexible Cords
o Grounded Conductors of Different Systems
BRANCH CIRCUITS
 RATING
o In General, (15,20,30,40,50 amperes – for individual branch circuits)
o Over having 50 Amperes
 GRUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER PROTECTION
o DWELLING UNITS - All 125/250 volts, single phase, 15-20 amperes
receptacles installed in the some specific shall be of GFCI protection.
o OTHER THAN DWELLING UNITS - All 125/250 volts, single phase,
15-20 amperes receptacles installed in the following locations shall be
of GFCI protection
o BOAT HOISTS - All 125/250 volts, 15-20 ampere receptacles shall be
GFCI protection.
 CICRCUITS DERIVED FROM AN AUTOTRANSFORMER
 ARC-FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER (AFCI)
 DWELLING UNIT BEDROOMS
BRANCH CIRCUITS RATINGS
 CONDUCTORS – MINIMUM AMPACITY AND SIZE

o IN GENERAL - Branch-circuit conductors shall have an ampacity not
less than the maximum load to be served. Branch circuit conductors
which supplies continuous load and combination thereof shall have an
ampacity not less than 125% of the continuous load.
o HOUSEHOLD RANGES AND COOKING APPLINACES - Fore ranges
of 8¾ kW or more rating, shall have a minimum-branch circuit rating of
40 amperes.
 BRANCH CIRCUITS REQUIRING AT LEAST 20A OVERCURRENT
PROETCTION – 1500VA
o Small Appliance Branch Circuits
o Laundry Branch Circuits
o Bathroom Branch Circuits
16
o Dwelling Unit (50 m2) not more than 3680VA
 PERMISSIBLE LOADS - A branch circuit supplying two or more outlets or
receptacles shall supply only the loads specified.
 RECEPTACLE OUTLETS
o GENERAL PROVISIONS – for every kitchen, family room, dining
room, living room, parlor, library, den, sunroom, bedroom, recreation
room, or similar room or area of dwelling units, receptacle outlets shall
be installed in accordance with the following provisions in spacing, wall
space, and floor receptacles.
o COUNTERTOPS – the following must consider:
 Wall counter spaces
 Island or Peninsular Counter spaces
 Receptacle Outlet Location
 LIGHITING OUTLETS REQUIRED
FEEDERS
 MINIMUM RATING AND SIZE

o IN GENERAL - Feeders shall have an allowable ampacity not less than
the non-continuous load plus 125% of the continuous load.
o AMPACITY RELATIVE TO CONDUCTORS - Feeders for systems with
600 volts, or less, shall have an ampacity not less than that of the
service and carry the total load supplied with 55 amperes or less.
 FEEDERS WITH COMMON NEUTRAL
BRANCH CIRCUIT, FEEDER AND SERVICE CALCULATIONS
 CALCULATIONS
o Voltage
o Fractions of an Ampere
o Other loads – All Occupancies
 Heavy-Duty Lampholders
 Sign and Outline Lighting
 Show Windows
 Track Lighting
 Banks and Office Buildings
 Receptacle Outlets
 FEEDER AND SERVICE LOAD CALCULATIONS
o General Lighting
o Show Windows
o Track Lighting
o Electric Clothes – Dwelling units
o Kitchen Equipment
o Electric Ranges and other Cooking Appliances
 OPTIONAL FEEDER AND SERVICE LOAD CALCULATIONS
 MULTIFAMILY DWELLING17
OVERHEAD SERVICE
 OVERHEAD SERVICE LOCATIONS
o Equipped with rain-tight service head.
o Located above the point of attachment of the service-drop conductors.
o Drip loops formed on individual conductors to prevent moistures.
o Arranged that water will not enter service raceway or equipment.
 OVERHEAD SERVICE DROP CONDUCTORS
 CLEARANCE FROM GROUND
 CLEARANCE FROM BUILDINGS FOR CONDUCTORS OF NOT OVER 600
VOLTS, NOMINAL
SERVICES
Service Entrance - The service conductors between the terminal of the
service equipment and point usually outside the building, clear of building walls,
where joined by a taps or splices to the service drop. A building or other structure
served be supplied by one service only
 BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES REQUIRING ADDITIONAL
FEEDERS/SERVICE ENTRANCE
o SPECIAL CONDITIONS
 Fire pumps
 Emergency systems
 Legally required standby systems
 Optional standby systems
 Parallel power production systems
 Multiple sources of supply for the purpose of enhanced reliability
o SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES
o CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS
o DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS
o BY IDENTIFICATION
 CONDUCTORS CONSIDERED OUTSIDE THE BUILDING 18
CHAPTER 3 – WIRING METHODS AND MATERIALS

APPROVED TYPE OF WIRING METHOD BY P.E.C.
 CONDUCTORS ON INSULATOR METHOD:

o Open wiring on insulator - installed exposed*
o Concealed knob and tube work - installed hidden by portion of the
building*
 CABLE WIRING METHOD:
17
18
o Armored (BX) Cable
o Metal-clad cable
o Mineral insulated metal sheathed cable
o Non-metallic sheathed cable
o Shielded non-metallic sheathed cable
o Service entrance cable
o Underground feeder & branch circuit cable
o Power and control tray cable
o Flat Conductor cable
o Medium voltage cable
o Integrated gas spacer cable
 RACEWAY METHOD
o Intermediate metal conduit (IMC)*
o Underfloor raceway
o Rigid metal conduit (RMC)*
o Cellular metal floor raceway
o Rigid non-metallic conduit (PVC)*
o Cellular concrete floor raceway
o Electrical metallic tubing (EMT)*
o Wireways*
o Flexible metallic tubing (FMT)*
o Busways*
o Liquid-tight flexible metallic tubing
o Cable trays*
o Liquid-tight flexible non-metallic tubing
o Cablebus
o Metallic surface raceway*
o Flexible metallic conduit*
o Wooden surface raceway*
o Electrical non-metallic tubing
o Non-metallic surface raceway*
o Multi-outlet assembly
*THE MOST COMMONLY USED METHODS DONE BY PRECTITIONERS 19
CHAPTER 4 – EQUIPMENT FOR GENERAL USE

The following equipments had to follow standards related to installation and
measurements.
 FLEXIBLE CORD/CABLE
 FIXTURE WIRES
 SWITCHES
 SWITCHBOARDS AND PANELBOARDS
 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL PANEL - An assembly of a systematic and
standard arrangement of two or more components such as motor
controllers, overload relays, fused disconnect switches, and circuit
breakers and related control devices such as pushbutton stations,
19
selector switches, timers, switches, control relays, and the like with
associated wiring, terminal blocks, pilot lights, and similar components.
 LUMINARES
 APPLIANCES
 MOTORS, MOTOR CIRCUITS, AND CONTROLLERS
 AIR-CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATING EQUIPMENT
 GENRATORS
 TRANSFORMERS AND TRANSFORMERS VAULTS
 CAPACITORS20
CHAPTER 5 – SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES

