Elements Symbols Valances Table

Atomic Number/ Name of Symbol of Valance Type

Proton Number/ Element Element
Electron Number
1 Hydrogen H 1 Non-metal
2 Helium He Non-metal

5 Boron B 3 Non-metal

6 Carbon C 2, 4 Non-metal

7 Nitrogen N 3 Non-metal

8 Oxygen O 2 Non-metal

9 Fluorine F 1 Non-metal

10 Neon Ne Non-metal

11 Sodium Na (Natrium) 1 Metal

12 Magnesium Mg 2 Metal

13 Aluminium Al 3 Metal

14 Silicon Si 2, 4 Metalloid
15 Phosphorus P 1, 3, 5 Non-metal
16 Sulfur S 2, 4, 6 Non-metal
17 Chlorine Cl 1 Non-metal

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
Atomic Number/ Name of Symbol of Valance Type
Proton Number/ Element Element
Electron Number
(Latin name)
18 Argon Ar Non-metal
19 Potassium K (Kalium) 1 Metal

20 Calcium Ca 2 Metal

26 Iron Fe (Ferrum) 2, 3 Metal

29 Copper Cu (Cuprum) 1, 2 Metal

30 Zinc Zn 2 Metal
35 Bromine Br 1 Non-metal
47 Silver Ag (Argentum) 1, 2, 3 Metal
50 Tin Sn (Stannum) 2, 4 Metal
53 Iodine I 1
78 Platinum Pt 1, 2, 3, 4, Metal

79 Gold Au (Aurum) 1, 2, 3 Metal

80 Mercury Hg 1, 2 Metal
(Hydrargyrum)
82 Lead Pb (Plumbum) 2, 4 Metal

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
Some Important Chemical Compounds and their Classifications

SL Name of Compound Chemical Type

# Formula
Sodium Chloride NaCl Binary Ionic Compound

Calcium Oxide CaO Binary Ionic Compound

Manganese IV oxide MnO2 Binary Ionic Compound

Silver Oxide Ag2O Binary Ionic Compound

Aluminum Sulfide Al2S3 Binary Ionic Compound

Zinc Chloride ZnCl2 Binary Ionic Compound

Magnesium Iodide MgI2 Binary Ionic Compound

Iron II Oxide FeO Binary Ionic Compound

Iron III Oxide Fe2O3 Binary Ionic Compound

Copper I oxide Cu2O Binary Ionic Compound

Copper II oxide CuO Binary Ionic Compound

Magnesium chloride MgCl2 Binary Ionic Compound

Iron III bromide FeBr3 Binary Ionic Compound

Nitrate NO3-1 Polyatomic Ion

Nitrite NO2-1 Polyatomic Ion

hydroxide OH-1 Polyatomic Ion

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
SL Name of Compound Chemical Type
# Formula
bicarbonate HCO3-1 Polyatomic Ion

carbonate CO3-2 Polyatomic Ion

sulfate SO4-2 Polyatomic Ion

Sulfite SO3-2 Polyatomic Ion

Phosphate PO4-3 Polyatomic Ion

Phosphite PO3-3 Polyatomic Ion

Ammonium NH4+1 Polyatomic Ion

Ammonium Chloride NH4Cl Ternary Ionic Compound

Ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 Ternary Ionic Compound

Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 Ternary Ionic Compound

Aluminum nitrate Al(NO3)3 Ternary Ionic Compound

Copper I Sulfate Cu2SO4 Ternary Ionic Compound

Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Ternary Ionic Compound

Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Ternary Ionic Compound

Sodium hydroxide NaOH Ternary Ionic Compound

Potassium hydroxide KOH Ternary Ionic Compound

Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Ternary Ionic Compound

Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH Ternary Ionic Compound

Carbon dioxide CO2 Binary Molecular Compound

Carbon monoxide CO Binary Molecular Compound

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
SL Name of Compound Chemical Type
# Formula
Dinitrogen tetraoxide N2O4 Binary Molecular Compound

Dihydrogen monoxide H2O Binary Molecular Compound

Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 Binary Molecular Compound

Silicon dioxide SiO2 Binary Molecular Compound

Diphosphorous pentachloride P2Cl5 Binary Molecular Compound

Nitrogen monoxide NO Binary Molecular Compound

Dinitrogen pentaoxide N2O5 Binary Molecular Compound

Hydrochloric acid HCl Binary acid

Hydrofluoric acid HF Binary acid

Nitric acid HNO3 Ternary acid

Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Ternary acid

Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Ternary acid

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
Important Chemical Compounds with their Molecular Formulas

