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Carbon Its Compound 48
Carbon Its Compound 48
Carbon Its Compound 48
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o Diamond:
o Graphite:
▪ Graphite is very brittle in nature and it is the only non-metal which can conduct
electricity.
▪ Its structure is in the form of sheet.
▪ The single layer of sheet of ghaphite is called Graphine.
o Buckminsterfullerene:
o Lonsdaleite:
o Alkane:
▪ Those hydrocarbons which have only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called
Alkanes.
▪ The basic formula for Alkanes is CnH2n+2.
▪ Some of the important examples of Alkanes are Methane, Ethane, Propane etc.
o Alkene:
▪ Those hydrocarbons which have only double bonds between the carbon atoms are called
Alkenes.
▪ The basic formula for alkenes is CnH2n.
▪ Some of the important examples of Alkenes are Ethene, Propene etc.
o Alkyne:
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▪ Those hydrocarbons which have only triple bonds in between the carbon atoms are
called Alkynes.
▪ The basic molecular formula for Alkynes is CnH2n-2.
▪ Some of the important examples of Alkynes are Ethyne, Propyne etc.
• A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have same chemical properties and
have a difference of CH2 consecutive chemicals.
• Isomers are the organic compounds which have same molecular formula but different
structure. For example – n-pentane, iso-pentane and neo-pentane.
Functional Group:
• An atom or group of atom which makes a carbon compound reactive and decides its
properties is called functional group.
• Some of the important functional groups are described below as follows:
o Addition: Only unsaturated hydrocarbons show Addition reaction. This reaction is used
to produce vegetable ghee from vegetable oil.
o Substitution: When a group of atom or single atom takes place of another in a reaction
then such type of reaction is called Substitution reaction.
o Ethanol:
o Ethanoic Acid:
▪ It is a colourless liquid.
▪ When pure ethanoic acid freeze like ice, it is known as Glacial Acetic Acid.
▪ Ethanoic Acid/Acetic acid when reacts with ethanol it forms an ester.
▪ Ester are sweet smelling compounds.
o Methane:
▪ It is a marsh gas.
▪ It can easily be produced from Marshy areas, Coal mines, land-fills.
o Butane:
▪ Butane is used in LPG cylinders.
▪ Its molecular formula is C4H10.