The following are the places or areas that considered special because of their
unique needs in wiring and installation to power supply.
 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
 ASSEMBLY OCCUONAICES (e.g. Armories, Museums and Restaurants)
 THEATERS, AUDIENCE AREAS OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION
STUDIOS
 MOBILE HOMES
 FLOATING BUILDINGS - A building unit that floats on water, is moored in a
permanent location, and has a premises wiring system served through
connection by permanent wiring to an electricity supply system not located on
the premises.
 MARINAS AND BOATYARDS21
CHAPTER 6 – SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

The following are the equipment that needed separate power supply that
considered special because of their unique needs in wiring and installation to power
supply.
 ELECTRICAL SIGNS AND OUTLINE LIGHTINGS
 CRANES AND HOISTS
 SWIMMING POOLS, FOUNTAINS, AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS
 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS22
CHAPTER 7 – SPECIAL CONDITIONS

The following are some systems that may related to utilities and needed also
a special power supply to operate and to follow safety guidelines.
 EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
 LEGALLY REQUIRED STANDBY SYSTEMS
 OPTIONAL SYANDBY SYSTEMS23
20
PEC – Reviewer pp. 61-75
21
22
23
CHAPTER 8 – COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
The following are related to electric and the communication systems, these
are the types of systems underneath and their standards.
 COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS
o On poles and In-span
o Above roofs
o Lighting Conductors
 RADIO AND TELEVISON EQUIPMENT
o Outside of Buildings
o From Lighting Rod Systems
o Underground Conductors
o Antennas and Lead-ins24
24
PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (RA
1378)
INTRODUCTION and HISTORY

Plumbing, as defined in oxford dictionary, is the system of pipes, tanks,
fittings, and other apparatus required for the water supply, heating and sanitation in a
building.25 A suitable Plumbing code is one of the most important authorities in
modern and healthful human existence that involves the three basic necessities of
life which are the air, water and food. 26
Fig. 00 Plumbing definition (Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
The concern of Filipinos on the plumbing standards started in the 17 th century

in the model community – Intramuros. Plumbing installations in the city are
incorporated from the European standards. Plumbing took its peak in the arrival of
25
Plumbing, Oxford Dictionary
26
Preface, Plumbing Code of the Philippines
American people, Governal General Harrison have brought the issuance of
instruction on proper waste disposal in all the municipalities. Later on, with the
initiative of Filipino Master Plumbers the plumbing code of the United States was
incorporated into the Building Code for the city of Manila. The NAMPAP (National
Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines) initiated the creation of Department
of Public Services of the City of Manila wherein eventually home the practice of
Plumbing. NAMPAP spearheaded the enactment of a law regulating the practice of
27
master plumbing in the Philippines.
In June 18, 1955, R.A. 1378 known as the “Plumbing Law of the Philippines”
was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay and in 1959, the National Plumbing
Code of the Philippines prepared by the NAMPAP was publicized and approved by
Malacañang. This revised edition of the Plumbing Code was headed by the
NAMPAP President, Jaime M. Cabase and approved by the former president Joseph
Ejercito Estrada last December 21, 1999 in pursuant with the Section 4 of R.A. 1378
that is known as the Plumbing Law.28
SUMMARY OF PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
BASIC PRINCIPLES29
These principles of the Revised National Building Code is an update of the
established “Plumbing Law of the Philippines in 1959.
Principle No. 1 All premises intended for human occupancy shall be provided with a
supply of pure and natural water, far from unsafe water supplies and hazards of
backflow.
Principle No. 2 Plumbing fixtures, devices and accessories should be supplied with
adequate volume of water and enough pressure to enable them to function without
unnecessary noise.
Principle No. 3 Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum
quantity of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning.
Principle No. 4 Devices for heating and storing water shall be designed and installed
as to prevent explosion and overheating.
27 4
- History of Plumbing Practice, Plumbing Code of the Philippines
28
29
Basic Principles, Revised National Plumbing Code, 1999
Principle No. 5 Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for
human occupancy on premises bordering on a street, alley or easement where there
is a public sewer shall be connected to the sewer system.
Principle No. 6 Each family dwelling unit on premises bordering on a sewer or with a
private sewage-disposal system shall have at least one water closet and one kitchen
type sink.
Principle No. 7 Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth nonabsorbent material,
free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
Principle No. 8 The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained
to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts
so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned.
Principle No. 9 All pipings of plumbing systems shall be of durable NAMPAP-
APPROVED materials, free form defective workmanship, designed and constructed
by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service.
Principle No. 10 - Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be
equipped with a water-sealed trap.
Principle No. 11 • The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate
circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under
ordinary use.
Principle No. 12 - Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to
preempt clogging and the return of foul air to the building.
Principle No. 13 - Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively
disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship.
Principle No. 14 - No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive
mixture~ destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal
process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system.
Principle No. 15 - Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of
food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When
necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the
building drainage system.
Principle No. 16 - No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which
is not properly lighted and ventilated.
Principle No. 17 - If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings
where there is no sewer within a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be
made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method of sewage
treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank.
Principle No. 18 - Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject tb backflow of
sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building.
Principle No. 19 - Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by
Registered Master Plumbers. ·
Principle No. 20 - All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be
accessible for their intended use.
Principle No. 21 - Plumbing shall be installed by Registered Master Plumbers with
due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural members and the
prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage.
Principle No. 22 - Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which may be
deleterious to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharged into the ground
or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through subjection to some
acceptable form of treatment.
ADMINISTRATION
INSPECTIONS30
The Administrative Authority is the sole responsible for inspection of permits
on all plumbing systems required by this Code. All plumbing systems regulated by
this code shall only be connected to the water and energy fuel supplies and sewer
system with the approval and authorization of Administrative Authority or other
agencies concerned. The stated authority also have the responsibility to test and
approve all plumbing systems as required by this code.
CONNECTION APPROVAL31
a. Permanent Connections – all the installation of connections to any water
supply line, sewer or storm drain systems shall be in accordance to the
requirements of the code and approval from the Administrative Authority.
b. Temporary Connections – for the purpose of testing the equipment, the
Administrative authority may endorse other authorities to temporarily supply
connections of the plumbing equipment to the water supply main, sewer main,
power line and gas main.
30
Section 105, Revised National Plumbing Code, 1999
31
Fig. 00 Two types of connection approval (Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
GENERAL REGULATIONS
DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER32
Disposal of sewage, human excreta or any other waste in any place or
manner should be unlawful except through and by means of approved Excreta and
Storm Drainage Systems installed and maintained following the guidelines of this
code.
GRADE OF HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPING33