Aluminium oxide – Al2O3 Lithium bromide – LiBr

Aluminium phosphide – AlP Lithium carbonate– Li2CO3

Aluminium chloride – AlCl3 Lithium chloride – LiCl

Aluminium fluoride – AlF3 Lithium hydroxide – LiOH

Aluminium hydroxide – Al(OH)3 Lithium iodide – LiI

Aluminium nitrate – Al(NO3)3 Lithium nitrate – LiNO3

Aluminium sulfate – Al2(SO4)3

Magnesium carbonate – MgCO3

Ammonia – NH3 Magnesium chloride – MgCl2

Ammonium bicarbonate – NH4HCO3 Magnesium oxide – MgO

Ammonium chloride – NH4Cl Magnesium phosphate – Mg3(PO4)2

Ammonium cyanide – NH4CN Magnesium sulfate – MgSO4

Ammonium dichromate – (NH4)2Cr2O7

Ammonium hydroxide – NH4OH Manganese(IV) oxide– MnO2

Ammonium nitrate – NH4NO3 Manganese(II) chloride – MnCl2

Ammonium sulfite – (NH4)2SO3 Manganese(III) chloride – MnCl3

Ammonium sulfate – (NH4)2SO4 Manganese(IV) fluoride – MnF4

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
 Manganese(II) phosphate – Mn3(PO4)2

Barium chloride – BaCl2

Barium carbonate – BaCO3 Nitric acid – HNO3

Barium hydroxide – Ba(OH)2 Nitrogen monoxide – NO

Barium iodide – BaI2 Nitrogen dioxide – NO2

Barium nitrate – Ba(NO3)2

Barium sulfate – BaSO4 Iodic acid – HIO3

Barium fluoride – BaF2

Borax – Na2B4O7·10H2O Phosphine – PH3

Boric acid – H3BO3 Phosphoric acid – H3PO4

Boron trichloride – BCl3 Phosphorous acid– H3PO3

Boron trifluoride – BF3 Phosphorus pentabromide – PBr5

Phosphorus pentoxide – P2O5

Calcium carbide – CaC2

Calcium chloride – CaCl2 Potassium bromide – KBr

Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2 Potassium carbonate – K2CO3

Calcium sulfate (Gypsum) – CaSO4 Potassium chloride – KCl

Potassium cyanide – KCN

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
Carbon dioxide – CO2 Potassium hydroxide – KOH

Carbon disulfide – CS2 Potassium iodide – KI

Carbon monoxide – CO Potassium nitrate – KNO3

Carbonic acid – H2CO3 Potassium perchlorate – KClO4

Carbon tetrachloride – CCl4 Potassium permanganate – KMnO4

Potassium sulfate – K2SO4

Chloric acid – HClO3 Potassium sulfide – K2S

Copper(II) carbonate – CuCO3 Silica gel – SiO2·nH2O

Copper(I) chloride – CuCl Silicon dioxide – SiO2

Copper(II) chloride – CuCl2 Silicon monoxide – SiO

Copper(II) hydroxide – Cu(OH)2

Copper(II) nitrate – Cu(NO3)2 Silver bromide – AgBr

Copper(I) oxide – Cu2O Silver chloride – AgCl

Copper(II) oxide – CuO Silver hydroxide – AgOH

Copper(II) sulfate – CuSO4 Silver nitrate – AgNO3

Dinitrogen tetroxide – N2O4 Sodium carbonate – Na2CO3

Sodium chloride – NaCl

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
Gold(I) chloride – AuCl Sodium hydride – NaH