Horizontal drainage pipes shall run at a constant slope of 2% between
manholes of not less than 20mm/m or 2% toward the point of disposal. The required
slope is due to the restrictions such as excessive depth of the proposed drainage
line, structural or geological features and existing adverse in arrangements of
building. If cases such as pipe or piping 102 mm or larger in diameter is in use, it
may have a slope of 10 mm/m or 1% provided that it is approved by the
Administrative Authority.
32
33
CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE FLOW34
 Changes in direction shall be made with approved fitting angles such as 45˚
bend, 60˚ bend or other approved fittings.
Fig. 00 Types of Fittings (Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
 Connected horizontal and vertical pipes shall enter through a 45˚ or 60˚ wye
branches, combination wye and 1/8 branches, sanitary tees or other approved
fittings.
 Nominal pipe sizes recognized are: 51, 63, 76, 89, 103, 114, 127 & 152 mm.
 Both horizontal drainage lines shall enter through 45˚ wye branches,
combination wye and 1/8 bend branches or other approved fittings.
 Connected vertical pipe to horizontal drainage line shall enter through a 45˚
branches or other approved fittings.
SEWER REQUIRED35
Every building where plumbing fixtures are installed shall have a sewer
service connection to a public or private sewer systems. If there is no available
public sewer, excreta drainage from buildings shall be connected to a private
sewage disposal system in approval of the Administrative authority.
34
35
LOCATION36
No excreta public system, storm drainage system, building drain and any
other related plumbing system should be located in any other lot except on the site
where the building is situated.
INDEPENDENT SYSTEM37
Each newly constructed building shall have individual drainage system and
when available, every building shall have an independent connection with a private
or public sewer. If one building stands in the rear of another building on an interior lot
and no private sewer line is available, the building drain from the front building may
be extended to the rear building.
PROTECTION OF PIPING, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES 38

 All pipings passing under or through walls shall be protected with embedded
metal pipe sleeves.
 By encasing same with polyethylene sheath or in other approved manner, all
pipes (passing through or under cinders) shall be protected from external
corrosion.
 Void between pipes and sleeves through concrete floors in the ground shall
be properly sealed with bitumen.
 All pipes shall be installed and such will not be exposed to undue strains or
stresses. Provisions shall be made for pipe expansions and contraction, and
bending due to structural settlement.
 No pipe shall be directly embedded in concrete and masonry walls without
metal sleeve.
 The bottom of all pipe trenches deeper than the footing of any adjacent and
parallel building must be at least forty-five (45) degrees therefrom.
 No building sewer or other drainage pipings shall be installed under or within
0.6 meter of any building or structure, nor less than 0 3 meter below the finish
ground surface.
 Pipe surfaces subject to excessive corrosion, erosion or mechanical damage
shall be protected with approved material and manners.
36
37
38
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS39
a. VERTICAL PIPING – shall be secured at adequately close intervals to keep the
pipes in alignment and to carry its weight. Vertical pipe are any pipe or fitting
installed in a vertical position40. Stacks shall be supported at their base as follows:
 Cast Iron Soil Pipe

 Screwed Pipe
 Copper Tubing
 Lead Pipe
 Plastic Pipe
b. HORIZONTAL PIPING – shall be supported at adequately close intervals to keep

them in alignment and prevent the pipes from sagging.
 Cast Iron Soil Pipe

 Screwed Pipe
 Copper Tubing
 Lead Pipe
 In Ground
 Plastic Tube
c. HANGERS AND ANCHORS – shall be of sufficient strength to maintain their

proportional share with the weight of the pipe and its content.
TRENCHING, EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL
Tunneling may be used between open cut trenches. These tunnels shall have
a clear height of 0.6 meter above the pipe and length of one-half the depth of the
trench. The maximum length is 24 meters.
All excavations required to be made for the setting up for installation of a
building drainage system, within its walls, shall be open trench work and kept open
until the piping is done for inspection, testing and accepting.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
MATERIALS
39
40
Definitions, Revised National Plumbing Code, 1999
All plumbing fixtures shall conform to the quality and design acceptable in this
code. Fixtures shall be manufactured of dense, durable, nonabsorbent materials and
must have smooth, impermeable surfaces, free from unnecessary concealed fouling
surfaces.41
PLUMBING FIXTURES REQUIRED
Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities as prescribed by the
National Building Code or any other authorities alike. In case there is no existing
local requirements, the code set a recommended list of minimum facilities (Table 4-1
of NPCP) such as the following:
 One (1) fixture being the minimum for the number of persons indicated.
 Where there is exposure to skin contamination, provide one (1) lavatory for
each five (5) persons.
 609.6 mm wide or 457.2 mm diameter of circular basin shall be equivalent to
one lavatory.
 Water stations may be substituted for drinking fountains when food is
consumed inside the building premises.
 Spaces with more than six (6) persons shall have one (1) drinking fountain for
the first seventy-five (75) persons and one (1) additional fountain for each
hundred and fifty (150) persons thereafter.
INSPECTION AND TEST

42
INSPECTION
All new plumbing work and portions of current systems as may be affected by
new work or any changes shall be inspected by the Administrative Authority to
ensure compliance with all the requirements of this Code. If the administrative
authority, finds that the work will not pass the test, necessary corrections shall be
made and resubmitted. Upon the completion of plumbing work and final test, a
certificate of approval shall be issued to the permittee on demand.
TESTING43
The equipment, material and labor necessary for the inspections or tests shall
be furnished by the person to whom the permit is issued or by whom inspection is
requested. The following are some of the test:
 Water test
 Air test
 Building Sewer Test
 Water Piping
 Defective Systems
41
42
43
Section 501.2, Revised National Plumbing Code, 1999
 Moved Structures
 Protectively Coated Pipe
 Test for Shower Receptors
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
RUNNING WATER REQUIRED

Each plumbing fixture shall be provided with an adequate supply of potable
running water without danger of backflow or cross-connection. Water closets and
urinals shall be flushed by means of an approved flush tank or flushometer valve. 44
Faucets and diverters shall be connected to the hot and cold water distribution
supplies.
CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL– is any connection or arrangement between a
potable water supply system and any plumbing fixture or any tank, receptacle,
equipment or device, through which enables non-potable to enter into any part of
such potable water system under any form.45
BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS
 Airgap
 Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB)
 Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly (DC)
 Pressure Vacuum Breaker Backflow Prevention Assembly (PVB)
 Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly (RP)
WATER PRESSURE PIPES46

These pipes shall be made of brass, copper, centrifugal cast iron (CCI), B & S
and F & F ends, ductile cast iron (DCI), galvanized wrought iron etc. All materials
used in water supply distribution system shall be if a like material. Cast iron fittings
must be up to and including 51 mm in size and must have a lead content of less than
8%. ‘
VALVES47
Valves up to and including 51 mm in size shall be brass or other approved
materials, sizes that are over 51 mm may have cast iron or brass bodies. Control
gate valves shall be installed before each water-supplied appliance slip joint, supply
pipings for non-metallic fixture and appliance.
GRAVITY SUPPLY TANKS48
44
45
Definitions, Revised National Plumbing Code, 1999
46
47
48
Elevated or gravity storage tank fur potable water supply shall be tightly
covered to keep out unauthorized persons, dirt and vermin. The vent shall be
screened with a fine corrosion-resistant screen with openings not less than 14 nor
more than 18 mess per 25 mm.
EXCRETA DRAINAGE SYSTEM
EXCRETA DRAINAGE PIPINGS49

These pipings shall be cast iron, ductile iron, galvanized steel galvanized
wrought iron, lead, copper, brass, Series 1000 PVC DWV extra-strength vitrified clay
pipe or other approved materials having smooth and uniform bore.
Table 00. Maximum Trap Loading
Item
Pipe Size Fixture Unit F.U.
No.
1 32 1
2 38 3
3 51 4
4 76 6
5 102 8
Source: Section 702, National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
DRAINAGE PIPING50
Minimum sizes of drainage pipings are determined from the total of all fixture
units connected thereto, and additional, in the case of vertical drainage pipes, in
accordance with their height or length.
CLEAN-OUTS51
Each drainage pipe shall be provided with a clean-out at its upper terminal.
Each run of piping, a clean-out must be provided in every 15 meters length of
fraction.
Threads
Size of clean-out
Size of Pipe (mm) per 25.4
(mm)
mm
38 38 11-1/2
51 38 11-1/2
49
50
51
64 64 8
76 64 8
5 89 8
Source: 706.1, Revised National Plumbing Code, 1999
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
RAINWATER SYSTEM
Rainwater downspout or conductor pipings placed within the interior of a

building vent shaft shall be cast iron, galvanized steel, iron, brass, copper, lead.
Downspouts for high rise buildings, shall be stronger pipe material to resist the high
hydrostatic pressure.
ROOF DRAIN
This shall be equipped with strainers extending not less than 102 mm above
the surface of the roof, immediately adjacent to the drain dome-type strainers.
RAINWATER PIPING
In identifying sizes of rainwater piping, one should consult a local rainfall

figures to determine the maximum rainfall per hour. Normally, a 102 mm/hr rainfall
intensity is used around Manila. For rainfall rates, determine the allowable roof area
by dividing the area given in the 25 mm/hour column by the desired rainfall rate.
THE CODE ON SANITATION OF THE
PHILIPPINES (PD 856)
INTRODUCTION and HISTORY
SANITATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Sanitation’s major objective is to prevent the potential hazards that will affect
directly the human health. Hazards which are mold by waste such as wastewater,
greywater and excreta52. These wastes may contain threats that will be harmful to
human health, such as microbial pathogens and hazardous chemicals. Sanitation is
one of the greatest problem of our country especially on slums areas and urban
waterbodies, the lack of proper sanitation and sewage system in the most remote
areas. This problem is rapidly growing and problems still arise.
52
Introduction, A Guide to Sanitation Safety Planning in the Philippines, Asian Development Bank, 2016
Fig. 00 Sanitation in Manila (Source: www.humanities.co)
According to the UN-Habitat Philippines, the country’s sewage flows to open

water bodies contributing heavily to the pollution of nearby water sources. As of this
report, the 58% of country’s groundwater is now contaminated and about 64% of
rivers exceeded drinking water criterion. 53 The data states that there are currently 20
million Filipinos who have no access to sanitation facilities and only 77% of Filipinos
have sanitary toilet (Source: 2007 FHSIS data).
Issues and Challenges in Sanitation 54:

1. Weak Sanitation Governance
2. Inequitable Access to Basic Sanitation Facilities and Sewerage and
Septage Management Services
3. Low Investment and Financing
4. Lack of Awareness of the Value of Sanitation and its services
5. Improper, inadequate, ill-maintained facilities
53
UN-HABITAT Philippines, December 2011
54
Issue and Challenges in Sanitation, UN-Habitat Philippines, 2011
Fig. 00 Issues and Challenges in Sanitation (Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
CODE OF SANITATION ESTABLISHMENT