Gold(III) chloride – AuCl3 Sodium bicarbonate – NaHCO3

Sodium hydroxide – NaOH

Hydrazine – N2H4 Sodium iodide – NaI

Hydrobromic acid – HBr Sodium nitrate – NaNO3

Hydrochloric acid – HCl Sodium nitrite – NaNO2

Hydroiodic acid – HI Sodium sulfate – Na2SO4

Hydrogen bromide – HBr

Hydrogen chloride – HCl Sulfur dioxide – SO2

Hydrogen fluoride – HF Sulfuric acid – H2SO4

Hydrogen peroxide – H2O2 Sulfurous acid – H2SO3

Hydrogen sulfide – H2S

Zinc bromide – ZnBr2

Iron(II) chloride – FeCl2 Zinc carbonate – ZnCO3

Iron(III) chloride – FeCl3 Zinc chloride – ZnCl2

Iron(II) oxide – FeO Zinc fluoride – ZnF2

Iron(III) nitrate – Fe(NO3)3 Zinc iodide – ZnI2

Iron(II,III) oxide – Fe3O4 Zinc oxide – ZnO

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
Iron(III) oxide – Fe2O3 Zinc sulfate – ZnSO4

Zinc sulfide – ZnS

Lead(II) carbonate – Pb(CO3)

Lead(II) chloride – PbCl2 Lead(II) phosphate – Pb3(PO4)2

Lead(II) iodide – PbI2 Lead(II) sulfate – Pb(SO4)

Lead(II) nitrate – Pb(NO3)2 Lead(II) sulfide – PbS

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
 Common Chemicals around Us

Sl# Common Names Chemical Names Chemical Formula

1 Antiperspirant Aluminum chlorohydrate Al2Cl(OH)5

2 Baking powder Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

3 Battery acid Sulphuric acid H2SO4

4 Bleaching powder Calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO)2

5 Blue Vitriol (Fungicide, Herbicide,

Dyeing) Copper Sulphate CuSO4.5H2O

6 Caustic Soda (Cleaning agent, pulping,

water treatment, cement mixing) Sodium Hydroxide NaOH

7 Caustic Potash (Soap making, electrolyte,

food thickener) Potassium Hydroxide KOH

8 Corn starch (Culinary, baby powder, Amylum [C6H10O5]n

adhesive, bioplastic)

9 Carbolic acid (Soap, cosmetic, drug) Phenol C6H5OH

10 Chloroform Trichloromethane CHCl3

11 Dry Ice Solid Carbondioxide CO2

12 Epsom (Medical, Agriculture, Food) Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4.7H2O

13 Formalin 40% solution of CH2O

formaldehyde

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
Sl# Common Names Chemical Names Chemical Formula

14 Freon Dichlorodifluoromethane CF2Cl2

15 Glycerine Glycerol C3H5(OH)3

16 Gypsum (Construction) Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4) .2H2O

17 Green Vitriol (Medical, colorant,

Agriculture) Ferrous Sulphate FeSO4.7H2O

18 Hypo Sodium Thiosulphate Na2S2O3.5H2O

19 Laughing gas (Medical, automobile, Dinitrogen N2O

propellant) monoxide/Nitrous oxide
20 Lye Sodium hydroxide NaOH

21 Ammonium Ferrous
Mohr’s Salt (Analytical chemistry) Sulphate FeSO4 (NH4)2 SO4.6H2O

22 Marble Calcium carbonate CaCO3

23 Milk of magnesia Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2

24 Nail polish remover Acetone CH3COCH3

25 Natural / Marsh Gas Methane CH4

26 Plaster of Paris Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4) ½ H2O

27 Potash Ash Potassium Carbonate K2CO3

28 Quick Lime Calcium Oxide CaO

Sl# Common Names Chemical Names Chemical Formula

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid
Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
29 Quicksilver Mercury Hg

30 Rubbing alcohol Isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH

31 Sand/ Quartz Silicon dioxide SiO2

32 Slaked Lime Calcium Hydroxide Ca (OH)2

33 Sour Salt Citric acid C6H8O7

34 Salt Peter Potassium nitrate KNO3

35 Table Sugar Sucrose C12H22O11

36 Teflon Polymer of (C2F4)n

tetrafluoroethylene 

37 Talc(um) powder Magnesium silicate Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

38 Tasting salt Monosodium glutamate C5H8NNaO4

39 Table Salt/Rock Salt Sodium chloride NaCl

40 Vinegar Acetic acid C2H4O2

41 Vitamin C Ascorbic acid C6H8O6

42 Washing soda Sodium carbonate Na2CO3⋅10H2O

decahydrate 

43 White Vitriol Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O

44 Wood alcohol Methyl alcohol CH3OH

Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid

Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT
Dr. Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid
Associate Professor
Chemistry, IUBAT