The Code of Sanitation was declared by the late president Ferdinand E.
Marcos on the 23rd of December 1975.55 There was no other revision of this law
since its establishment in that year, yet the years before the declaration, codes on
sanitation are already existing in numerous and various laws that also deals with
public health and sanitation. It was then that year when these codes are compiled
into one. The code on sanitation aims to improve the way of the Filipinos by directing
public health services towards the protection and promotion of their health. 56
SUMMARY OF THE CODE OF SANITATION
The code will be known as the “Code on Sanitation of the Philippines.” 57 This
code will focus on the health of the people, being a paramount of importance, all
55
The Code on Sanitation, DOH, 1976 (Reprinted in 1998)
56
Foreword, PD 856 Code on Sanitation of the Philippines, 1976
57
Section 1, Chapter I, PD 856 Code on Sanitation of the Philippines, 1976
efforts of public services should be directed towards the protection and promotion of
health. The terms used in this code is ought to mean the following:
a. Code – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
b. Department – The Department of Health
c. Secretary – The Secretary of Health
d. Regional Director – an official who heads a Regional Health Office.
e. Local Health Authority – an official or employee responsible for the
application of a prescribed health measure in a local political subdivision.
f. Health office – Provincial or city Municipal Health officer.
g. Engineer – must be referred to as a Sanitary Engineer.
h. Section – any section of the code, unless the term refers to other statutes
which are specifically mentioned.
The Department of Health (DOH) shall have the power and function in
implementing this code such as promotion and preservation of the health of the
Filipino people, raise the health standards of individuals and communities around the
country, extend maximum health services to the people in rural areas, and other
responsibility that the department must govern. The Department also has the power
to issue permits in establishing government and private hospitals and other related
buildings.
WATER SUPPLY
This chapter holds the prescribed standards and provisions for water supply
to be used in building operations. According to the Section 9 of this chapter, the
standards for drinking water and their bacteriological and chemical examinations
shall follow with the criteria set by the National Drinking Water Standards. 58 All the
treatment of water, disinfection of contaminated water sources and even the
distribution system shall comply with the guidelines from the department.
The following cases must first seek approval of the Secretary or his duly
authorized representative:59
a. Sites of water sources before their construction
b. Delivery of water to consumers from new or recently repaired water
systems
c. Operation of a water system after an order of closure was issued by the
department
58
Section 9, Chapter II, The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
59
d. Plans and specifications of water systems of subdivisions and projects prior
to the construction of housing units thereat;
e. Certification of potability of drinking water.
Fig. 00 Water Supply (Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
There are also examinations (Initial and Periodic) that a drinking water must
undergo before it can be operated and opened for public use. Initial examination is
testing of water from new sources such as physical, chemical and bacteriological
examination. Periodic examination is having water from existing sources tested
through a bacteriological examination as often as possible but the interval shall not
be longer than six months, while the general systematic chemical examination shall
be conducted yearly.60
To protect the source of water from contamination, the code dictates also
other protective measures such as61:
60
61
Fig. 00 Protective Measures to prevent water contamination (Anti-cram Squad, 2019)
SEWAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL, EXCRETA DISPOSAL AND
DRAINAGE
Approved excreta disposal facilities must meet these standards set by the
code such as having flush toilets properly connected to a community sewer, the flush
toilets are connected to a septic tank that complies with the guidelines in this code,
any approved type pit privy and any disposal device approved by the secretary of the
department62.
According to the Section 73 of this code, private and public sewerage system
should provide laboratory facilities and treatment of all sewage entering the
treatment plant. Data from the sewerage system such as control test and other
records and information must be forwarded to the local health authority, even in
cases like breakdown or improper functioning of sewage system.
As indicated in Section 74, all sewerage works and sewage treatment plants
shall conform to the standards of this code.63
a. Houses that are covered by the system shall be linked to the sewerage
system.
b. Outfalls discharging waste from the treatment plant shall be carried to the
channel of the stream or to deep water where the outlet is discharged.
c. The discharge of storm water shall be separated from the discharge of
sanitary sewage but this should not prevent the installation of a combined
system.
d. Properly designed grease traps shall be provided for sewers from
establishments where the sewage carries a lot amount of grease.
SEPTIC TANKS64
Septic tanks shall be generally rectangular in shape and shall be built in
concrete (whether pre-cast or poured in place), brick, concrete blocks or adobe. If a
septic tank have number of compartment to be used, the first compartment should
have the capacity from one-half to two-thirds of the total volume of the tank. Septic
tanks shall not be constructed under any building and within 25 meters from any
source of water supply.
62
Section 72, Chapter XVII, The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
63
64
Fig. 00 Septic Tank (Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)
According to the Section 76 of this code, the run-off from septic tanks shall be
discharged into a sub-surface soil, absorption field and shall be treated with
purification system.65 After being treated, a stream or body of water may be used as
an outlet for waste.
Septic Tank Capacity
The septic tank capacity may be determined from the estimated unit flow
detailed in the Table 1, this is based on adequate detention time interval resulting in
efficient sedimentation.66 For structures with occupants, the number of persons to be
served by the tank shall be based on the computed number of rooms with each room
serving two persons or on the basis of the actual number or persons served by the
tank.
Table 1: Quantities of Sewage Flow67
Type of Establishment Gals. / Day / Person
Small dwellings and cottages 50

Large dwellings with numerous fixtures 75-100
Multiple family residence 50
Rooming houses 40
Boarding houses 50
Hotel and motels 50
Restaurants (toilet and kitchen wastes per person) 7-10
65
66
67
Restaurants (kitchen wastes per meal served) 2-1/2-3
Kitchen wastes at hotels, camps, boarding houses etc.
7-10
serving 3 meals/day
Tourist camps or trailer parks 35-50
Resort camps (night and day) with limited plumbing 50
Luxury camps 75-100
Work or construction camps 50
Day schools without cafeterias, gym or showers 8
Day schools with cafeterias but no gyms or showers 12
Day schools with cafeterias, gyms and showers 20
Boarding schools 75-100
Day workers at schools and offices 15
Hospitals 150-250
Public institutions other than hospitals 75-125
Factories 15-35
Public picnic parks (toilet waste only) 5
Picnic parks (with bathhouse, showers and flush toilets) 10
Swimming pools and bathing places 10
Luxury residences 100-150
Country clubs 25-50
Source: Page 28, Section 77, Chapter XVII – The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
SANITARY PRIVY
Privy, as defined in this code, is a structure which is not connected to a
sewerage system and is used for reception, disposition and storage of fees or other
excreta from the human body.68 Sanitary privy is recommended to be used and shall
conform to the minimum requirements such as:
a. Sanitary privy must consist of an earthen pit, a floor covering the pit and a
water-sealed bowl.
b. The whole privy and pit shall be completely fly-proof and constructed such
as the fecal matter and urine will be exactly deposited into the earthen pit.
c. The pit shall be at least 1 meter square, its floor should be cover the pit
tightly, must be constructed with concrete or any other impervious material
68
d. The water-sealed bowl shall be joined to the floor so as to form a water-
tight and insect proof joint.
e. There shall not be any wooden floors and seat risers.
DRAINAGE
The city or municipality should provide and maintain in a sanitary state and in
good repair the drainage in all areas where waste water from buildings and
premises could empty without causing nuisance to the community and danger to
public health.69 Any building producing waste water shall be connected to city or
municipal drainage system.
Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code
69
Introduction
Mechanical Engineering Code is a compilation of the basic principles and data
needed in the mechanical engineering field. The main objective of the new code is to
establish a minimum requirement of protection to public health thru sanitation public
safety. The intent of this code is to cover mechanical engineering practice for
multiple residential! commercial and industrial edifices, typically where the greater
population reside and works.70
Scope of the Study

The extent of the research focuses solely on Philippine Mechanical
Engineering Code and will tackle about the laws and standards concerning building
laws in the Philippines.
Chapter 1 - Administration and Definitions

Administration and definitions respectively have outlined a process to follow
for an authority having jurisdiction, normally the government in charge of issuing
guidelines collecting fees and penalties and implementing and enforcing the laws of
the land. This is immediately followed by the typical definitions, words and
derivatives, terms and phrases and certain abbreviations related to all things
mechanical for the immediate understanding of everyone reading the code. 71
Chapter 3 – General Requirements

Discusses the general requirement of heat producing and energy utilizing
equipment which must conform to the requirements of this code and shall not be
installed or altered in violation of this code.72
Chapter 4 – Ventilation Air Supply

Chapter 5 - Exhaust System
Chapter 6 - Duct System
These Chapters speaks about the prerequisites on natural indoor and
system ventilation conditions and requirements as well as the conveyance of air in
various application.73
Chapter 7 – Air Ventilation for Combustion

Chapter 8 – Chimneys and Vents
Chapter 9 – Smoke Control/Fire Stop Protection
These Chapters relate to Combustion Air, Chimneys and Smoke Control
Systems for all industrial, commercial and residential applications paying special
attention to safety at all cost.74
70
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/259569358/Philippine-Mechanical-Engineering-Code-pptx
71
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Chapter 10 - Hydronics
•Shifts to another essential building block for humans, water. Water takes countless
forms when used as an energy source.75
•Hydronics defined as the relating to or being a system of heating or cooling that
involves transfer of heat by circulating fluid (as water or vapor) in a close system of
pipes.76
•Everything about piping is thoroughly discussed including but not limited to piping
installation methods, testing and marking.
Chapter 11 - Steam and Hot Water Boilers

Deals with steam and hot water boilers for different applications and applies to
the construction, operation, repair and alteration of all boilers and pressure levels. 77
Chapter 12 - Refrigeration
Refrigeration system, machinery rooms, equipment control, ventilation, safety
and protection, installation, maintenance and testing are given prominence including
tables of current refrigerants in use.78
Chapter 13 - Installation of Equipment

Is geared toward the safety installation, commission, and testing of specific
equipment such as air-conditioning systems, ventilation appliances, refrigeration
equipment, low pressure boilers, plenums and airducts, food service equipment,
clothes dryers, household cooking appliances, illuminating appliances, incinerators,
pool heaters and power.79
Chapter 14 - Water Supply

Deals with potable and non-potable water supply systems in all types of
buildings whether industrial, commercial or residential including various piping and
plumbing materials.80
Chapter 15-19
Deal extensively with different kinds of piping systems in a given situation.
Drainage piping, Vent Piping, Storm Drainage Piping, Fuel Gas Piping, and Medical
Gas and Vacuum Piping.81
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Chapter 20 - Fire Protection System
Given prominence in this Code and is written to put more teeth to the
implementation of the Republic of the Philippines Fire Code. This was reviewed
extensively by a panel of experts.82
Chapter 21 -Indirect Waste, Traps and Interceptors and

Sewage Treatment Plant
Shows that for all the equipment’s safety and protection undertaking, there is
bound to be waste, chemical waste, air and smell wastes detrimental to health. 83
Chapter 22 - Flammable and combustion liquid piping systems and
storage
Flammable and combustible liquid piping systems and storage deals with the
safety management of handling combustible liquids. This chapter is very explicit and
detailed when it comes to information, data, testing, installation, commissioning,
security and marketing, and disposal management. The local government will be
empowered pertaining to safety for this particular hot topic. 84
Chapter 23 - Pressure Vessel Safety Requirements

Pressure vessels deals with both unfired and fired pressure vessels and
discuss extensively on the design and construction, installation, safety, inspection,
identification and even provisions for the certification and training of qualified welders
and inspectors.85
Chapter 24 – Energy conservation

Aptly titled building transportation, include topics on the design, construction,
installation, alteration, repairing and licensing of all types of elevators, escalators,
moving walls, dumbwaiter, man-lifters, private residence elevators and inclined
elevators, inclined lifts, reciprocating conveyors, wheelchair lifts, inclined stairway
lifts and wheelchair lifts, their hoist ways and their appurtenances. I t does not cover
belts, buckets, scoops, or roller conveyors, tie-ring and pilling machine hoists,
automobile grease hoists, building hoists, skip hoists mine devices, lift bridges and
freight platform hoists.86
Chapter 25 - Elevator safety

Energy conservation is a unique chapter dealing with energy efficiency to help
and support the government’s effort in operating and maintaining a stable electrical
grid. The aim of this chapter is to make the reader be aware of how to achieve
energy efficient buildings without sacrificing comfort which ultimately leads to a
sustainable environment, less greenhouse gas emissions and reduced global
warming. This chapter points to the adoption of the 2010 PSVARE standard on
82
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84
85
86
energy efficiency building development by the PSVACRE Inc. a professional affiliate
of PSME.87
B.P. 344 - ACCESSIBILITY LAW
INTORDUCTION
Batas Pambansa 344 or the Accessibility Law of the Philippines is defined as

an act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring certain buildings,
institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.88
The following will be a summary of the whole content of the law referenced
from a published article by the National Council on Disability Affairs.
Rule I: Scope and Application89
1. Purpose: The rules and regulations set forth herein provide the minimum
requirements and standards to make buildings, facilities, and utilities accessible to
disabled persons.
2. Definition of Terms: For the purpose of these Rules and Regulations, the words,
terms, and phrases enumerated in the Annex hereof shall have a meaning provided
therein.
3. Scope: The provisions of this rules and regulations shall be applicable to the
following:
3.1 Public, private buildings, and other related structures for public use which shall
be constructed, repaired, or renovated
3.2 Streets, Highways, and Public Utilities
3.3 Public Transport
4. Application:
4.1 Public and private buildings and related structures for public use.
There will be no permit for construction, repair or renovation shall be issued
unless the owner provides in the places and specifications submitted barrier-free
facilities and accessibility features according to the following:
4.1.1 Building and related structures to be constructed
a) At the space where primary function is served and where facilities and
ingress/egress of the building are located to make space accessible
for disabled persons
b) 10% of the total number of units of government owned living
accommodations shall be accessible and fully usable by disabled
persons
c) Ingress/egress from the street to the building or structure shall be
made accessible
87
88
http://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/implementing-rules-and-regulations-irr/irr-of-bp-344/
89
d) Accessible slots shall be located near the ingress or egress spaces as
much as possible
4.1.2 Building and related structures to be repaired or renovated including those
proposed for a change of occupancy
a) When the repair or renovation is to be done in the space where
primary function is served
b) When the facilities can be accessible at any other level which is
accessible by means of an elevator with a minimum of 800 mm width
c) When the space for primary function will not be diminished by more
than 10% of its original area
d) When the capacity or strength of any major structural component will
not be diminished
e) When the cost of such repair or renovation is in excess of 20% of the
total cost of the building or structure
f) When there is no legal constraint which would not allow compliance
with the regulations
EXCEPTION: Repair or renovation consisting of only heating,
ventilating, and air conditioning systems shall not be subject to the
requirements of barrier-free facilities and accessibility features
4.2.1 Streets, highways, and transport related structures to be constructed shall
be provided with the following barrier-free facilities and accessibility
features at every pedestrian crossing: ramps and other accessible
features in buildings; transportation terminals and passenger waiting
areas for us of disabled person
a) Cut-out curbs and accessible ramps at sidewalks
b) Audio-visual aids for crossing
EXCEPTION: Requirements for accessibility at pedestrian grade
separations or overpasses and underpasses may be waived
4.2.2 Existing streets and highways to be repaired and renovated shall be
provided with the accessibility requirements where the portion of existing
streets and highways to be repaired are at
4.2.3 Transport vehicles for public uses
4.2.4 Existing Public Transport Vehicles
4.2.5 Public Telephones – At least 1 unit of public telephones every 4 units
shall be accessible to disabled persons and provided with visual aids
required
4.2.6 Public Transport Terminals
5. Special Standards of Accessibility:
Special Standards of Accessibility through the use of other methods and materials
shall be allowed where the requirements for accessibility creates an unreasonable
hardship in design or construction provided that it is subject to the approval of the
National Council for Welfare of Disabled Persons
Rule II: Minimum Requirements for Accessibility 90
1. Design Criteria:
90
1.1 Categories of Disabled Persons
1.1.1 Impairments requiring confinement to wheelchairs
1.1.2 Impairments causing difficulty in walking or climbing stairs/ requiring the
use of braces, crutches, and other artificial supports; impairments caused
by illnesses rendering individual semi-ambulatory
1.1.3 Total or partial impairments of hearing or sight
1.1.4 Impairments due to conditions of aging and coordination
1.1.5 Mental Impairments whether acquired or congenital in nature
1.2 Anthropometrics and Dimensional Data as Guides for Design
The minimum and maximum dimensions for spaces in the built environment
should consider the following:
1.2.1 Varying sizes and statures of persons of both sexes, their reaches and
lines of sight, both in standing and sitting positions
1.2.2 Dimensional data of the technical aids of disabled persons
1.2.3 The provision of adequate space for a wheelchair to maneuver generally
insured adequate space for disabled persons equipped with other
technical aids or accompanied by assistants
a) The length of wheelchairs vary from 1.10 m to 1.30 m
b) The width of wheelchairs vary from 0.60 m to 0.75 m
c) 1.50 diameter is the suitable guide in planning for wheelchair turning
spaces
d) Comfortable reach for persons confined in wheelchairs is 0.70 – 1.20
m above the floor and not less than 0.40 m from room corners
e) The comfortable clearance for knee and leg space under tables is
0.70 m
1.3 Basic Physical Planning Requirements
1.3.1 Accessibility
1.3.2 Reach Ability
1.3.3 Usability
1.3.4 Orientation
1.3.5 Safety
1.3.6 Work Ability and Efficiency
Rule III: Specific Requirements for Building and Related Structures

for Public Use91
1. Classification of Building by Use of Occupancy:

1.1 Occupancy classified by categories enumerated in section 710 of the National
Building Code are hereby adapted
1.1.1 Category I Residential – Shall comprise Group A and partly Group B
buildings
1.1.2 Category II Commercial and Industrial – Shall comprise partly Groups B,
C, E, F, G, H
1.1.3 Category III Education and Industrial – Shall comprise partly group C, D,
E, and H buildings
1.1.4 Category IV Agriculture – Shall comprise partly Group J Buildings
91
1.1.5 Category V Ancillary – Shall comprise partly Group J Buildings
2. Architectural Features and Facilities
Where the following features and facilities are architectural design requirements in
accordance with generally accepted architectural practice, the same include the
corresponding graphic signs
2.1 Architectural Facilities and Features:
2.1.1 A – Stairs
2.1.2 B – Walkways
2.1.3 C – Corridors
2.1.4 D – Doors and Entrance
2.1.5 E – Washroom and Toilets
2.1.6 F – Lifts/Elevator
2.1.7 G – Ramps
2.1.8 H – Parking Areas
2.1.9 I – Switches, Controls, Buzzers
2.1.10 J – Handrails
2.1.11 K – Thresholds
2.1.12 L – Floor Finishes
2.1.13 M – Drinking Fountains
2.1.14 N – Public Telephones
2.1.15 O – Seating Accommodations
3. Category I – The following requirements shall only apply to government owned
building
3.1 Group A
3.1.1 Single Detached – 10% of the total units to be constructed
3.1.2 Duplexes – 10% of the total units to be constructed
3.1.3 School or company staff housing units: 1 unit to 26 to 50 units to be
constructed and 1 additional unit for every 100 units
4. Category II – The following requirement shall apply to both government and privately
owned buildings
4.1 Group B
4.1.1 Accessories, Tenements, Row Houses, Apartments, Town Houses – 1
unit for every 50 units up to 150 units and an additional unit for every 100
units
4.1.2 Hotels, Motels, Inns, Pension Houses, Apartels – 1 unit per every 50 up to
150 units and additional unit for every 100 units at ingress level
4.1.3 Private or off Campus Dormitories – 1 unit per every 50 unit up to 150
units and additional dwelling unit for every 100 units after at ingress level
4.2 Group C
4.2.1 Amusement Halls and Parlor – Barrier Free facilities and features required
in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, and O.
4.2.2 Massage and Sauna Parlors - Barrier Free facilities and features required
in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, and M.
4.3 Group E-1
4.3.1 4.3.1 Train Stations and Terminals - Barrier Free facilities and features
required in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, and O.
4.3.2 Airport Terminal Buildings, Heliports - Barrier Free facilities and features
4.3.3 Ports and Harbor Facilities, Landing Piers, Sheds, Ferry Landing Stations
- Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J,
K, L, M, N, and O.
4.4 Group E-2
4.4.1 General Wholesale and Retail Stores - Barrier Free facilities and features
required in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N
4.4.2 Shopping Centers, Supermarkets, Public Markets - Barrier Free facilities
and features required in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N
4.4.3 Restaurants, Dining and Drinking Establishments - Barrier Free facilities
and features required in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N
4.4.4 Office Buildings - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B, C,
D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N
4.4.5 Financial Institutions - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B,
C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N
4.4.6 Funeral Parlors, Morgues, Crematories - Barrier Free facilities and
features required in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, and O.
4.4.7 Memorial and Mortuary Chapels - Barrier Free facilities and features
4.5 Group H-1, H-4, and Group I
4.5.1 Theaters, Auditoriums, and Convention Halls - Barrier Free facilities and
features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, and O.
4.5.2 Concert Halls and Opera Houses - Barrier Free facilities and features
required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, and O.
4.5.3 Coliseum, Sports Complex, and Stadiums - Barrier Free facilities and
features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, and O.
4.6 Group F
4.6.1 4.6.1 Dairies and Creameries - Barrier Free facilities and features
required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
4.6.2 Factories and Workshops using incombustible or non explosive materials
- Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K,
L, M
4.6.3 Breweries bottling plants, canneries, and tanneries - Barrier Free facilities
and features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
4.7 Group G-3
4.7.1 4.7.1 Wood Working Establishments - Barrier Free facilities and features
4.7.2 Pulp paper and Paper Board Factories - Barrier Free facilities and
features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
4.7.3 Textile and Fiber Spinning Mills - Barrier Free facilities and features
4.7.4 Garment and Undergarment Factories - Barrier Free facilities and features
5. Category III
5.1 Group C
5.1.1 Educational Institutions - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A,
B, C, D, E, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, O
5.1.2 Libraries, Museums, Exhibit Halls, Art Galleries - Barrier Free facilities and
features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O
5.1.3 Civil Centers - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B, C, D, E,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O
5.1.4 Clubhouses, Lodges - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B,
C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O
5.2 Group D-I
5.2.1 Mental Hospitals, Mental Sanitaria, Mental Asylums - Barrier Free facilities
and features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.2.2 Jails, Prison, Reformatories, Correctional Institutions - Barrier Free
facilities and features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.2.3 Rehabilitation Centers - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A,
B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.2.4 Leprosaria - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B, C, D, E,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.3 Group D-2
5.3.1 Home for the Aged - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B,
C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.3.2 Hospitals and Sanitaria - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A,
B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.4 Group D-3
5.4.1 Nursing Homes for Ambulatory Patients - Barrier Free facilities and
features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.4.2 Orphanages - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B, C, D, E,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.5 Group E-7
5.5.1 Police and Fire Stations - Barrier Free facilities and features required in A,
B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
5.6 Group H
5.6.1 Churches, Temples, Chapels, Places of Worship - Barrier Free facilities
and features required in A, B, C, D, G, H, I, J, K, L
6. Category IV
6.1.1 Agricultural Buildings Barrier Free Facilities and Features required in:
Barrier Free facilities and features required in A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L
7. Standard of Accessibility for Special Type of Facilities
7.1 The provision shall apply to specified types of facilities and identified specific
requirements for access and use which shall be provided for each of the listed
occupancy uses
a) Seating for the disabled shall be accessible from the main lobby to primary
entrances
b) There shall be spaces for disabled persons where seating accommodation is
provided
c) When the seating capacity exceeds 500, an additional wheelchair seating
space shall be provided for each total seating capacity increase of 100 seats
d) Readily removable seats may be installed when spaces are not required to
accommodate wheelchair users
8. Computation of Accessible Units
For the allocation of accessible units and seating capacity, decimals greater than
0.50 shall be considered 1 unit; in all cases, a minimum of 1 accessible unit shall be
provided
9. Application of Barrier Free Facilities and Features
9.1 Graphic Signs shall be bold and installed in every access from entry to
connecting destination
9.2 Walkways shall be provided with adequate passageway
9.3 Width of corridors and circulation system shall integrate both vertical access to
ingress and egress level of building
9.4 Doors and entrances shall be designed to be opened easily from floor to any
point of destination
9.5 Washroom and toilets shall be accessible and provided with adequate turning
space
9.6 Whenever elevator is required, it should meet the requirements provided
9.7 Ramps shall be provided as means of access
9.8 Parking areas shall be provided with sufficient space for the disabled persons to
allow easy transfer
9.9 Height above floor or switches and controls shall be in accordance with the
provisions
9.10 Handrails shall be provided at both sides of the ramp
9.11 Floors provided for every route of the wheelchair shall be made of nonskid
material
9.12 Water fountains shall be installed as required

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THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE

CHAPTER 1 - SITE REQUIREMENT

TYPE II: Wood construction

TYPE IV: Stell, iron, concrete, or TYPE V: Buildings shall be fire-

CHAPTER 5 - REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ZONES

CHAPTER 7 - CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF

Division 1: Assembly building with stage having occupant load of 1000

1.20 sqm with atleast 0.90m dimension

Minimum air space requirements in determining size of rooms

Workshops, Factories, and Offices

CHAPTER 12 - DEISGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

Every storey, having Every storey, having Width: Total

Shall be placed a distance apart

Figure 05: Number of Exits (Source: NBCP, Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)

Width and Height: Not less than

Figure 06: Door Requirements (Source: NBCP, Anti-Cram Squad, 2019)

Width: Serving occupant load more

Landing: Shall have dimension

IRR (THE 2004 REVISED IMPLEMENTING RULES AND

RULE VII – CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL

PARKING SLOT, PARKING AREA AND LOADING/UNLOADING SPACE

Figure 16: Easement Along Water Bodies/Way by Location (Source: PD 1096)

MINIMUM ACCESS REQUIREMENTS

TOTAL OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS ON LOTS BY USE/OCCUPANCY

RULE 5. BFP REORGANIZATION AND PROFESSIONALIZATION

RULE 6. FIRE BRIGADES, FIRE VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS

RULE 7. ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT TO THE BFP

RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

 Inspection of all buildings, structures, facilities and premises,

RULE 10. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES

RULE 11. PROHIBITED ACTS

RULE 12. FIRE CODE TAXES, FEES/CHARGES AND FINES

RULE 13. ADMINISTRATIVE COURSES OF ACTION

RULE 14. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISION

Buildings are classified according to its nature of occupancy for purposes of

Occupancies having surgery and emergency treatment

Occupancies and structures housing or supporting toxic or

Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant

V. Miscellaneous Private garages, carports, sheds and fences over 1.5

Figure 00. Occupancy Category

The requirements of Earthquake-Recording Instrumentation shall apply to all

Type and Height of Building Location Requirements

Figure 00. Earthquake-Recording Instrumentation for Buildings

Minimum Specifications for Earthquake Recording Instruments 6

CHAPTER 2 – MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

Section 204 - Dead Loads

Deadloads consist of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated

204.3 - Partition Loads

Floors in office building and other buildings where partition locations

Section 205 - Live Loads

205.3 - Floor Live Loads

Use or Occupancy Uniform Load Concentrated Load

Figure 00. Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads

205.4 - Roof Live Loads

Figure 00. Minimum Roof Live Loads

205.5 - Reduction of Live Loads

For storage loads exceeding 4.8 kPa, no reduction shall be made,

Section 206 - Other Minimum Loads